Hostname: page-component-848d4c4894-jbqgn Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-06-22T10:37:53.989Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Effects of protected fish oil in the diet of periparturient dairy goats on phenotypic variation in blood and milk leukocytes

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  29 March 2010

V. Bronzo ,
M. Puricelli ,
A. Agazzi ,
G. Invernizzi ,
M. Ferroni ,
P. Moroni  and
G. Savoini
V. Bronzo*
Affiliation:
Dipartimento di Patologia Animale, Igiene e Sanità Pubblica Veterinaria, Facoltà di Medicina Veterinaria di Milano, via Celoria 10, 20133 Milan, Italy Università degli Studi di Milano, Centro Interdipartimentale di Studi sulla Ghiandola Mammaria
M. Puricelli
Affiliation:
Dipartimento di Patologia Animale, Igiene e Sanità Pubblica Veterinaria, Facoltà di Medicina Veterinaria di Milano, via Celoria 10, 20133 Milan, Italy
A. Agazzi
Affiliation:
Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Veterinarie per la Sicurezza Alimentare, Facoltà di Medicina Veterinaria di Milano, via Celoria 10, 20133 Milan, Italy
G. Invernizzi
Affiliation:
Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Veterinarie per la Sicurezza Alimentare, Facoltà di Medicina Veterinaria di Milano, via Celoria 10, 20133 Milan, Italy
M. Ferroni
Affiliation:
Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Veterinarie per la Sicurezza Alimentare, Facoltà di Medicina Veterinaria di Milano, via Celoria 10, 20133 Milan, Italy
P. Moroni
Affiliation:
Dipartimento di Patologia Animale, Igiene e Sanità Pubblica Veterinaria, Facoltà di Medicina Veterinaria di Milano, via Celoria 10, 20133 Milan, Italy Department of Population Medicine and Diagnostic Sciences, Quality Milk Production Services, Cornell University, 22 Thornwood Drive, Ithaca, NY, 14850, USA Università degli Studi di Milano, Centro Interdipartimentale di Studi sulla Ghiandola Mammaria
G. Savoini
Affiliation:
Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Veterinarie per la Sicurezza Alimentare, Facoltà di Medicina Veterinaria di Milano, via Celoria 10, 20133 Milan, Italy Università degli Studi di Milano, Centro Interdipartimentale di Studi sulla Ghiandola Mammaria
*
†E-mail: valerio.bronzo@unimi.it
Get access

Abstract

The goal of this study was to evaluate the effects of dietary protected fish oil (FO) on phenotypic variation in blood, milk leukocytes, and some productive and metabolic parameters in periparturient dairy goats. About 12 Alpine goats, selected from a larger group of second-parity animals, were fed from 15 days before kidding until the 15th day of lactation with the same basal diet that had been supplemented with either 47 g/head per day of FO or 47 g/head per day hydrogenated palm oil (PO). Dry matter intake, live body weight (LBW), body condition score (BCS), and productive performance were evaluated in 2 weeks after kidding. On days 15, 7, and 2 before kidding and days 2, 7, and 15 after kidding, plasma samples were collected for evaluation of alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, non-esterified fatty acids, glucose, beta-hydroxybutyrate, cholesterol, and urea levels. White blood cell and blood leukocyte subsets were counted in whole blood samples on the kidding day, as well as at 1, 4, and 15 days after kidding. In addition, milk somatic cell count, intramammary infection (IMI), and milk leukocyte subsets were evaluated on days 4 and 15 after kidding. No differences were observed in dry matter intake and BCS, while LBW was higher in FO-fed animals. Milk production and composition, plasma metabolites, and liver enzymes were similar in both experimental groups. Blood CD4 positive cells increased constantly (P = 0.05) in FO-fed group, while CD8 and CD14 cell counts significantly increased 4 days after kidding (P < 0.01). Milk leukocyte subsets showed a significant (P < 0.01) decrease in PO-fed group and a non-significant increase (P = 0.34) in FO-fed group, despite the presence of coagulase negative staphylococci IMI. The results of the productive performance evaluation agreed with those of many other studies, which did not find any significant differences between dairy goats fed diets enriched with FO or PO supplements. The administration of FO to dairy goats in transition appeared to affect the variation in blood leukocytes with a constant increase in CD4- and CD8-positive cells in comparison with a PO fat-supplemented diet.

Keywords

goattransition periodfish oilproductive performanceimmunity
Type
Full Paper
Information
animal , Volume 4 , Issue 9 , September 2010 , pp. 1510 - 1517
Copyright
Copyright © The Animal Consortium 2010

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Agazzi, A, Cattaneo, D, Dell’Orto, V, Moroni, P, Bonizzi, L, Pasotto, D, Bronzo, V, Savoini, G 2004. Effect of administration of fish oil on aspects of cell-mediated immune response in periparturient dairy goats. Small Ruminant Research 55, 77–83.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Albers, R, Bol, M, Bleumink, R, Willems, A, Blonk, C, Pieters, R 2002. Effects of dietary lipids on immune function in a murine sensitization model. The British Journal of Nutrition 88, 291–299.Google Scholar
Asai, K, Komine, Y, Kozutsumi, T, Yamaguchi, T, Komine, K, Kumagai, K 2000. Predominant subpopulations of T lymphocytes in the mammary gland secretions during lactation and intraepithelial T lymphocytes in the intestine of dairy cows. Veterinary Immunology and Immunopathology 73, 233–240.Google Scholar
Azab, ME, Hussein, A, Maksoud, A 1999. Changes in some haematological and biochemical parameters during prepartum and postpartum periods in female baladi goats. Small Ruminant Research 34, 77–85.Google Scholar
Baldi, A, Cheli, F, Corino, C, Dell’Orto, V, Polidori, F 1992. Effect of feeding calcium salts of long chain fatty acids on milk yield, milk composition and plasma parameters of lactating goats. Small Ruminant Research 6, 303–310.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ballou, MA, Cruz, GD, Pittroff, W, Keisler, DH, DePeters, EJ 2008. Modifying the acute phase response of jersey calves by supplementing milk replacer with omega-3 fatty acids from fish oil. Journal of Dairy Science 91, 3478–3487.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Byrne, KM, Kim, HW, Chew, BP, Reinhart, GA, Hayek, MG 2000. A standardised gating technique for the generation of flow cytometry data for normal canine and normal feline blood lymphocytes. Veterinary Immunology and Immunopathology 73, 167–182.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Calder, PC 1997. Polyunsaturated fatty acids and immune cell function. Advances in Enzyme Regulation 37, 197–237.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Calder, PC, Grimble, RF 2002. Polyunsaturated fatty acids, inflammation and immunity. European Journal of Clinical Nutrition 56, S14–S19.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Calder, PC, Yaqoob, P, Thies, F, Wallace, FA, Miles, EA 2002. Fatty acids and lymphocyte functions. British Journal of Nutrition 87, S31–S48.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Cannas, A, Tedeschi, LO, Atzori, AS, Fox, DG 2007. The small ruminant nutrition system: development and evaluation of a goat submodel. Italian Journal of Animal Science 6, 609–611.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cattaneo, D, Dell’Orto, V, Varisco, G, Agazzi, A, Savoini, G 2006. Enrichment in n-3 fatty acids of goat’s colostrum and milk by maternal fish oil supplementation. Small Ruminant Research 64, 22–29.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Celi, P, Di Trana, A, Claps, S 2008. Effects of perinatal nutrition on lactational performance, metabolic and hormonal profile of dairy goats and respective kids. Small Ruminant Research 79, 129–136.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cherian, G, Sim, JD 1996. Changes in the breast milk fatty acids and plasma lipids of nursing mothers following consumption of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid enriched eggs. Nutrition 12, 8–12.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Chilliard, Y, Ferlay, A, Rouel, J, Lamberet, G 2003. A review of nutritional and physiological factors affecting goat milk lipid synthesis and lipolysis. Journal of Dairy Science 86, 1751–1770.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Contreras, A, Paape, MJ, Miller, RH 1999. Prevalence of subclinical intrammary infection caused by Staphlylococcus epidermidis in a commercial dairy goat herd. Small Ruminant Research 31, 203–208.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
FIL-IDF 1981. Laboratory methods for use in mastitis work. Bulletin of International Dairy Federation 132, 1–27.Google Scholar
Gershwin, ME, Beach, RS, Hurley, LS 1985. Lipids. In Nutrition and immunity (ed. ME Gershwin, RS Beach and LS Hurley), pp. 259–284. Academic Press, Inc., Orlando, USA.Google Scholar
Guiguen, F, Greenland, T, Pardo, E, Panaye, G, Mornex, JF 1996. Flow cytometric analysis of goat milk lymphocytes: subpopulations and adhesion molecule expression. Veterinary Immunology and Immunopathology 53, 173–178.Google Scholar
Harp, JA, Waters, TE, Goff, JP 2004. Lymphocyte subsets and adhesion molecule expression in milk and blood of periparturient dairy cattle. Veterinary Immunology and Immunopathology 102, 9–17.Google Scholar
Harvatine, KJ, Allen, MS 2005. The effect of production level on feed intake, milk yield, and endocrine responses to two fatty acid supplements in lactating cows. Journal of Dairy Science 88, 4018–4027.Google Scholar
Ismail, HI, Hashimoto, Y, Kon, Y, Okada, K, Davis, WC, Iwanaga, T 1996. Lymphocyte subpopulations in the mammary gland of the goat. Veterinary Immunology and Immunopathology 52, 201–212.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Jain, NC 1993. Essential of Veterinary Hematology, 1st edition. Lea and Febiger, Philadelphia, USA.Google Scholar
Johnson, JA, Griswold, JA, Muakkassa, FF 1993. Essential fatty acids influence survival in sepsis. Journal of Trauma 35, 128–131.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Johnston, PV 1988. Lipid modulation of immune responses. In Nutrition and immunology (ed. RK Chandra), pp. 37–86. Alan R. Liss, Inc., New York, USA.Google Scholar
Kehrli, ME, Goff, JP 1989. Periparturient hypocalcemia in cows: effects on peripheral blood neutrophil and lymphocyte function. Journal of Dairy Science 72, 1188–1196.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Kehrli, ME, Harp, JA 2001. Immunity in the mammary gland. Veterinary Clinics of North America 17, 495–516.Google Scholar
Kehrli, ME, Goff, JP, Harp, JA, Thurston, JR, Norcross, NL 1990. Effects of preventing periparturient hypocalcemia in cows by parathyroid hormone administration on hematology, conglutinin, immunoglobulin, and shedding of staphylococcus aureus in milk. Journal of Dairy Science 73, 2103–2111.Google Scholar
Kimura, K, Goff, JP, Kehrli, ME, Harp, JA 1999. Phenotype analysis of peripheral blood mononuclear cells in periparturient dairy cows. Journal of Dairy Science 82, 315–319.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Lessard, M, Gagnon, N, Godson, DL, Petit, HV 2004. Influence of parturition and diets enriched in n-3 or n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids on immune response of dairy cows during the transition period. Journal of Dairy Science 87, 2197–2210.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Mallard, BA 1999. The peripartum period. In Proceedings of the North American Coliform Mastitis Symposium, Merial Inc., Denver, USA, p. 45.Google Scholar
Mallard, BA, Dehhers, JC, Ireland, MJ, Leslie, KE, Sharif, S, Lacey Vankampen, C, Wagter, L, Wilkie, BN 1998. Alteration in immune responsiveness during the peripartum period and its ramification on dairy cow and calf health. Journal of Dairy Science 81, 585–594.Google Scholar
Manzoni, JT, Gotho, H, Gidlund, M, García, MC, Torrinhas, R, Mirtes, SM, Linetzky, WD 2009. Anti-inflammatory effect of parenteral fish oil lipid emulsion on human activated mononuclear leukocytes. Nutricion Hospitalaria 24, 288–296.Google Scholar
Mascioli, J, Dohoo, IR, Duizer, G 1989. Endotoxin challenge after menhaden oil diet: effects on survival of guinea pigs. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 49, 277–282.Google Scholar
Massi, P, Sacerdote, P, Ponti, W, Fuzio, D, Manfredi, B, Viganò, D, Rubino, T, Bardotti, M, Parolaro, D 1998. Immune function in mice tolerant to Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol: functional and biochemical parameters. Journal of Neuroimmunology 92, 60–66.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Moroni, P, Antonini, M, Luzi, F, Cattaneo, D, Savoini, G, Bronzo, V 2002. Prevalence of coagulase negative staphylococci (CNS) and correlation with somatic cell counts in Italian dairy goat herds. Journal of Dairy Science 85, S292.Google Scholar
National Mastitis Council 1999. Laboratory handbook on bovine mastitis, 2nd edition. Madison, USA, p. 222.Google Scholar
Paltrinieri, S, Ponti, W, Comazzi, S, Giordano, A, Poli, G 2003. Shifts in circulating lymphocyte subsets in cats with feline infectious peritonitis (FIP): pathogenic role and diagnostic relevance. Veterinary Immunology and Immunopathology 96, 141–148.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Petit, HV 2002. Digestion, milk production, milk composition, and blood composition of dairy cows fed whole flaxseed. Journal of Dairy Science 85, 1482–1490.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Pisani, LF, Lecchi, C, Invernizzi, G, Sartorelli, P, Savoini, G, Ceciliani, F 2009. In vitro modulatory effect of v-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid (EPA and DHA) on phagocytosis and ROS production of goat neutrophils. Veterinary Immunology and Immunopathology 131, 79–85. doi:10.1016/j.vetimm.2009.03.018.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Poli, G, Turin, L, Rocchi, M, Ponti, W 1996. Reactivity of monoclonal antibodies of the B cell panel on PBM from BLV-infected and lymphocytotic cows. Veterinary Immunology and Immunopathology 52, 295–299.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Pomposelli, JJ, Mascioli, EA, Bistrian, BR, Lopezand, SM, Blackburn, GL 1989. Attenuation of the febrile response in guinea pigs by fish oil enriched diets. Journal of Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition 13, 136–140.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Puertollano, MA, Pablo, MA, de Alvarez de Cienfuegos, G 2002. Relevance of dietary lipids as modulators of immune functions in cells infected with Listeria monocytogenes. Clinical and Diagnostic Laboratory Immunology 9, 352–357.Google ScholarPubMed
Santucci, PM, Branca, A, Napoleone, M, Bouche, R, Poisot, F, Aumont, G, Alexandre, G 1991. Body condition score of goats in extensive condition. In Goat nutrition (ed. P Morand-Fehr), vol. 46, pp. 240–255. Pudoc Publishers, Netherlands.Google Scholar
Sanz Sampelayo, MR, Chilliard, Y, Schmidely, PH, Boza, J 2007. Influence of type of diet on the fat constituents of goat and sheep milk. Small Ruminant Research 68, 42–63.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
SAS Institute 2006. User’s guide version 9.1: statistics. SAS Institute, Cary, NC.Google Scholar
Schmidely, PH, Sauvant, D 2001. Fat content and composition of small ruminant milk: effects of fat content in the concentrate. INRA Productions Animales 14, 337–354.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Shafer-Weaver, KA, Pighetti, GM, Sordillo, LM 1996. Diminished mammary gland lymphocyte functions parallel shifts in trafficking patterns during the postpartum period. Proceedings of the Society for Experimental Biology and Medicine 212, 271–280.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Stella, AV, Paratte, R, Valnegri, L, Cigalino, G, Soncini, G, Chevaux, E, Dell’Orto, V, Savoini, G 2007. Effect of administration of live Saccharomyces cerevisiae on milk production, milk composition, blood metabolites, and faecal flora in early lactating dairy goats. Small Ruminant Research 67, 7–13.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Stenson, WF, Cort, D, Rodgers, J, Burakoff, R, DeSchryver-Kecskemeti, K, Gramlich, TL, Beeken, W 1992. Dietary supplementation with fish oil in ulcerative colitis. Annals of Internal Medicine 116, 609–614.Google Scholar
Van den Top, AM, Van’t Klooster, AT, Wensing, T, Wentik, GH, Beynen, AC 1995. Liver triacylglycerol concentration around parturition in goats with either pre-partum restricted or free access to feed. Veterinary Quarterly 17, 54–59.Google Scholar
Van Kampen, C, Mallard, BA, Wilkie, BN 1999. Adhesion molecules and lymphocyte subsets in milk and blood of periparturient holstein cows. Veterinary Immunology and Immunopathology 69, 23–32.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
White, EC, Hinckley, LS 1999. Prevalence of mastitis pathogens in goat milk. Small Ruminant Research 33, 112–117.Google Scholar