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The M Quadruplets II. The Interpretation of Quantitative Differences

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  01 August 2014

Gordon Allen*
Affiliation:
National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Public Health, Service U. S.Department of Health, Education, and Welfare

Summary

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Early students of the M quadruplets considered that the dermatoglyphic traits and physical measurements corroborated a monozygotic origin. More careful analysis in terms of variance shows that the ridge counts, at least, are quite inconsistent with data from monozygotic twins. However, when several quantitative measures are considered together by a method of combined relative likelihoods of separate pair differences, the evidence against monozygosity is less impressive than the contrary evidence from qualitative traits including blood groups. It is concluded that quadruplets tend to vary more than twins and/or that some genotypes are much more variable than others, at least with respect to dermal ridge counts.

Riassunto

RIASSUNTO

I primi studiosi che hanno esaminato i quadrigemini M pensavano che le caratteristiche der-matoglifiche e le misurazioni fisiche fossero in favore di una origine monozigotica. Una analisi più dettagliata dei dati di varianza dimostra che almeno il numero dei dermatoglifici è incompatibile con i dati forniti dai gemelli monozigotici. Tuttavia, quando si analizzi un insieme di diverse misurazioni quantitative, mediante il metodo di probabilità relativa di variazione fra le diverse coppie, le prove di una origine non-monozigotica diventano meno convincenti delle prove contrarie, quelle fornite dalle caratteristiche qualitative, compresi i gruppi sanguigni. Si conclude che i quadrigemini presentano una tendenza a variare più accentuata dei gemelli e che, al contempo, alcuni genotipi tendono a variare più di altri, almeno per quanto riguarda il numero dei dermatoglifici.

Résumé

RÉSUMÉ

Les premiers investigateurs des quadruplés M étaient d'avis que les caractéristiques dermato-glyphiques et les mesurations physiques corroboraient une origine monozygotique. Une analyse plus détaillée des données de variance démontre qu'au moins le nombre des dermatoglyphes est tout-à-fait incompatible avec les données fournies par les jumeaux monozygotiques. Toutefois lorsqu'on analyse un groupement de diverses mesurations quantitatives à l'aide de la méthode de probabilité relative des différences entre les diverses paires, les preuves d'une origine non monozygotique sont moins convaincantes que les preuves contraires, celles qui sont fournies par les caractéristiques qualitatives, y compris les groupes sanguins. On arrive à la conclusion que les quadruplés ont une tendance à varier plus que les jumeaux et, en même temps, que certains génotypes tendent à varier plus que d'autres, tout au moins en ce qui concerne le nombre des dermatoglyphes.

Zusammenfassung

ZUSAMMENFASSUNG

Die frühen Forscher auf dem Gebiet der M-Vierlinge betrachteten die Papillarleistenmerkmale und die körperlichen Masse als Bestätigung eines eineiigen Ursprungs. Sorgfältigere Untersuchung, im Sinne der Varianz, zeigt, dass die Leistenzahl schon gar nicht mit den Angaben über eineiige Zwillinge übereinstimmt. Wenn man jedoch verschiedene quantitative Werte gemeinsam anhand einer Methode von kombinierten relativen Wahrscheinlichkeiten der einzelnen Paarunterschiede in Betracht zieht, dann imponiert der Beweis gegen Eineiigkeit weniger als der entgegengesetzte Beweis qualitativer Merkmale, einschliesslich der Blutgruppen. Es ergibt sich, dass Vierlinge zu grösserer Variation neigen als Zwillinge, bzw. dass manche Genotypen variabler sind als andere, zumindest in Bezug auf die Hautleistenzahl.

Type
Research Article
Copyright
Copyright © The International Society for Twin Studies 1960

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