Hostname: page-component-848d4c4894-xfwgj Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-06-27T18:46:24.555Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Amino acid requirements of growing pigs. 7. The response of pigs from 25 to 55 kg live weight to dietary ideal protein

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  02 September 2010

H. T. Yen ,
D. J. A. Cole  and
D. Lewis
H. T. Yen
Affiliation:
University of Nottingham School of Agriculture, Sutton Bonington, Loughborough LE12 5RD
D. J. A. Cole
Affiliation:
University of Nottingham School of Agriculture, Sutton Bonington, Loughborough LE12 5RD
D. Lewis
Affiliation:
University of Nottingham School of Agriculture, Sutton Bonington, Loughborough LE12 5RD
Get access

Abstract

One hundred and twenty pigs were used in a 3 × 8 factorial design. The factors were sex, 40 trios of littermate boars, castrated males and gilts, and dietary lysine, eight concentrations from 7×5 to 14×5 g/kg diet with 1 g/kg diet intervals of lysine with corresponding crude protein (CP) concentrations from 114 to 226 g/kg diet. Increases in dietary lysine were associated with concomitant increases in the other essential amino acids so as to provide an ideal protein. All diets had similar digestible energy values (13·65 MJ/kg). Pigs were fed once daily on a restricted scale from 25 to 55 kg live weight. For growth and carcass characteristics there was a range of linear response followed by a plateau. The inflexion points of dietary lysine for growth characteristics were at 11·1, 10·2 and 10·9 g/kg diet (171, 157 and 168 g CP per kg diet) together with daily intakes of 18·0, 16·7 and 17·6 g (daily intake of 277, 257 and 271 g CP) for boars, castrated males and gilts respectively. The equivalent points for carcass characteristics were 10·4, 9·7 and 10·1 g/kg (160, 149 and 156 g CP per kg diet) with daily intakes of 16·9, 15·9 and 16·4 g lysine (daily intakes of 260, 245 and 252 g CP). Blood urea data gave good support for these observations.

Type
Research Article
Information
Animal Production , Volume 43 , Issue 1 , August 1986 , pp. 141 - 154
Copyright
Copyright © British Society of Animal Science 1986

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

REFERENCES

Agricultural Research Council. 1967. The Nutrient Requirements of Farm Livestock. No. 3, Pigs. Agricultural Research Council, London.Google Scholar
Agricultural Research Council. 1981. The Nutrient Requirements of Pigs. Commonwealth Agricultural Bureaux, Slough.Google Scholar
Association of Official Agricultural Chemists. 1975. Official Methods of Analysis. 12th ed. Association of Official Agricultural Chemists, Washington, DC.Google Scholar
Back, H. L., Buttery, P. J. and Gregson, K. 1972. A new method for the computation of amino acid chromatograms. Journal of Chromatography 68: 103–109.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Braude, R., Fulford, R. J., Mitchell, K. G., Myres, A. W. and Porter, J. W. G. 1974. Performance and blood plasma amino acid and urea concentrations in growing pigs given diets of cereals and groundnut meal and supplemented with graded amounts of L-lysine. Livestock Production Science 1: 383–400.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Buttery, P. J. and Soar, J. B. 1975. A spectrofluorimetric assay of the tryptophan content of feedstuffs. Journal of Science of Food and Agriculture, 26: 1273–1277.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cole, D. J. A. 1979. Amino acid nutrition of the pig. In Recent Advances in Animal Nutrition – 1978 (ed Haresign, W. and Lewis, D.), p. 59–72. Butterworths, London.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Denckla, W. D. and Dewey, H. R. 1967. Determination of tryptophan in plasma, liver and urine. Journal of Laboratory and Clinical Medicine 69: 160–169.Google ScholarPubMed
Harrington, G. 1958. Pig carcass evaluation. Technical communication. Commonwealth Bureau of Animal Breeding and Genetics, Edinburgh No. 12.Google Scholar
Henry, Y., Pion, R. and Rerat, A. 1976. Protein supply for pigs and possibilities of reducing protein feeding standards. World Review of Animal Production, XII 1, 9-32.Google Scholar
Henry, Y., Rérat, A. and Tomassone, R. 1971. Etude du besoin en lysine du pore en croissance-finition. Application de l'analyse multidimensionelle. Annales de Zootechnie, 21: 521–550.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Klay, R. F. 1964. The lysine requirement for growth of the pig at four protein levels. Journal of Animal Science 23: 881 (Abstr.).Google Scholar
Luce, W. G., Johnson, R. K. and Walters, L. E. 1976. Effects of level of crude protein on performance of growing boars. Journal of Animal Science 42: 1207–1210.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Marsh, W. H., Fingerhut, B. and Miller, H. 1965. Automated and manual direct methods for the determination of blood urea. Clinical Chemistry 11: 624–627.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
McWard, G. W., Becker, D. E., Norton, H. W., Terrill, S. W. and Jensen, A. H. 1959. The lysine requirement of weanling swine at two levels of dietary protein. Journal of Animal Science 18: 1059–1066.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Mitchell, J. R., Becker, D. E., Harmon, B. G., Norton, H. W. and Jensen, A. H. 1968. Some amino acid, needs of the young pig fed on semi-synthetic diet. Journal of Animal Science 27: 1322–1326.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Moore, S. 1963. On the determination of cystine as cysteic acid. Journal of Biological Chemistry 238: 235–237.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
National Research Council. 1973. Nutrient Requirements of Domestic Animals. No. 2. Nutrient Requirements of Swine. 7th ed. National Academy of Science, Washington, DC.Google Scholar
Pay, M. G. and Davies, T. E. 1973. Growth, food conversion and carcass characteristics in castrated and entire male pigs fed three different dietary protein levels. Journal of Agricultural Science, Cambridge 81: 65–68.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Snedecor, G. W. and Cochran, W. G. 1967. Statistical Methods. 6th ed. Iowa State College Press, Ames, Ia.Google Scholar
Southern, L. L. and Baker, D. H. 1983. Arginine requirement of the young pig. Journal of Animal Science 57: 402–412.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Spackman, G. W., Stein, W. H. and Moore, S. 1958. Automatic recording apparatus for use in the chromatography of amino acids. Analytical Chemistry 30: 1190–1206.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Taylor, A. J., Cole, D. J. A. and Lewis, D. 1979. Amino acid requirements of growing pigs. 1. Effects of reducing protein level in diets containing high levels of lysine. Animal Production 29: 327–338.Google Scholar
Taylor, A. J., Cole, D. J. A. and Lewis, D. 1981. Amino acid requirements of growing pigs. 2. Identification of the limiting amino acid(s) in a low protein diet supplemented with lysine. Animal Production 33: 87–97.Google Scholar
Taylor, A. J., Cole, D. J. A. and Lewis, D. 1982. Amino acid requirements of growing pigs. 3. Threonine. Animal Production 34: 1–8.Google Scholar
Taylor, S. J., Cole, D. J. A. and Lewis, D. 1983. Amino acid requirements of growing pigs. 4. Methionine plus cystine. Animal Production 37: 265–274.Google Scholar
Taylor, S. J., Cole, D. J. A. and Lewis, D. 1984. Amino acid requirements of growing pigs. 5. The interaction between isoleucine and leucine. Animal Production 38: 257–261.Google Scholar
Taylor, S. J., Cole, D. J. A. and Lewis, D. 1985. Amino acid requirements of growing pigs. 6. Isoleucine. Animal Production 40: 153–160.Google Scholar
Tyler, R. W., Luce, W. G., Johnson, R. K., Maxwell, C. V., Hintz, R. L. and Walters, L. E. 1983. The effects of level of crude protein on performance of growing boars. Journal of Animal Science 57: 364–372.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Williams, W. D., Cromwell, G. L., Stahly, T. S. and Overfield, J. R. 1984. The lysine requirement of the growing boar versus barrow. Journal of Animal Science 58: 657–665.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed