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Identification and phenotypic characterization of goat ecotypes in the Bench Maji zone, southwestern Ethiopia

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  21 November 2013

Tegegn Fantahun ,
Kefyalew Alemayehu  and
Solomon Abegaz
Tegegn Fantahun*
Affiliation:
Department of Animal Science, Mizan-Tepi University, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Mizan-Teferi, Ethiopia
Kefyalew Alemayehu
Affiliation:
Department of Animal Production and Technology, Bahir Dar University, College of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia
Solomon Abegaz
Affiliation:
Institute of Biodiversity Conservation, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
*
Correspondence to: T. Fantahun, Mizan-Tepi University, P.O. Box 260, Mizan-Teferi, Ethiopia. email: tegefanta@yahoo.com
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Summary

The aim of the study was to identify and characterize the phenotype of goat genetic resources in the Bench Maji zone, south western Ethiopia. Focus group discussions, observation of physical attributes and morphology, and morphometrical measurements were employed for data collection. Descriptive statistics, chi-square tests, general linear model (GLM) and two-step cluster analysis were employed to analyse the data. The results of the analyses revealed that 90.7 percent of the female and 88.4 percent of the male goats have straight facial profile. Horns in the majority of females (85.7 percent) and males (73.4 percent) are straight with backward direction in 72.6 percent of females and 84.2 percent of males. In most cases the female goats lack ruffs (88.2 percent), wattles (73.8 percent) and beards (68.3 percent). Averaged quantitative traits of the female population were 56.97 ± 0.21 cm; 70.15 ± 0.27 cm, 60.08 ± 0.17 cm and 26.36 ± 0.21 kg for body length, chest girth, height at withers and body weight, respectively. The corresponding values of the male population were 60.81 ± 0.35 cm, 75.04 ± 0.50 cm, 64.47 ± 0.32 cm and 31.02 ± 0.50 kg, respectively. Goats from the different districts have shown significant (P < 0.01) differences in body length, height at withers and body weight of female and chest girth and body weight of males. 48 and 52 percent of the goat populations were distributed under two clusters indicating that the goat populations can be classified into two ecotypes (Meanit and Sheko).

Résumé

Le but de cette étude a été d'identifier et de caractériser le phénotype des ressources génétiques caprines de la zone Bench Maji, dans le Sud-Ouest de l'Éthiopie. Pour la collecte de l'information, il a été fait recours à des groupes focaux de discussion, à l'observation d'attributs physiques et de la morphologie et à la prise de mesures morphométriques. La statistique descriptive, le test chi-carré, le Modèle Linéaire Généralisé et l'analyse de regroupement en deux étapes ont été utilisés pour analyser les données. Les résultats des analyses ont montré que, pour le 90,7 pour cent des femelles et le 88,4 pour cent des mâles, la tête a un profil rectiligne. Chez la plupart des femelles (85,7 pour cent) et des mâles (73,4 pour cent), les cornes sont droites, dirigées en arrière chez le 72,6 pour cent des femelles et le 84,2 pour cent des mâles. Dans la plupart des cas, les femelles manquent de crinière sur l'encolure (88,2 pour cent), de pendeloques (73,8 pour cent) et de barbiche (68,3 pour cent). Pour les femelles, la longueur du corps, la circonférence thoracique, la taille au garrot et le poids corporel ont été, en moyenne, de 56,97 ± 0,21vcm, 70,15 ± 0,27 cm, 60,08 ± 0,17 cm et 26,36 ± 0,21 kg, respectivement. Chez la population de mâles, les valeurs correspondantes ont été de 60,81 ± 0,35 cm, 75,04 ± 0,50 cm, 64,47 ± 0,32 cm et 31,02 ± 0,50 kg, respectivement. Des différences significatives (P < 0,01) ont été décelées, entre chèvres de différents districts, pour la longueur du corps, la taille au garrot et le poids corporel des femelles, et la circonférence thoracique et le poids corporel des mâles. Les populations caprines ont été regroupées en deux types (48 et 52 pour cent des effectifs), ce qui indique que celles-ci peuvent être classées selon deux écotypes (Meanit et Sheko).

Resumen

El objetivo del estudio era identificar y caracterizar el fenotipo de los recursos genéticos caprinos de la zona de Bench Maji, en el Suroeste de Etiopía. Para la recogida de la información, se recurrió a grupos focales de discusión, a la observación de atributos físicos y de la morfología y a la toma de medidas morfométricas. Para analizar los datos, se utilizaron la estadística descriptiva, el test chi-cuadrado, el Modelo Lineal Generalizado y el análisis de conglomerados en dos fases. Los resultados de los análisis mostraron que el 90,7 por ciento de las hembras y el 88,4 por ciento de los machos tienen perfil recto. En la mayoría de las hembras (85,7 por ciento) y de los machos (73,4 por ciento), los cuernos son rectos, dirigidos hacia atrás en el 72,6 por ciento de las hembras y el 84,2 por ciento de los machos. En la mayoría de los casos, las hembras carecen de pelliza (88,2 por ciento), de mamellas (73,8 por ciento) y de perilla (68,3 por ciento). En la población de hembras, la longitud corporal, la circunferencia torácica, la alzada a la cruz y el peso corporal ascendieron, de media, a 56,97 ± 0,21 cm, 70,15 ± 0,27 cm, 60,08  ±  0,17 cm y 26,36 ± 0,21 kg, respectivamente. Los valores correspondientes, para la población de machos, fueron de 60,81 ± 0,35 cm, 75,04 ± 0,50 cm, 64,47 ± 0,32 cm y 31,02 ± 0,50 kg, respectivamente. Se han dado diferencias significativas (P < 0,01), entre cabras de distintos distritos, para la longitud corporal, la alzada a la cruz y el peso corporal de las hembras, y para la circunferencia torácica y el peso corporal de los machos. Las poblaciones caprinas quedaron agrupadas, en un 48 y 52 por ciento, en dos conglomerados, lo cual indica que las poblaciones caprinas pueden ser clasificadas de acuerdo con dos ecotipos (Meanit y Sheko).

Keywords

Bench Maji zonecharacterizationecotypegoatphenotypezone Bench Majicaractérisationécotypecaprinsphénotypezona de Bench Majicaracterizaciónecotipocabrafenotipo
Type
Research Article
Information
Animal Genetic Resources/Resources génétiques animales/Recursos genéticos animales , Volume 53 , December 2013 , pp. 19 - 26
Copyright
Copyright © Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations 2013 

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