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Plekhanov on Russian Capitalism and the Peasant Commune, 1883–1885
Published online by Cambridge University Press: 25 January 2017
Extract
In the symphony that is Russian history, the muted trumpet of irony is often sounded. Russian Marxists have long argued that Russia entered upon the capitalist phase of its development with the emancipation reforms of the 1860's. Since the Bolshevik Revolution and the nationalization of Russian industry followed the reforms only by some fifty to sixty years, it would appear that, compared with other major European states, Russia experienced only a short period of capitalism. However, in the nineteenth century, it was not the Russian Marxists, but their antagonists, the Narodniks, who had contended that capitalism was alien to Russia and could not strike deep root there. In the first two decades of its existence (the last two decades of the nineteenth century), the Russian Marxist movement expended a major part of its energy in attacks upon and efforts to undermine the Narodnik outlook which for some time had held sway among the Russian revolutionary intelligentsia.
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- Copyright © Association for Slavic, East European, and Eurasian Studies 1953
References
1 The material for this article is largely drawn from the author's unpublished doctoral dissertation, “George Plekhanov and ‘The Emancipation of Labor’ Group, 1883–1894,” Columbia University, 1952.
2 For a comparison, see S. H. Baron, “Lenin's Views on the Peasant Commune, 1894–1904,” unpublished M.A. thesis, Columbia University, 1948.
3 Marks-Redakcija “Otečestvennykh zapisok,” November, 1877, Perepiska K. Marksa i F. Enge'sa s Russkini političeskimi dejateljami (Moscow, Gosizdat, 1947), pp. 177–80; Marks-Zasulič, March 8, 1881, ibid., p. 242; K. Marks and F. Engels, “Predislovie k Russkomu izdaniju ‘Manifesta Kommunističeskoj Partii,’” Sočinenija (Moscow, Tsk, VKP (B), 1935), XV, 601.
4 Plekhanov, G. V., “Zakon èkonomičeskogo razvitija obščestva i zadači socializma v Rossii,” Socinenija (2nd ed., Moscow-Leningrad, Gosizdat, 1923–1927), I, 61–63.Google Scholar
5 Ibid., p.58.
6 “He was particularly impressed by Orlov's work, Communal Property in Moscow Uezd. He later reported that it “strongly shook my narodnik convictions”; see “Russkij rabočij v revoljucionnom dviženii,” Sočinenija, III, 197.
7 “Socializm i političeskaja bor'ba,” ibid., II, 27.
8 Ibid., p. 34.
9 “Naši raznoglasija,” ibid., p. 231.
10 Ibid., p. 130.
11 Ibid.
12 L. Tikhomirov, “Čego nam ždat’ ot revoljucii,” Vestnik narodnoj voli, No. 2 (1884), p. 240.
13 Plekhanov, “Naši raznoglasija,” op. cit., p. 230.
14 Ibid., pp. 189–94.
15 1bid., p. 227.
16 Ibid., p. 271.
17 Ibid., pp. 205–14.
18 Plekhanov, “O Social'noj Demokratii v Rossii,” ibid., IX, 28.
19 Plekhanov, “Naši raznoglasija,” ibid., II, 217.
20 Ibid., p. 226.
21 Ibid., pp. 226–27.
22 1bid., p. 219.
23 Ibid., p. 225.
24 Ibid., pp. 236, 239.
25 Ibid., p. 238.
26 Ibid., p. 263.
27 Plekhanov, “Socializm i političeskaja bor'ba,” ibid., p. 34.
28 Plekhanov, “Naši raznoglasija,” ibid., p. 270.
29 Ibid., p. 238.
30 Ibid., pp. 223, 241.
31 Ibid., pp. 223, 240, 242, 247.
32 Ibid., p. 241.
33 Ibid., p. 240.
34 Ibid., p. 266.
35 Ibid., pp. 238, 263.
36 Ibid., p. 264.
37 Ibid., pp. 264, 250.
38 Ibid., p. 264.
39 Ibid., pp. 235, 260–62.
40 Ibid., pp. 264–65.
41 Ibid., p. 253.
42 Ibid., pp. 251–52.
43 Ibid., p. 266.
44 Ibid., pp. 254, 255.
45 Ibid., p. 244.
46 Ibid., pp. 244–45.
47 Ibid., p. 244.
48 Ibid., p. 258.
49 Ibid., p. 245.
50 Ibid., p. 263.
51 Ibid., p. 264.
52 Ibid., p. 234.
53 Plekhanov, “Socializm i političeskaja bor'ba,” ibid., p. 47.
54 Ibid., p. 34.
55 Plekhanov-Lavrov, , end of 1881, Literamrnoe Nasledie G. V. Plekhanova (8 vols., Moscow, Gosizdat, 1934–1939), VIII, 210.Google Scholar
56 Plekhanov, “Naši raznoglasija,” op. cit., pp. 309–10.
57 Ibid., pp. 347–48.
58 Ibid., p. 130.
59 Ibid., p. 260.
60 1bid., p. 296.