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Northern Anatolia before Classical Times

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  15 June 2015

C. A. Burney
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Extract

That part of northern Anatolia known in Greek and Roman times as Bithynia and Paphlagonia comprises a number of high ridges running from west to east, through which the rivers break their way in their tortuous courses down to the Black Sea. The region discussed in this article in fact comprises Paphlagonia, the eastern half of Bithynia and part of Phrygia, from the lower Sakarya to the mouth of the Halys; but, since these names do not apply to the Bronze Age, the whole will be termed northern Anatolia. As far south as the crest of the main ridge bounding the Anatolian plateau along its north side the land has a maritime climate quite different from that of either the plateau or the Mediterranean coast: rainfall is abundant, even at times in the summer; deciduous forests cover these north-facing slopes, right to the top. Sinop provides the best natural harbour on this coast. The change to the steppe country of the plateau is abrupt.

Type
Research Article
Information
Anatolian Studies , Volume 6 , December 1956 , pp. 179 - 203
Copyright
Copyright © The British Institute at Ankara 1956

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References

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16 Excavated by Prof. E. Akurgal and Prof. Budde: the former kindly allowed me to look at the Demirci pottery in the University of Ankara.

17 Troy, Vol. I (Plates), Types C25 and C27. Perhaps ibid. (Text), pp. 378, 403.

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24 Troy, Vol. I, pl. 223b (Type C17).

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30 Demirci Hüyük, pl. 10 (2 and 5).

31 Information kindly supplied by Prof. Bittel.

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39 Ibid., pl. 13 (9); pls. 7 (12) and 8 (5); pl. 13 (8); pl. 13 (19) and fig. 3 (p. 15), nos. 5, 6, 12.

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70 Ibid., pl. II (7).

71 Ausgrabungen, pl. XCIV.

72 Troy, Vol. II, pl. 180 (27, 28, 30, 32) (Type A33); also pl. 259.

73 Demirci Hüyük, pl. 7 (2).

74 Fouilles, pl. LXXV (205).

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90 T.T.K. (1943), pl. VIII (1, 7, 11).

91 A sherd from Yassı Hüyük (Çivril) illustrates this well. Also bowls from Beycesultan, (A.S. V, p. 63Google Scholar, fig. 10).

92 Troy, Vol. III, pl. 444 (8): Types A93 and A96. It seems probable that the shapes termed Minyan developed first in western Anatolia.

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96 A conclusion in no wise conflicting with our present knowledge of Second Millennium historical geography.

97 A.S. I, p. 50Google Scholar, fig. 12, no. 12: note comparison with Alışar.

98 Bittel, K., Boğazköy: Die Kleinfunde der Grabungen 1906–12 (Leipzig, 1937)Google Scholar, pl. 31, no. 21.

99 Fouilles, pl. XXIX (75).

100 e.g. at Polatlı, : A.S. I, p. 40Google Scholar (Group 8).