Hostname: page-component-5c6d5d7d68-vt8vv Total loading time: 0.001 Render date: 2024-08-16T05:36:41.621Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Chemical processing of wheat straw and cotton by-products for fattening cattle 3. Performance of animals receiving material in complete feeds†

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  02 September 2010

D. Levy ,
Z. Holzer  and
Y. Folman
D. Levy
Affiliation:
Nve Ya'ar Regional Experiment Station and the Volcani Center Agricultural Research Organization, Bet Dagan, Israel
Z. Holzer
Affiliation:
Nve Ya'ar Regional Experiment Station and the Volcani Center Agricultural Research Organization, Bet Dagan, Israel
Y. Folman
Affiliation:
Nve Ya'ar Regional Experiment Station and the Volcani Center Agricultural Research Organization, Bet Dagan, Israel
Get access

Abstract

The fibrous roughages, wheat straw (WS) and cotton stalks (CS), were left untreated or treated with 30 g sodium hydroxide per kg, and residual alkali was either neutralized with sulphuric acid or left unneutralized. All roughages were pelleted and used either in complete feeds or separately. The effects of these treatments on the nutritive value of the roughages were examined in digestibility trials in vitro and in vivo, and in a 7·month feeding trial of a factorial arrangement of 2 × 3 × 2, in which the roughages constituted 350 g/kg of the diets. Approximately 150 g/kg of the neutral-detergent fibre (cell wall) constituents of both roughages was solubilized by sodium hydroxide treatment, while the changes in acid-detergent fibre components (cellulose and lignin) were much smaller, although evident.

In vitro-dry matter digestibility of wheat straw was 22 % higher than that of cotton stalks, and its increase due to NaOH treatment was 50% and 30% for wheat straw and cotton stalks, respectively. In vivo digestibility of organic matter of wheat straw was increased from 0·47 to 0·59, and that of cotton stalks from 032 to 037. The increase was evident in all components except protein, in which digestibility was reduced. The increase in the metabolizable energy values of wheat straw from 6·86 to 7·45MJ/kg dry matter and that of cotton stalks from 4·77 to 5·10MJ/kg dry matter following sodium hydroxide treatment was not reflected in daily live-weight or carcass-weight gain in the feeding trial. The animals offered NaOH-treated roughages had significantly more fat trim, and more fat in the large depots. Including roughages in complete feeds revealed no advantage in metabolizable energy conversion into live weight.

Type
Research Article
Information
Animal Production , Volume 31 , Issue 1 , August 1980 , pp. 27 - 33
Copyright
Copyright © British Society of Animal Science 1980

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

REFERENCES

Duncan, D. B. 1955. Multiple-range and multiple-F tests. Biometrics 11: l–42.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gaillard, Blanche D. E. 1962. The relationship between the cell-wall constituents of roughages and the digestibility of the organic matter. J. agric. Sci., Camb. 59: 369–373.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Garrett, W. N., Walker, H. G., Kohler, G. O. and Hart, M. R. 1976. Feedlot response of beef steers to diets containing NaOH or NH3 treated rice straw. Proc. 15th California Feeders Day, pp. 39–47. University of California, Davis.Google Scholar
Goering, H. K. and Van Soest, P. J. 1970. Forage Fiber Analyses. Agric. Handbk No. 379. US Dep. Agric, Beltsville, Md.Google Scholar
Greenhalgh, J. F. D. 1976. Improving the nutritive value of straw by alkali treatment. A.R.C. Res. Rev. 2: 67–70.Google Scholar
Holzer, Z., Levy, D. and Folman, Y. 1978. Chemical processing of wheat straw and cotton by-products for fattening cattle. 2. Performance of animals receiving material after drying and pelleting. Anim. Prod. 27: 147–159.Google Scholar
Jackson, M. G. 1977. Review article: The alkali treatment of straws'. Anim. Feed Sci. Technol. 2: 105–130.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Klopfenstein, T. 1978. Chemical treatment of crop residues. J. Anim. Sci. 46: 841–848.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Levy, D., Holzer, Z., Neumark, H. and Folman, Y. 1977. Chemical processing of wheat straw and cotton by-products for fattening cattle. 1. Performance of animals receiving the wet material shortly after treatment. Anim. Prod. 25: 27–37.Google Scholar
Levy, D., Holzer, Z. and Volcani, R. 1968. The effect of age and live weight on feed conversion and yield of saleable meat of intact Israel Friesian male calves. Anim. Prod. 10: 325–330.Google Scholar
Mehmet, E. A. 1972. Improving the available energy value of barley straw by treatment with sodium hydroxide. M.Sc. Thesis, Univ. Aberdeen.Google Scholar
National Research Council. 1971. Atlas of Nutritional Data on United States and Canadian Feeds. National Academy of Science, Washington, DC.Google Scholar
Rexen, F., Stigsen, P. and Kristensen, V. F. 1976. The effect of a new alkali technique on the nutritive value of straws. In Feed Energy Sources for Livestock (ed. Swan, H. and Lewis, D.), pp. 65–82. Butterworth, London.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Round, R. M. 1976. Mechanical and chemical treatment of cereal straw to improve its feed value for ruminants. Tech. Inf. Circ. Livestock Branch, No. 27. Dep. Agric. Fish., S. Australia.Google Scholar
Tilley, J. M. A. and Terry, R. A. 1963. A two-stage technique for the in vitro digestion of forage crops. J. Br. Grassld Soc. 18: 104–111.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Van Soest, P. J. 1964. Symposium on nutrition and forage and pastures: New chemical procedures for evaluating forages. J. Anim. Sci. 23: 838–845.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Waller, J. C. 1976. Evaluation of sodium calcium and ammonium hydroxide for treating crop residues. M.Sc. Thesis, Univ. Nebraska.Google Scholar