Hostname: page-component-848d4c4894-jbqgn Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-06-25T14:30:03.188Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

A TENTATIVE MODEL OF THE ORGANIZATION OF COPPER PRODUCTION IN THE TARASCAN STATE

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  20 November 2008

Blanca E. Maldonado*
Affiliation:
El Colegio de Michoacán, A.C., Extensión La Piedad, Cerro de Nahuatzen 85, Fracc. Jardines del Cerro Grande, 59379 La Piedad, Michoacan, Mexico
*
E-mail correspondence to:bem171@gmail.com

Abstract

At the time of the Spanish conquest, the main locus of metal production in Mesoamerica was the Tarascan region of western Mexico. Scholars have argued that mining and metallurgy evolved into a state industry, as metal adornments used as insignias of social status and public ritual became closely associated with political control. In spite of its importance, however, Tarascan metallurgy is poorly documented. The extractive processes involved and the organization of the different aspects of this production are virtually unknown. Numerous questions arise from the notion that metal items functioned as wealth finance in the economy of the Tarascan state of Late Postclassic period Michoacan. Foremost among these is whether and how wealth was produced and controlled by the central power. This paper combines archaeological and ethnohistorical data to propose a model for pre-Hispanic copper production among the Tarascans. The goal of this analysis is to gain insights into the nature of metal production and its role in the major state apparatus. This will also provide clues to a better understanding of the development of technology and political economy in ancient Mesoamerica.

Type
Special Section: Recent Research on the Emergence of the Tarascan State
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 2008

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

REFERENCES

Alcalá, Fray Jerónimo de 2000 [1541] Relación de las ceremonias y rictos y población y gobernación de los indios de la provincia de Mechuacan. El Colegio de Michoacán, Zamora.Google Scholar
Bachmann, Hans-Gert 1982 The Identification of Slags from Archaeological Sites. Institute of Archaeology, Occasional Publication No. 6. University College, London.Google Scholar
Barrett, Elinore M. 1987 The Mexican Colonial Copper Industry. University of New Mexico Press, Albuquerque.Google Scholar
Beltrán, Ulises 1986 Estado y sociedad tarascos. In La sociedad indígena en el centro y occidente de México, edited by Carrasco, Pedro, pp. 4562. El Colegio de Michoacán, Zamora.Google Scholar
Berdan, Frances F., and Anawalt, Patricia R. 1992 The Codex Mendoza. University of California Press, Berkeley.Google Scholar
Brumfiel, Elizabeth M., and Earle, Timothy K. 1987 Specialization, Exchange and Complex Societies: An Introduction. In Specialization, Exchange and Complex Societies, edited by Brumfiel, Elizabeth M. and Earle, Timothy K., pp. 19. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.Google Scholar
Carranza, Mario, López, Javier, Pérez, Alba E., and Yáñez, Carlos F.. (editors) 1995 Geological-Mining Monograph of the State of Michoacán. Consejo de Recursos Minerales, Centro Minero, Pachuca, Mexico.Google Scholar
Carrasco, Pedro 1986 Economía política en el reino tarasco. In La sociedad indígena en el centro y occidente de México, edited by Carrasco, Pedro, pp. 63102. El Colegio de Michoacán, Zamora.Google Scholar
Costin, Cathy L. 1991 Craft Specialization: Issues in Defining, Documenting, and Explaining the Organization of Production. In Archaeological Method and Theory, Vol. 3, edited by Schiffer, Michael B., pp. 156. University of Arizona Press, Tucson.Google Scholar
Craddock, Paul T. 2001 From Hearth to Furnace: Evidences for the Earliest Metal Smelting Technologies in the Eastern Mediterranean. Paléorient 26(2):151165.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Craine, Eugene R., and Reindorp, Reginald C. (editors) 1970 The Chronicles of Michoacán. University of Oklahoma Press, Norman.Google Scholar
D'Altroy, Terence N., and Earle, Timothy K. 1985 Staple Finance, Wealth Finance, and Storage in the Inka Political Economy. Current Anthropology 26:187206.Google Scholar
Davies, Sarah J., Metcalfe, Sarah E., MacKenzie, Angus B., Newton, Anthony J., Endfield, Georgina H., and Farmer, John G. 2004 Environmental Changes in the Zirahuén Basin, Michoacán, Mexico, during the Last 1000 Years. Journal of Paleolimnology 31:7798.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Forbes, Robert J. 1950 Metallurgy in Antiquity: A Notebook for Archaeologists and Technologists. E. J. Brill, Leiden.Google Scholar
García Alcaráz, Agustín 1976 Estratificación social entre los tarascos prehispánicos. In Estratificación social en la Mesoamérica prehispánica, edited by Carrasco, Pedro and Broda, Johanna, pp. 221244. Secretaría de Educación Pública-Instituto Nacional de Antropología e Historia, México.Google Scholar
Gorenstein, Shirley 1985 Acambaro: Frontier Settlement on the Tarascan–Aztec Border. Publications in Anthropology No. 32. Vanderbilt University, Nashville.Google Scholar
Gorenstein, Shirley, and Pollard, Helen P. 1983 The Tarascan Civilization: A Late Prehispanic Cultural System. Publications in Anthropology No. 28. Vanderbilt University, Nashville.Google Scholar
Grinberg, Dora M.K. de 1989 Tecnologías metalúrgicas tarascas. Ciencia y Desarrollo 15(89):3752.Google Scholar
Grinberg, Dora M.K. de 1990 Los señores del metal. Minería y metalurgia en Mesoamérica. Dirección General de Publicaciones del Consejo Nacional para la Cultura y las Artes/Pangea, Mexico City.Google Scholar
Grinberg, Dora M.K. de 1995 El Legajo 1204 del Archivo General de Indias, el Lienzo de Jucutacato y las minas prehispánicas de cobre del Ario, Michoacán. In Arqueología del norte y occidente de México, edited by Dahlgren, Barbo and Arechavaleta, María Dolores Soto de, pp. 211265. Instituto de Investigaciones Antropológicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City.Google Scholar
Grinberg, Dora M.K. de 1996 Técnicas minero–metalúrgicas en Mesoamérica. In Mesoamérica y los Andes, edited by Cervantes, Mayán, pp. 427471. Centro de Investigaciones y Estudios Superiores de Antropología Social, Mexico City.Google Scholar
Grinberg, Dora M.K. de 2004 ¿Qué sabían de fundición los antiguos habitantes de Mesoamérica? Ingenierías VII(22):6470.Google Scholar
Haskell, David L. 2003 History and the Construction of Hierarchy and Ethnicity in the Prehispanic Tarascan State: A Syntagmatic Analysis of the Relación de Michoacán. Unpublished Master's thesis, Department of Anthropology, University of Florida, Gainesville.Google Scholar
Hirth, Kenneth G. 1998 The Distributional Approach. Current Anthropology. 39:451476.Google Scholar
Horcasitas de Barros, Maria Luisa 1981 Una artesanía con raíces prehispánicas en Santa Clara del cobre. Colección Etnología, Instituto Nacional de Antropología e Historia, Mexico City.Google Scholar
Hosler, Dorothy 1988a Ancient West Mexican Metallurgy: South Central American Origins and West Mexican Transformations. American Anthropologist 90:832855.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hosler, Dorothy 1988b Ancient West Mexican Metallurgy: A Technological Chronology. Journal of Field Archaeology 15:191217.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hosler, Dorothy 1988c The Metallurgy of Ancient West Mexico. In The Beginning of the Use of Metals and Alloys, edited by Maddin, Robert, pp. 328343. MIT Press, Cambridge.Google Scholar
Hosler, Dorothy 1994 The Sounds and Colors of Power. MIT Press, Cambridge.Google Scholar
Hosler, Dorothy, and Macfarlane, Andrew 1996 Copper Sources, Metal Production, and Metals Trade in Late Postclassic Mesoamerica. Science 273:18191824.Google Scholar
Leroi-Gourhan, André G. 1964 Le geste at la parole. Albin Michelle, Paris.Google Scholar
Angelina, Macías Goytia 1990 Huandacareo: Lugar de juicios, tribunal. Serie Arqueología, Instituto Nacional de Antropología e Historia, Mexico City.Google Scholar
Maldonado, Blanca 2002 Modern Metallurgy, Prehispanic Roots: Coppersmithing in México. Paper presented at 67th Annual Meeting of the Society for American Archaeology, Denver.Google Scholar
Maldonado, Blanca 2003 Tarascan Copper Metallurgy at the Site of Itziparátzico, Michoacán, México. Report Submitted to the Foundation for the Advancement of Mesoamerican Studies, Inc., available online at www.famsi.org/reports/02063/index.html.Google Scholar
Maldonado, Blanca E., Rehren, Thilo, and Howell, Paul R. 2005 Archaeological Copper Smelting at Itziparátzico, Michoacan, Mexico. In Materials Issues in Art and Archaeology VII, edited by Vandiver, Pamela B., Mass, Jennifer L., and Murray, Alison, pp. 231240. Materials Research Society Symposium Proceedings 852, Warrendale, Penn.Google Scholar
Paredes Martínez, Carlos S. 1984 El tributo indígena en la región del lago de Patzcuaro. In Michoacán en el siglo XVI, edited by Paredes Martínez, Carlos S., pp. 21104. Colección Estudios Michoacanos VII, Fimax Publicistas, Morelia.Google Scholar
Paredes Martínez, Carlos S. 2004 Fragmentos de la historia de Santa Clara del cobre y del imperio español en la época colonial. In Ritmo del fuego: El arte y los artesanos de Santa Clara del Cobre, Michoacán, México, edited by Michele, Feder-Nadoff, pp. 154161. Fundación Cuentos, Chicago.Google Scholar
Pendergast, David M. 1962 Metal Artifacts in Prehispanic Mesoamerica. American Antiquity 27:520545.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Pollard, Helen P. 1982 Ecological Variation and Economic Exchange in the Tarascan State. American Ethnologist 9:250268.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Pollard, Helen P. 1987 The Political Economy of Prehispanic Tarascan Metallurgy. American Antiquity 52:741752.Google Scholar
Pollard, Helen P. 1993 Tariacuri's Legacy: The Prehispanic Tarascan State. University of Oklahoma Press, Norman.Google Scholar
Pollard, Helen P. 1994 Ethnicity and Political Control in a Complex Society: The Tarascan State of Prehispanic Mexico. In Factional Competition and Political Development in the New World, edited by Brumfiel, Elizabeth M. and Fox, John W., pp. 7988. University of Cambridge Press, Cambridge.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Pollard, Helen P. 1995 Estudio del surgimiento del Estado tarasco: Investigaciones recientes. In Arqueología del occidente y norte de México, edited by Williams, Eduardo and Weigand, Phil C., pp. 2964. El Colegio de Michoacán, Zamora.Google Scholar
Pollard, Helen P. 1997 Recent Research in West Mexican Archaeology. Journal of Archaeological Research 5:345384.Google Scholar
Pollard, Helen P. 2005 Desarrollo del Estado tarasco: Proyecto Erongarícuaro. Informe técnico parcial de la Temporada 1 (campo), 2001 y la Temporada 2 (laboratorio), 2002–2004. Manuscript on file, Archivo Técnico de la Coordinación Nacional de Arqueología, INAH, Mexico.Google Scholar
Pollard, Helen P., and Cahue, Laura. 1999 Mortuary Patterns of Regional Elites in the Lake Pátzcuaro Basin of Western Mexico. Latin American Antiquity 10:259280.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Pollard, Helen P., Amy Hirshman, Hector Neff, and Glascock, Michael D. 2001 Las elites, el intercambio de bienes y el surgimiento del área nuclear tarasca: Análisis de la cerámica de la cuenca de Patzcuaro. In Estudios cerámicos en el occidente y norte de México, edited by Williams, Eduardo and Weigand, Phil C., pp. 289309. Instituto Michoacano de Cultura, El Colegio de Michoacán, Zamora.Google Scholar
Rehder, John E. 1994 Blowpipes versus Bellows in Ancient Metallurgy. Journal of Field Archaeology 21:345350.Google Scholar
Roskamp, Hans 2001 Historia, mito y legitimación: El Lienzo de Jicalán. In La tierra caliente de Michoacán, edited by Hernández, Eduardo Zárate, pp. 119151. El Colegio de Michoacán/Gobierno del Estado de Michoacán, Zamora.Google Scholar
Roskamp, Hans 2004 Los caciques indígenas de Xiuhquilan y la defensa del las minas en el siglo XVI: El Lienzo de Jicalán. In Ritmo del fuego: El arte y los artesanos de Santa Clara del Cobre, Michoacán, México, edited by Feder-Nadoff, Michele, pp. 186197. Fundación Cuentos, Chicago.Google Scholar
Roskamp, Hans, Mario Retiz, Anyul Cuellar, and Cárdenas, Efraín 2003 Pre-Hispanic and Colonial Metallurgy in Jicalan, Michoacán, México: An Archaeological Survey. Report submitted to the Foundation for the Advancement of Mesoamerican Studies, Inc., available online at www.famsi.org/reports/02011/index.html.Google Scholar
Rubín de la Borbolla, Daniel F. 1944 Orfebrería tarasca. Cuadernos Americanos 3:125138.Google Scholar
Sahagún, Fray Bernardino de 1950–1982 [1590] Florentine Codex: History of the Things of New Spain. 13 vols, translated by Anderson, Arthur J.O. and Dibble, Charles. Monographs of the School of American Research No. 14. University of Utah Press, Salt Lake City.Google Scholar
Shimada, Izumi, Epstein, Stephen, and Craig, Alan K. 1983 The Metallurgical Process in Ancient North Peru. Archaeology 35:3845.Google Scholar
Sinopoli, Carla M. 1994 The Archaeology of Empires. Annual Review of Anthropology 23:159180.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sinopoli, Carla M. 2003 The Political Economy of Craft Production: Crafting Empire in South India, c. 1350–1650. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.Google Scholar
Sinopoli, Carla M., and Morrison, Kathleen D. 1995 Dimensions of Imperial Control the Vijayanagara Capital. American Anthropologist 97:8396.Google Scholar
Smith, Michael E. 2004 The Archaeology of Ancient State Economies. Annual Review of Anthropology 33:73102.Google Scholar
Stein, Gil J. 1996 Producers, Patrons, and Prestige: Craft Specialist and Emergent Elites in Mesopotamia from 5500–3100 b.c. In Craft Specialization and Social Evolution: In Memory of V. Gordon Childe, edited by Wailes, Bernard, pp. 2538. University Museum Monograph No. 93. University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia.Google Scholar
Stein, Gil J. 2001 Understanding Ancient State Societies in the Old World. In Archaeology at the Millennium, edited by Feinman, Gary M. and Price, T. Douglas, pp. 353379. Kluwer Academic, New York.Google Scholar
Van Zantwijk, Rudolf 1967 Servants of the Saints: The Social Identity of a Tarascan Community in Mexico. Royal Van Gorcum, Assen.Google Scholar
Wailes, Bernard 1996 V. Gordon Childe and the Relations of Production. In Craft Specialization and Social Evolution: In Memory of V. Gordon Childe, edited by Bernard, Wailes, pp. 316. University Museum Monograph No. 93. University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia.Google Scholar
Warren, J. Benedict 1968 Minas de cobre de Michoacán, 1533. Anales del Museo Michoacano 6:3552.Google Scholar
Warren, J. Benedict 1985 The Conquest of Michoacán: The Spanish Domination of the Tarascan Kingdom in Western Mexico, 15211530. University of Oklahoma Press, Norman.Google Scholar
Warren, J. Benedict 1991 El diccionario grande de la lengua de Michoacán. 2 vols. Fimax Publicistas, Morelia.Google Scholar