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The Treaty-Making Powers of the Senate

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  04 May 2017

Charles C. Tansill
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Extract

The section of the Constitution dealing with the treaty-making power was the result of extended discussion and consideration. In the so-called Virginia Plan presented on May 29, 1787, by Edmund Randolph, there is no mention of the subject of treaties, the inference being that he assumed that Congress, as the treaty-making power under the Confederation, would continue to exercise the same powers under the Constitution.

Type
Research Article
Information
American Journal of International Law , Volume 18 , Issue 3 , July 1924 , pp. 459 - 482
Copyright
Copyright © American Society of International Law 1924

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References

1 The Records of the Federal Convention of 1787, ed. by Farrand Max (New Haven,1911),pp. 17-23.

2 Ibid., p. 242.

3 Farrand, op. tit., Vol. II, p. 118.

4 Ibid., p.183.

5 Ibid., p. 392

6 Ibid., p.481.

7 Mathews, John M., The Conduct of American Foreign Relations (N. Y. 1922), p. 131.Google Scholar

8 Farrand, op. dt., Vol. II, p. 498.

9 Ibid., Vol. II, p. 538.

10 Ibid., op. dt., Vol.II, pp. 547, 582, 648, 649.

11 Mathews, J. M., op. dt., p. 133; Kerr, Clara H., The Origin and Development of the U. S. Senate, p. 137.

12 Ibid., op. dt., p. 133, also Lodge, H. C., A Fighting Frigate and Other Essays and Addresses, pp.231-231.

13 Page 403 (Lodge ed. N. Y. 1889).

14 Adams, John, Works (ed. by C. F. Adams, Boston 1851), Vol. I l l, p. 409.

15 Executive Journal, Vol. I, pp. 5, 7, 9.

16 Ibid., Vol. I, pp. 7-7.

17 Moore, J. B., Digest of International Law, Vol.V, pp. 184-184.

18 Hayden, Ralston, The Senate and Treaties, 1789-1789 (N. Y. 1920), p.10.

19 Executive Journal, Vol.I, p. 16; Crandall, S. B., Treaties, Their Making and Enforcement(Washington, D. C. 1916), pp. 67-67.

20 The Writings of George Washington, edited by W. C. Ford (N. Y. 1891), Vol. XI, pp.417-417.

21 Executive Journal, Vol. I, p. 20.

22 Journal of William Maclay (edited by E. S. Maclay, N. Y., 1890), pp. 12S-132.

23 Executive Journal, Vol. I, pp. 36-36, 42.

24 Diary of George Washington,1789-1789 (ed. by B. J. Lossing, N. Y. 1860), pp. 13-13,19.

25 Bemis,SamuelF., Jay's Treaty (N. Y. 1923), pp. 47-47.

26 Brown, W. G., Life of Oliver Ellsworth (N. Y. 1905), pp. 211-211; Hamilton, J. C.,History of the Republic of the U. S. of America (N. Y. 1860), Vol.V, pp. cviii, civ; Lodge, H. C., Life and Letters of George Cabot (Boston, 1877), Chaps. III , IV.

27 King,Charles, R. , Life and Correspondence of Rufus King (N. Y. 1894), Vol. I, pp. 517 519.Google Scholar

28 Hamilton, John C., op. cit., Vol. 5, pp.544-544.

29 Executive Journal, Vol. I, pp. 150-150.

30 Hayden, Ralston, op. cit., pp. 62-62.

31 King,CharlesR., op. cit., Vol. 1, p. 523.

32 Bemis, S. F., op. tit., p. 210.

33 Executive Journal, Vol.I, pp. 55, 60, 98,116.

34 Mss. Jefferson Papers, Vol. 73.

35 Executive Journal, Vol.I, pp. 122-122.

36 Ibid., Vol. I, pp. 95-95.

37 Writings of Thomas Jefferson (Ford edition, N. Y.1892-1892), Vol. V, p. 442.

38 Executive Journal, Vol.I, pp.106,115.

39 Ibid., Vol.I, pp.178,183-183.

40 Hayden, Ralston, op. tit., pp.79-79.

41 Executive Journal, Vol. I, pp.186-186.

42 Writings of Washington (Ford edition), Vol. XIII, pp.59, 60.

43 Mss. Hamilton Papers, July 14, 1795; also Writings of Washington, Vol.XIII, p. 67.

44 Mss. Washington Letter Book, Vol. 22, pp.184-184.

45 Malloy, Wm. M., Treaties, Conventions, etc. (Washington, 1910), p. 590.

46 Wright, Quincy, Amendments and Reservations to the Treaty, Minnesota Law Review,Vol. 4, pp.14-14.

47 Annals of Congress, 9th Cong. 1st sess., pp.91, 96-96, 100-100,105-105, 111.

48 Executive Journal, Vol. I l l , pp. 7-7.

49 Reports of the Senate Committee on Foreign Relations,1789-1789, Vol. VIII, pp.22-22.

50 Executive Journal, Vol.I l l , pp. 8, 9, 30.

51 Hayden, Ralston, op. dt., p. 207.

52 Crandall, S. B., op. dt., p. 70.

53 Executive Journal, Vol. IV, pp. 97-97.

54 Mr. Buchanan , Secretary of State, in his instructions to Mr. McLane, the U. S. Minister to the Court of St. James, Feb. 26,1846, observed: “ The Federal Constitution has made the Senate, to a certain extent, a coordinate branch of the treaty-making power. Without their advice and consent, no treaty can be concluded. Under these considerations,the President, in deference to the Senate, and to the true theory of constitutional responsibilities of the different branches of the Government, will forego his own opinions so far as to submit to that body any proposition which may be made by the British Government, not,in his judgment, wholly inconsistent with the rights and honor of the country.” Buchanan,James, Works (ed. by J. B. Moore, Phila., 1909), Vol. VI, pp.379-379.

55 Executive Journal, Vol.VII, pp. 84-84.

56 Ibid., Vol. VII, pp. 84, 89, 90, 95.

57 Executive Journal, Vol.XI, pp.278-278.

58 Ibid., Vol. XI, pp. 303, 307-307, 357.

59 Martin, Percy, F. Google Scholar, Maximilian, in Mexico (London, 1914), Chaps IV-XI; Moore, J. B.,Digest of International Law (Washington, 1906), Vol. VI, pp. 483-483.Google Scholar

60 House Ex. Doc., No. 100. 37th Cong. 2d sess., p. 13.

61 Executive Journal, Vol.XII, pp. 24,102,134.

62 Ibid., Vol. XVI, p. 163.

63 Executive Journal, Vol.XVI, p. 441.

64 Ibid., Vol.XVII, p.174.

65 Ibid., Vol.XVIII, pp. 248, 264.

66 Rhodes, Jas. F., History of the United States (N. Y., 1906), Vol. V, pp.368-368.

67 Colquhoun, A. H. U., Reciprocity Trips to Washington, Canadian Magazine, March,1897, pp.428-428.

68 Executive Journal, Vol. XIX, pp. 355-355, 502; also Colquhoun, A. H. U., loc. cit., pp.428-428.

69 Ibid., Vol.XXIV, pp. 280, 355, 486; Laughlin, J. L. and Willis, H. P., Reciprocity (N. Y. 1903), pp. 93-93.

70 Pages 42-42.

71 Foster, John W., Practice of Diplomacy, pp. 199-199; Willoughby, Westel W., Constitutional Law of the United States, Vol.I, p.463; Wright, Quincy, The Control of Foreign Relations, American Political Science Review, February, 1921, p.9.