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Factory Inspection Under the “Witte System”: 1892-1903

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  25 January 2017

Theodore H. Von Laue
Theodore H. Von Laue*
Affiliation:
University of California (Riverside)
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Extract

The advent of an industrial labor force posed a formidable and, as it turned out in 1917, a fatal array of problems to the government of Imperial Russia. It had to find answers to a number of crucial questions. How was it to reduce the tensions at the factory and carry out its mandate as guardian of order and justice and the protector of the poor? How was the peasant-worker to be fitted into the traditional structure of Russian society? What was the place of industrial labor in the “Witte system”? And how could the government prevent the discontent of the peasant-worker from turning against autocracy itself?

Yet even Witte, who was perhaps more perceptive than his colleagues in regard to the various problems caused by industrialization, viewed “the labor question” with complete confidence.

Type
Research Article
Information
American Slavic and East European Review , Volume 19 , Issue 3 , October 1960 , pp. 347 - 362
Copyright
Copyright © Association for Slavic, East European, and Eurasian Studies 1960

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References

1 Ozerov, K., Politika po rabochemu voprosu v Rossii za poslednye gody (Moscow, 1906), p.24.Google Scholar

2 Vitte, S., Konspekt lekcii o narodnom i gosudarstvennom khozjajstve (St. Petersburg, 1912), p. 166.Google Scholar

3 For the following see Bykov, A. N., Fabrichnoe zakonodatel'stvo i razvitie ego v Rossit (St. Petersburg, 1909), Ch. VIII.Google Scholar

4 Ibid., Ch. XII.

5 Ozerov, op. cit., p.8.

6 Liadov, M., Istorija rossijskoj social-demokraticheskoj rabochej partii, Part I (St. Petersburg, 1906), 72.Google Scholar

7 Bykov, op. cit., Ch. IX.

8 Ustav o promyshlennosti, in the convenient edition by Shramchenko, M. P. and Afanasiev, K. E. (3rd ed.; St. Petersburg, 1909).Google Scholar

9 Ibid., par. 86–106.

10 Par. 47–60.

11 Par. 127–56.

12 Bykov, op. cit., Ch. X, XI.

13 Mikulin, A. A., Fabrichnaja inspekcija v Rossii, 1882–1906 (Kiev, 1906), p. 138.Google Scholar

14 Vitte, S., Detstvo (1849–1894) (Berlin, 1922), p. 332.Google Scholar

15 Mikulin, op. cit., Ch. IV passim.

16 Litvinov-Falinskij, V. P., Fabrichnoe zakonodatel'stvo i fabrichnaja inspekcija v Rossii (2nd ed.; St. Petersburg, 1904), p. 91.Google Scholar

17 Mikulin, op. cit., p.100

18 Ibid., Ch. V; also Bykov, op. cit., pp. 254ff.

19 See the map in Pogozhev, A. V., Uchet chislennosti i sostava rabochykh v Rossii (St. Petersburg, 1906), p.39.Google Scholar

20 Litvinov-Falinskij, op. cit., p. 303.

21 Ibid.

22 Ozerov, op. cit., p. 8.

23 Litvinov-Falinskij, op. cit., p. 304

24 Ibid.

25 The salaries of the foreign masters employed at the Egorov mill are cited in Rabochee dvizhenie, Vol. Ill, Part II (Moscow, 1952), p. 307.Google Scholar

26 Bykov, op. cit., pp. 259–60; also Mikulin, op. cit., p. 158.

27 Gvozdev, S., Zapiski fabrichnago inspektora, (Moscow, 1911), p. 19.Google Scholar

28 Ulozhenie o nakazanijakh, par. 51, sec. 4.

29 Litvinov-Falinskij, op. cit., pp. 135–36.

30 Svod otchetov fabrichnykh inspektorov za 1901 god (St. Petersburg, 1903), p. ix.Google Scholar

31 Ustav o promyshlennosti, par. 139.

32 Litvinov-Falinskij, op. cit., p. 143ff

33 Ibid., p. 169

34 Ustav o promyshlennosti, par. 156–58; also Bykov, op. cit., p. 163.

35 Svod otchetov … za 1901 god, p. xv.

36 Ibid., p. viii.

37 The following from ibid., p. 79.

38 Ibid., p. xi.

39 Gvozdev, op. cit., p. 116; also Litvinov-Falinskij, op. cit., p. 344.

40 76% of all factories, Bykov,op. cit., pp. 266–67.