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Yassin Abdullah Kadi & Al Barakaat International Foundation v. Council & Commission. Joined Cases C-402/05 P & C-415/05 P

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  27 February 2017

Miša Zgonec-Rožej
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Type
International Decisions
Information
American Journal of International Law , Volume 103 , Issue 2 , April 2009 , pp. 305 - 311
Copyright
Copyright © American Society of International Law 2009

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References

1 Joined Cases C-402/05 P & C-415/05 P, Kadi v. Council (Eur. Ct. Justice Sept. 8, 2008). The decisions of the Court of First Instance and the Court of Justice of the European Communities are available at <http://curia.europa.eu>.

2 See Security Council Resolutions 1267 (Oct. 15, 1999), 1333 (Dec. 19, 2000), 1363 (July 30, 2001), 1388 (Jan. 15, 2002), 1390 (Jan. 16, 2002), 1452 (Dec. 20, 2002), 1455 (Jan. 17, 2003), 1456 (Jan. 20, 2003), 1526 (Jan. 30, 2004), 1617 (July 29, 2005), 1699 (Aug. 8, 2006), 1730 (Dec. 19, 2006), 1732 (Dec. 21, 2006), and 1735 (Dec. 22, 2006).

3 See the Sanctions Committee’s guidelines at <http://www.un.org/sc/committees/1267/pdf/1267_guidelines.pdf>.

4 The Council first adopted Council Regulation (EC) No. 337/2000 of 14 February 2000, 2000 O.J. (L 43) 1, which was repealed by Council Regulation (EC) No. 467/2001 of 6 March 2001, 2001 O.J. (L 67) 1. On May 27, 2002, the Council adopted Council Regulation (EC) No. 881 /2002, 2002 O.J. (L 139) 9, which repealed Council Regulation (EC) No. 467/2001.

5 Article 7, Council Regulation (EC) No. 881/2002.

6 See Commission Regulation (EC) No. 184/2009 of 6 March 2009 Amending for the 104th time Council Regulation (EC) No. 881/2002, 2009 O.J. (L 63) 11.

7 See the Consolidated List, at <http://www.un.org/sc/committees/1267/consolist.shtml>. Currently, there are about 500 names of individuals and entities on the Consolidated List.

8 Commission Regulation (EC) No. 2062/2001 of 19 October 2001, 2001 O.J. (L277) 25; Commission Regulation (EC) No. 2199/2001 of 12 November 2001, 2001 O.J. (L 295) 16.

9 The complaint was filed on January 16, 2009, against Henry M. Paulson (secretary of the Treasury), Adam J. Szubin (director, Department of the Treasury), and the Office of Foreign Asset Control, Department of the Treasury (D.D.C., no. 1:09-CV-00108). The complaint is available at <http://www.nefafoundation.org/miscellaneous/FeaturedDocs/Kadi_v_Paulson_complaint.pdf>.

10 2002 O.J. (C 56) 16; Al-Barakaat’s application is available at <http://curia.europa.eu>.

11 Case T-315/01, Kadi v. Council, 2005 ECR11–3649, para. 58 (Eur. Ct. First Instance); Case T-306/01, Yusuf v. Council, 2005 ECR 11–3533, para. 77 (Eur. Ct. First Instance). The co-applicant in Yusuf, Al-Barakaat International Foundation, appealed; Ahmed Ali Yusuf withdrew.

12 Treaty Establishing The European Community, Mar. 25, 1957, 298 UNTS 11 Google ScholarPubMed, as amended by Treaty of Amsterdam, Oct. 2, 1997, 1997 O.J. (C 340) 1 Google ScholarPubMed, as amended by Treaty of Nice, Feb. 26, 2001, 2001 O.J. (C 80) 1 Google ScholarPubMed, consolidated version reprinted in 2002 O.J. (C 325) 33.

13 Case T-315/01, paras. 212–31, 233–91; Case T-306/01, paras. 263–82, 284–346.

14 2006 O.J. (C 36) 19; 2006 O.J. (C 48) 11.

15 See the opinions of Advocate General Poiares in Cases C-402/05 P (Jan. 16, 2008) and C-415/05 P (Jan. 23, 2008) (both para. 34).

16 Case C-84/95, Bosphorus Hava Yollari Turizm ve Ticaret AS v. Minister for Transport, Energy and Communications, 1996 ECR1–3953, paras. 13–14, 21–26.

17 UN Charter Art. 24(2).

18 T. D., Gill, Legal and Some Political Limitations on the Power of the United Nations Security Council Powers Under Chapter VII of the Charter, 26 Neth. Y.B. Int’l L. 61–62 (1995)Google Scholar; Jochen, Frowein & Nico, Krisch, Chapter VII: Actions with Respect to Threats to the Peace, Breaches of Peace, and Acts of Aggression, in 1 The Charter of the United Nations: A Commentary 701, 710–12 (Bruno, Simma ed., 2d ed. 2002)Google Scholar; Judith G., Gardam, Legal Restraints on Security Council Military Enforcement Action, 17 Mich. J. Int’l L. 307 (1996)Google Scholar; Nicolas, Angelet, International Law Limits to the Security Council, in United Nations Sanctions and International Law 71, 72 (Vera, Gowlland-Debbas ed., 2001)Google Scholar.

19 See Commission Regulation (EC) No. 1190/2008 of 28 November 2008 Amending for the 101st Time Council Regulation (EC) No. 881 /2002 Imposing Certain Specific Restrictive Measures Directed Against Persons and Entities Associated with Usama bin Laden, the Al-Qaida Network and the Taliban, 2008 OJ. (L 33) 25.

20 Case T-85/09, initiated February 26, 2009. See 2009 O.J. (C 90) 37.

21 Case C-399/06 P (appeal brought on September 25, 2006 by Faraj Hassan against the Court of First Instance judgment in Case T-49/04, Hassan v. Council, 2006 O.J. (C 294) 30.

22 See the latest monitoring team report, UN Doc. S/2008/324 (May 14, 2008).

23 Al-Qaida and Taliban (United Nations Measures) Order 2006, S.I. 2006/2952.

24 G. v. HM Treasury, [2008] EWCA Civ 1187, paras. 18–20, 121.

25 Id., para. 119.

26 Id., para. 120.

27 Security Council Resolution 1452 (Dec. 20, 2002) introduced a “humanitarian exemption” to allow the targeted individuals to keep the funds necessary for their basic living expenses. At the outset there was no procedure available for challenging the wrongful inclusion of the names on the list. The Security Council later introduced a “de-listing” procedure that enables the targeted individuals and entities to submit a request for de-listing to the Sanctions Committee either through their states of residence or citizenship or through a “UN focal point” in the UN Secretariat. See Security Council Resolutions 1730 (Dec. 19, 2006) and 1735 (Dec. 22, 2006).