Hostname: page-component-7479d7b7d-8zxtt Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-07-10T12:21:39.877Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Nutritional evaluation of wheat. 2. The sequence of limiting amino acids in wheats of different protein content as determined with growing rats

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  02 September 2010

M. Ivan  and
D. J. Farrell
M. Ivan
Affiliation:
Department of Biochemistry and Nutrition, University of New England, Armidale, NSW 2351, Australia
D. J. Farrell
Affiliation:
Department of Biochemistry and Nutrition, University of New England, Armidale, NSW 2351, Australia
Get access

Summary

1. Weanling male rats were used in three experiments to evaluate the sequence of limiting amino acids for maximum growth with diets based on wheats containing 10, 13 or 17% crude protein (N×5·71).

2. Lysine was the first-limiting, threonine the second-limiting, and valine or methionine the third- or fourth-limiting amino acid for growth rate and feed-conversion ratio of rats offered the diet based on wheat containing 10% crude protein. A further four amino acids (isoleucine, histidine, tryptophan and tyrosine) were limiting for feed-conversion ratio only.

3. For the diet based on wheat containing 13% crude protein the sequence of limiting amino acids was lysine, threonine and methionine.

4. Only lysine was limiting in the diet based on wheat containing 17% crude protein.

5. Plasma-free amino-acid concentrations were found to be a valuable criterion for prediction of the first-limiting amino acid in diets.

6. Improvement of growth and feed-conversion ratio was observed with diets based on wheat containing 17 or 13% crude protein when the limiting amino acids were supplemented to provide the recommended allowance. Further improvement in feed-conversion ratio was obtained when lysine and threonine were provided in excess of the recommended allowances.

7. There was a lysine-threonine interaction affecting growth rate and feed-conversion ratio, and a lysine-me.thionine interaction affecting feed-conversion ratio.

Type
Research Article
Information
Animal Production , Volume 20 , Issue 1 , February 1975 , pp. 77 - 91
Copyright
Copyright © British Society of Animal Science 1975

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

REFERENCES

Atkinson, J. and Carpenter, K. J. 1970. Nutritive value of meat meals. III. Value of meat meals as supplements to a cereal basal diet: limiting amino acids in these diets. J. Sci. Fd Agric. 21: 373–376.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Duncan, D. B. 1955. Multiple range and multiple F tests. Biometrics 11: 1–42.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gray, J. A., Olsen, E. M., Hill, D. C. and Branion, H. C. 1960. Effect of a dietary lysine deficiency on the concentration of amino acids in the deproteinized blood plasma of chicks. Can. J. Biochem. Physiol. 38: 435–441.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Hepburn, F. N., Calhoun, W. K. and Bradley, W. B. 1966. The biological availability of essential amino acids in wheat, flour, bread and gluten. Cereal Chem. 43: 271–283.Google Scholar
Hepburn, F. N., Lewis, E. W. Jr. and Elvehjem, C. A. 1957. The amino acid content of wheat, flour, and bread. Cereal Chem. 34: 312–322.Google Scholar
Hill, D. A. and Olsen, E. M. 1963. Effect of starvation and a non-protein diet on blood plasma amino acids, and observations on the detection of amino acids limiting growth of chicks fed purified diets. J. Nutr. 79: 303–310.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ivan, M., Clack, D. J. and White, G. J. 1974. Improved nitrogen distillation apparatus. Lab. Pract. 23: 184–185.Google Scholar
Johnson, V. A., Mattern, P. J. and Schmidt, J. W. 1970. The breeding of wheat and maize with improved nutritional value. Proc. Nutr. Soc. 29: 20–31.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
McLaughlan, J. M. 1964. Blood amino acid studies. V. Determination of the limiting amino acid in diets. Can. J. Biochem. Physiol. 42: 1353–1360.Google ScholarPubMed
May, C. E. and Rose, E. R. 1922. The tryptophan content of some proteins. J. Btol. Chem. 54: 213–216.Google Scholar
Morrison, A. B., Middleton, E. J. and McLaughlan, J. M. 1961. Blood amino acid studies. II. Effects of dietary lysine concentration, sex, and growth rate on plasma free lysine and threonine levels in the rat. Can. J. Biochem. Physiol. 39: 1675–1680.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Müller, Z. and Rozman, J. 1968. Monocereální diety obohacene lysinem, treoninem, tryptofanem a metioninem u prasat ve výkrmu. Biol. Chem. Výživy Zvížat 4(5-6): 433–440.Google Scholar
National Research Council. 1962. Committee on Animal Nutrition. Nutrition Requirements of Domestic Animals. No. 10. Nutrient Requirements of Laboratory Animals. Publn No. 990. National Research Council, Washington, DC.Google Scholar
Price, S. A. 1950. The amino acid composition of whole wheat in relation to its protein content. Cereal Chem. 27: 73–74.Google Scholar
Roach, A. G., Sanderson, P. and Williams, D. R. 1967. Comparison of methods for the determination of available lysine value in animal and vegetable protein sources. J. Sci. Fd Agric. 18: 274–278.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Ruane, D. J., Caffrey, P. J., Kelleher, D. L., O'connell, W. J. and Aherne, F. X. 1970. Effect of protein level in milo- and barley-based diets on the performance of pigs and rats. Ir. J. agric. Res. 9: 345–355.Google Scholar
Scharff, R. and Wool, I. G. 1964. Concentration of amino-acids in rat muscle and plasma. Nature, Lond. 202: 603–604.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Schwarz, K. 1970. An agent promoting growth of rats fed amino acid diets (Factor G). J. Nutr. 100: 1487–1500.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Schwarz, K., Smith, J. C. and Oda, T. A. 1966. Factor G, an agent promoting growth of animals on aminoacid diets. Fedn Proc. Fedn Am Socs exp. Biol. 25: 542 (Abstr.).Google Scholar
Schwarz, K., Smith, J. C. and Oda, T. A. 1967. Factor G, a growth-promoting agent. Lancet, 1: 732–732.Google Scholar
Scott, H. M. 1972. Amino acids in avian nutrition. 2. Development and application of amino acid diets. Poult. Sci. 51: 9–16.Google Scholar
Shoup, F. K., Pomeranz, Y. and Deyoe, C. W. 1966. Amino acid composition of wheat varieties and flours varying widely in bread making potentialities. J. Food Sci. 31: 94–101.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Slmmonds, D. H. 1962. Variations in the amino acid composition of Australian wheats and flours. Cereal Chem. 39: 445–455.Google Scholar
Sowers, J. E., Stockland, W. L. and Meade, R. J. 1972. L-methionine and L-cystine requirements of the growing rat. J. Anim. Sci. 35: 782–788.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Spackman, D. H., Stein, W. H. and Moore, S. 1958. Automatic recording apparatus for use in the chromatography of amino acids. Analyt. Chem. 30: 1190–1206.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Steel, R. G. D. and Torrie, J. H. 1960. Principles and Procedures of Statistics. McGraw-Hill Book Co Inc, New York.Google Scholar
Stockland, W. L., Meade, R. J. and Melliere, A. L. 1970. Lysine requirement of the growing rat: plasma free lysine as a response criterion. J. Nutr. 100: 925–934.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Warnick, R. E. and Anderson, J. O. 1967. Limiting essential amino acids in soybean meal for growing chickens and the effects of heat upon availability of the essential amino acids. Poult. Sci. 46: 281–287.Google Scholar
Yamashtta, K. and Ashtda, K. 1971. Effect of excessive levels of lysine and threonine on the metabolism of these amino acids in rats. J. Nutr. 101: 1607–1614.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Zimmerman, R. A. and Scott, H. M. 1965. Interrelationship of plasma amino acid levels and weight gain in the chick as influenced by suboptimal and superoptimal dietary concentrations of single amino acids. J. Nutr. 87: 13–18.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed