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Establishment of U.S. Antiterrorism Maritime Transportation System

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  10 March 2017

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Type
Contemporary Practice of the United States Relating to International Law
Information
American Journal of International Law , Volume 98 , Issue 3 , July 2004 , pp. 588 - 590
Copyright
Copyright © American Society of International Law 2004

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References

1 46 U.S.C.A. §70101 (West 2004) [hereinafter MTSA].

2 Id.

3 Id. §70114.

4 U.S. General Accounting Office, Maritime Security: Progress Made in Implementing Maritime Transportation Security Act, but Concerns Remain, GAO Doc. GAO–03–1155T, at 7 (Sept 9, 2003), available at <http://www.gao.gov>>Google Scholar.

5 46 U.S.C.A. §70103(c) (1), (2), (3).

6 Id. §70103(c) (4),(5).

7 Id. §§70108, 70109.

8 Id. §70110.

9 MTSA, supra note 1, §112.

10 IMO Res. A.924(22) (Jan. 22, 2002) (containing a resolution adopted on Nov. 20, 2001).

11 International Convention for the Safety of Life at Sea, Nov. 1, 1974, 32 UST 47, 1184 UNTS 276 (entered into force May 25, 1980) [hereinafter SOLAS].

12 IMO Doc. SOLAS/CONF.5/32, annex (Dec. 12, 2002) (containing Resolution 1 of the December 2002 conference, which contains in its annex the amendments), at <http://www.dcmnr.gov.ie/files/marsecXI-2.pdf>. Information on the amendments is available at <http://www.imo.org/home.asp>.

13 IMO Doc. SOLAS/CONF.5/34, annex 1 (Dec. 12, 2002) (containing Resolution 2 of the December 2002 conference, which contains in its annex the ISPS Code), at<http://www.mpa.gov.sg/homepage/other-notices/ISPS-Code.pdf> [hereinafter ISPS Code]. The ISPS Code contains two parts: part A is mandatory, while part B is recommendatory and contains guidance for implementation of the code.

14 ISPS Code, supra note 13, at B 4.33.

15 SOLAS, supra note 11, Art. XI–2, para. 9.

16 Article VIII of SOLAS provides for a “tacit acceptance procedure” whereby—instead of requiring that an amendment shall enter into force only after being accepted by some number of the parties—an amendment shall enter into force on a specified date unless, before that date, objections to the amendment are received from one-third of the parties or from the parties whose combined merchant fleets represent not less than 50 percent of world gross tonnage.

17 Implementation of National Maritime Security Initiatives, 68 Fed. Reg. 60, 448 (Oct. 22, 2003)Google Scholar.

18 Id. at 60, 459.

19 Id. at 60, 455; see U.S. General Accounting Office, supra note 4, at 10 (“MTSA does not mention any role for foreign nations in the Secretary’s required approval of vessel security plans, and some concerns have been raised about the advisability of allowing flag states—some with a history of lax regulation—to ensure the security of vessels traveling to the United States.”).

20 68 Fed. Reg. at 60, 455.

21 Id. at 60, 464.