Hostname: page-component-848d4c4894-r5zm4 Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-06-19T13:42:40.021Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Chemical composition and fermentation characteristics of grain and different parts of the stover from maize land races harvested at different growing periods in two zones of central Mexico

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  13 March 2007

J. G. Estrada-Flores ,
M. González-Ronquillo ,
F.L. Mould ,
C. M. Arriaga-Jordán  and
O. A. Castelán-Ortega
J. G. Estrada-Flores
Affiliation:
CICA
M. González-Ronquillo
Affiliation:
FMVZ, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Mé xico, Instituto Literario No. 100, Centro 50000, Toluca, Estado de Mé xico, México
F.L. Mould
Affiliation:
Department of Agriculture, University of Reading, Early Gate PO Box 237, Reading RG6 6AR, UK
C. M. Arriaga-Jordán
Affiliation:
CICA
O. A. Castelán-Ortega*
Affiliation:
CICA
*
† Email: oaco@uaemex.mx
Get access

Abstract

The objective of this work was to determine the rumen fermentation characteristics of maize land races used as forage in central Mexico. In vitro gas production (ml per 200 mg dry matter (DM)) incubations were carried out, and cumulative gas volumes were fitted to the Krishnamoorthy et al. (1991) model. The trial used a split-plot design with cultivation practices associated with maize colour (COL) as the main plot with three levels: white, yellow and black maize; growing periods (PER) were the split plots where PER1, PER2 and PER3 represented the first, second and third periods, respectively and two contrasting zones (Z1=valley and Z2=mountain) were used as blocking factors. The principal effects observed were associated with the maturity of the plants and potential gas production increased ( P<0·05) in stems (PER1=51·8, PER2=56·3, PER3=58·4 ml per 200 mg DM) and in whole plant (PER1=60·9, PER2=60·8, PER3=70·9 ml per 200 mg DM). An inverse effect was observed with fermentation rates in leaves ( P<0·01) with 0·061, 0·053 and 0·0509 (per h) and in whole plant ( P<0·05) with 0·068, 0·057, 0·050 (per h) in PER1, PER2 and PER3 respectively. The digestibility of the neutral-detergent fibre (NDF) decreased with maturity especially in leaves ( P<0·05) with values of 0·71, 0·67 and 0·66 g/kg; in rachis ( P<0·01) 0·75, 0·72, and 0·65 in PER1, PER2 and PER3 respectively. The NDF content in leaves in leaves (668, 705 and 713 g/kg DM for PER1, PER2 and PER3, respectively), stems (580, 594 and 644 g/kg DM) and, husk (663, 774 and, 808 g/kg DM) increased ( P<0·05) with increasing plant maturity, rachis were significantly different between periods ( P<0·01). The structure with the best nutritive characteristics was the husk, because it had the lowest fibre contents, especially in acid-detergent lignin, with values of 22·6, 28·6 and 37·6 g/kg DM in PER1, PER2 and PER3, respectively.

Keywords

gas productionhighlandsmaizestoversmallfarms
Type
Research Article
Information
Animal Science , Volume 82 , Issue 6 , December 2006 , pp. 845 - 852
Copyright
Copyright © British Society of Animal Science 2006

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Agricultural and Food Research Council (1993) Energy and protein requirements of ruminants An advisory manual prepared by the AFRC Technical Committee on Responses to Nutrients Wallingford CAB InternationalGoogle Scholar
Arellano-Hernández, A.Arriaga-Jordán, C. (2001) Why improved maize ( Zea mays ) varieties are utopias in the highlands of central México Convergencia 25: 255–276Google Scholar
Arriaga-Jordán, C.Espinoza, O.A.Castelán, O.O.Rojo, G.H.Valdés, M.J.L.Albarrán, P.B. (1997) Resultados de investigación participativa rural en el mejoramiento de sistemas de producción de leche en pequeña escala en el Estado de México In Investigación para el desarrollo rural. Diez años de experiencia del CICA Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México Centro de Investigación en Ciencias Agropecuarias X aniversarioGoogle Scholar
Blümmel, M.Aiple, K.P.Steingaβ, H.Becker, K. (1999) A note on the steichiometrical relationship of short chain fatty acid production and gas formation in vitro in feedstuffs of widely differing quality Journal of Animal Physiology and Animal Nutrition 81: 157–167CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Castelán-Ortega, O. A. 1999. A decision support system for campesino maize-cattle production systems of the Toluca Valley in Centro Mexico. A thesis submitted for the degree of doctor of philosophy. Institute of Ecology and Resource Management. University of Edinburgh.Google Scholar
Castelán-Ortega, O.A.Fawcett, R.H.Arriaga-Jordan, C.Herrero, M. (2000) Integrating simulation models to support decision making by campesino meize-cattle farmers of the Toluca Valley in Central Mexico. Progress of Agricultural Information Technology. Edited by Chunjiang Zhao.Beijing, ChinaInternational Academic Publishers pp 156–167Google Scholar
Castelán, O.O.Fawcett, R.H.Arriaga, J.C.Herrero, M. (2003) A decision support system for smallholder Campesino Maize-Cattle production systems of the Toluca Valley in Central Mexico. Part 1. Integrating biological and socio-economic models into a holistic system Agricultural Systems 75: 1–21CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Castelán, O. O.Mathewman, R.W.Fawcett, R.Smith, A.González, M.E.Burgos, G.R.De la Cruz, J. (1997a) Caracterización y evaluación de los sistemas campesinos de producción de leche, el caso de dos comunidades del Valle de Toluca. En: Investigación para el desarrollo rural Diez años de experiencia del CICA Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México Centro de Investigación en Ciencias Agropecuarias X aniversarioGoogle Scholar
Castelán, O. O.Matthewman, R.W.Gonzalez, M.E.Burgos, G.R. (1997b) Caracterización y evaluación de los sistemas Campesinos de producción de leche. El caso de dos comunidades del Valle de Toluca Ciencia Ergo Sum 4: 316–326Google Scholar
Getachew, G., Makkar, H. P. S., and Becker, K. 2000. Stoichiometric relationship between short chain fatty acid and in vitro gas production in presence and absence of polyethylene glycol for tanning containing browses. EAAP satellite symposium on gas production: fermentation kinetics for feed evaluation and to assess microbial activity, 18–19 August, Wageningen, The Netherlands, pp. 18–19Google Scholar
Getachew, G.Makkar, H.P. S.Becker, K. (2002) Tropical browses: contents of phenolic compounds in vitro gas production and stoichiometric relationship between short chain fatty acid and in vitro gas production Journal of Agricultural Science 139: 341–352CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Getachew, G.Robinson, P.H.DePeters, E.J.Taylor, S.J. (2004) Relationships between chemical composition, dry matter fermentation and in vitro gas production of several ruminant feeds Animal Feed Science and Technology 111: 57–71CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Grafit (1992) Version 3: data analysis and graphics program Erithacus Software Ltd, University of EdinburghGoogle Scholar
Herrero, M.Jessop, N.S. (1996) Relationship between in vitro gas production and neutral-detergent fibre disappearence in three tropical grasses Animal Science 62: 682 (abstr.)Google Scholar
Jessop, N.S.Herrero, M. (1996) Influence of soluble components on parameter estimation using the in vitro gas production technique Animal Science 62: 626–627 (abstr.)Google Scholar
Krishnamoorthy, U.Soller, H.Steingass, H.Menke, K.H. (1991) A comparative study on rumen fermentation of energy supplements in vitro Journal Animal Physiology Animal Nutrition 65: 28–35CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Makkar, H. P. S. 2004. Recent advances in the in vitro gas method for evaluation of nutritional quality of feed resources. In Animal production and health, pp. 55–88. FAO. Food and Agriculture Organization of United Nations, Rome.Google Scholar
Mauricio, A.R.M.Owen, E.Mould, F.L.Givens, I.Theodorou, M.K.France, J.Davis, D.R.Dhanoa, M.S. (2001) Comparison of bovine rumen liquor and bovine faeces as inoculum for an in vitro gas production technique for evaluating forages Animal Feed Science and Technology 89: 33–48CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Menke, K.H.Steingass, H. (1988) Estimation of the energetic feed value obtained from chemical analyses and in vitro gas production using rumen fluid Animal Research and Development 28: 7–55Google Scholar
Minitab (2000) Version 13: user's guide 2: data analysis and quality tools Minitab USAGoogle Scholar
Nagadi, S.Herrero, M.Jessop, N.S. (2000a) The effect of fermentable nitrogen availability on in vitro gas production and degradability of NDF Animal Feed Science and Technology 87: 241–251CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Nagadi, S.Herrero, M.Jessop, N.S. (2000b) The influence of diet of the donor animal on the initial bacterial concentration of ruminal fluid and in vitro gas production degradability parameters Animal Feed Science and Technology 87: 231–239CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Pell, A.N.Schofield, P. (1993b) Computerised monitoring of gas production to measure forage digestion in vitro Journal Dairy Science 76: 1063–1073CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Phipps, R.H.Sutton, J.D.Beever, D.E.Jones, A.K. (2000) The effect of crop maturity on the nutritional value of maize silage for lactating dairy cows. 3. Food intake and milk production Animal Science 71: 401–409CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Tolera, A.Sundstøl, F. (1999) Morphological fractions of maize stover harvested at different stages of grain maturity and nutritive value of different fractions of the stover Animal Feed Science and Technology 81: 1–16CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Soest, P.J. (1994) Nutritional ecology of the ruminant 2nd ed. Ithaca, NY Cornell University Press.Google Scholar
Van Soest, P.J.Robertson, J.B.Lewis, B.A. (1991) Methods for dietary fibre, neutral detergent fibre, and nonstarch polysaccharides in relation to animal nutrition Journal Dairy Science 74: 3583–3597CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Vieyra-Odilon, L.Vibrans H. (2001) Weeds as crops: The value of maize field weeds in the valley of Toluca, Mexico Economic Botany 55: 426–443CrossRefGoogle Scholar