¹ The participating countries are Canada, Colombia, the Netherlands, Norway, Switzerland, the United Kingdom, and the United States.

² The participating companies are Anglo American, AngloGold Ashanti, Barrick Gold Corporation, BG Group, BHP Billiton, BP, Chevron, ConocoPhillips, ExxonMobil, Freeport McMoRan Copper and Gold, Hess Corporation, Inmet Mining, Marathon Oil, Newmont Mining Corporation, Occidental Petroleum Corporation, Rio Tinto, Shell, Statoil, and Talisman Energy.

³ The attending NGOs were Amnesty International, The Fund for Peace, Human Rights First, Human Rights Watch, IKV Pax Christi, International Alert, Oxfam, Pact, Partnership Africa Canada, and Search for Common Ground. Attending as observers were the International Committee of the Red Cross, the International Council on Mining & Metals, and the International Petroleum Industry Environmental Conservation Association.

⁴ Summary of Proceedings—Voluntary Principles on Security and Human Rights—Extraordinary Plenary Session (Sept. 16, 2011), at http://www.voluntaryprinciples.org/fiIes/FHE-DC-130591-vl-VPs_Summary_of_Proceedings_Extraordinary_Plenary_Meeting.pdf. For background information on the Voluntary Principles, see http://www.icmm.com/library/voluntary-principles-on-security-and-human-rights.

⁵ Voluntary Principles on Security and Human Rights, Statement by the governments of the United States of America and the United Kingdom (Dec. 19, 2000), at http://www.unglobalcompact.org/Issues/conflict_preven tion/meetings_and_workshops/volsupport.html. For discussion of a similar code of conduct among companies providing security services to international resources companies and others, see Crook, John R., Contemporary Practice of the United States, 105 AJIL 122, 156 (2011)Google Scholar.

⁶ U.S. Dep’t of State Press Release No. 2011/1552, Breakthrough in the Voluntary Principles on Security and Human Rights (Sept. 20, 2011), at http://www.state.gov/r/pa/prs/ps/2011/09/172858.htm.

⁷ Summary of Proceedings, supra note 4.