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Sir Arthur Conan Doyle and W. T. Stead: The Novelist and the Journalist

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  11 July 2014

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Arthur Conan Doyle was among the Late Victorian literary figures whose early work was recognized by the renowned sensational journalist, W. T. Stead. As editor of the influential Pall Mall Gazette (1883-1890), Stead appreciated Conan Doyle's literary merit and published his short novel, The Mystery of Cloomber, as a serial in the Gazette during September, 1888. They were in many ways quite similar; both were “impatient with … slow and seemingly unprogressive methods” and often appeared to act as if “Nothing short of a cataclysm” would satisfy them. Yet, Conan Doyle and Stead differed on many issues, especially on the Boer War and, during the decades 1890-1910, on spiritualism. Nevertheless their relationship, although never close, was marked by mutual respect for the courage and sincerity which distinguished their lives.

In October, 1890, Conan Doyle, fatigued by the effort of completing and arranging for the publication of his novel, The White Company, became interested in Dr. Robert Koch's well publicized remedy for consumption and decided to journey to Berlin to study Koch's cure. On the way to Berlin, Conan Doyle visited Stead in London to obtain letters of introduction to the press. Stead, who had left the Pall Mall Gazette in January, 1890, to establish the highly successful Review of Reviews, not only complied with Conan Doyle's request, but asked the young physician to write an article on Koch and his research on tuberculosis for the Review of Reviews.

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Research Article
Copyright
Copyright © North American Conference on British Studies 1970

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References

NOTES

1 On the life and career of W. T. Stead (1849-1912), see Whyte, Frederic. Life of W. T. Stead (London, 1925), 2 vols.Google Scholar; Stead, Estelle W., My Father. Personal and Spiritual Reminiscences (London, 1913)Google Scholar; Scott, J. W. Robertson, The Life and Death of a Newspaper: An Account of the … Editors of the “Pall Mall Gazette” (London, 1952), 13259Google Scholar; Baylen's, Joseph O.W. T. Stead and the ‘New Journalism’,” Emory University Quarterly, XXI (Fall 1965), 196206.Google Scholar

2 See Pall Mall Gazette, Sept. 10-15, 17-22, 1888.

3 Rev.Lamond, John, Arthur Conan Doyle. A Memoir (London, 1931), 213–14.Google Scholar

4 Cf. SirDoyle, Arthur Conan, Memories and Adventures (London, 1924), 82.Google Scholar

5 Carr, John Dickson, The Life of Sir Arthur Conan Doyle (London, 1954), 8081.Google Scholar

6 See Stead's, introduction to Doyle, A. Conan, “Dr. Robert Koch and His Cure,” Review of Reviews, II (Dec. 1890), 548Google Scholar, hereafter cited as Stead, “Koch.”

7 Doyle, Conan, Memories and Adventures, 82Google Scholar; Pearson, Hesketh, Conan Doyle. His Life and Art (London, 1946), 94.Google Scholar

8 Doyle, Conan, Memories and Adventures, 82.Google Scholar

9 Doyle, A. Conan, “Dr. Robert Koch and His Cure,” Review of Reviews, II (Dec. 1890), 555–56Google Scholar; Pearson, , Conan Doyle, 94.Google Scholar

10 [Stead, W. T.], “The Latest Reports of Experts,” Review of Reviews, II (Dec. 1890), 560.Google Scholar

11 Stead, , “Koch,” 548.Google Scholar

12 Stead, W. T., “Can Cancer be Cured? A Visit to Count Mattei: His Challenge to the [Medical] Faculty,” Review of Reviews, III (Jan. 1891), 48.Google Scholar

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15 I am indebted to the late Miss Estelle W. Stead, Mr. W. K. Stead, and Mr. Adrian M. Conan Doyle for permission to use this and other letters in this article from the W. T. Stead and Sir Arthur Conan Doyle Papers.

16 Conan Doyle returned to Britain from Vienna in late March, 1891. Carr, , Life of Conan Doyle, 84.Google Scholar

17 In the dedication of The White Company, dated September 29, 1891, Conan Doyle wrote: “To the Hope of the Future, the Reunion of The English-Speaking Races, This Little Chronicle of our Common Ancestry is inscribed.” See Doyle, A. Conan, The White Company. A Novel (London, 1891), [ii].Google Scholar

18 See Baylen, Joseph O., “The Mattei Cancer Cure: A Victorian Nostrum,” Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society, CXIII (Feb. 1969), 149–76.Google Scholar

19 Review of Reviews, IV (Dec. 1891), 637Google Scholar. Conan Doyle had sent a presentation copy of The White Company to Stead. Nordon, Pierre, Sir Arthur Conan Doyle. L'Homme et L'Oeuvre (Paris, 1964), 342.Google Scholar

20 Nordon, , Sir Arthur Conan Doyle, pp. 342–43.Google Scholar

21 Review of Reviews, V (Jan. 1892), 94.Google Scholar

22 Ibid. (April 1892), 418.

23 Ibid. (June 1892), 614.

24 Ibid., VI (July 1892), 82.

25 Ibid. (Dec. 1892), 607.

26 On Stead's scheme, see his remarks in The Chicago Sunday Tribune, Nov. 12, 1893, and Baylen's, Joseph O., “Notes and Reviews: A Letter from Conan Doyle on the ‘Novelist-Journalist’,” Nineteenth Century Fiction, XII (Mar. 1958), 321–22.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

27 Stead Papers.

28 The crisis in Egypt during January, 1893, in which the British proconsul, Lord Cromer, humbled the anti-British and pro-French Egyptian khedive, Abbas II. Cf. Cromer, Lord, Abbas II (London, 1915), 913ff.Google Scholar

29 Archibald Forbes (1938-1900), renowned war correspondent during the last quarter of the nineteenth century.

30 Bennet Burleigh (1884-1914), war correspondent of the Daily Telegraph noted for his direct picturesque style.

31 Sir Walter Besant (1836-1901), whose novels exposed slum conditions in London's East End and the sweating industries in Britain.

32 Review of Reviews, VII (June 1893), 679.Google Scholar

33 Ibid., X (Dec. 1894), 599.

34 Ibid., XII (Oct. 1895), 375.

35 Ibid., XIV (Dec. 1896), 561.

36 Cf. [Stead, W. T.], “Why Not a British Celebration of the Fourth of July?Review of Reviews, XVII (June 1898), 599608.Google Scholar

37 Ibid., 607.

38 Stead Papers.

39 Conan Doyle was in the United States from late September to December 8, 1894.

40 This remark reflected Conan Doyle's dislike of the Germans.

41 See [Stead, W. T.], “The Anglo-American Association,” Review of Reviews. XVII (July 1898), 77.Google Scholar

42 On Stead's “Peace Crusade” and work at the First Hague Conference, see Whyte, , Life of W. T. Stead, II, chap, xxiii.Google Scholar

43 G. B. Shaw to Conan Doyle, Jan. 24, 1899, Sir Arthur Conan Doyle Papers. This communication was also published in Nordon, Sir Arthur Conan Doyle, 62n-63n.

44 Nordon, , Sir Arthur Conan Doyle, 26, 48, 200Google Scholar; Carr, , Life of Conan Doyle, 140.Google Scholar

45 Nordon, , Sir Arthur Conan Doyle, 205, 211, 437Google Scholar. In his memoirs, Conan Doyle later recalled: “He [Robertson Nicoll] took exception to some passage in the book, which he had every right to do. But he wrote at that time for six or seven newspapers, under different names, so that it appeared as if a number of critics were all condemning me when it was really one. I thought I had a grievance, and said so with such vehemence that he stated that he did not know whether to answer me in print or in the law courts. However, it all blew over and we became very good friends. …” Doyle, Conan, Memories and Reflections, 141Google Scholar. See also Conan Doyle's reply to Robertson Nicoll's criticisms of A Duet, in a letter to the editor of The Daily Chronicle (London), May 15, 1899.Google Scholar

46 Franklin Grant Richards (1872-1948), publisher and author. Because Richards had recently married, Conan Doyle decided to permit him to publish A Duet. [See Carr, , Life of Conan Doyle, 140Google Scholar.] On the early life and career of Richards, , see his Memories of a Misspent Youth, 1872-1896 (London, 1932).Google Scholar

47 Sir William Robertson Nicoll (1851-1923), journalist and critic, edited The Expositor (1885-1923), the British Weekly (1886-1923), and The Bookman (1891-1923). He has been described as the “most influential of … [the] mass-circulation mandarins” whose “literary judgments” in the powerful British Weekly were accepted whole-heartedly by the majority of his readers. The Bookman, which Nicoll founded in 1891, was another very important source of his influence. Gross, John, The Rise and Fall of the Man of Letters. A Study of the Idiosyncratic and the Humane in Modern Literature (New York, 1969), 203–05.Google Scholar

48 See Stead's, W. T.Shall I Slay My Brother Boer? An Appeal to the Conscience of Britain (London, 1899)Google Scholar; The Candidates for Cain. … (London, 1900)Google Scholar; How Not to Make Peace. Evidence as to Homestead Burning. … (London, 1901)Google Scholar; Methods of Barbarism” (London, 1901).Google Scholar

49 Doyle, Conan, Memories and Adventures, 148–83.Google Scholar

50 Nordon, , Sir Arthur Conan Doyle, 5052Google Scholar; see also Doyle, A. Conan, The Great Boer War (London, 1901).Google Scholar

51 Nordon, , Sir Arthur Conan Doyle, 53Google Scholar; Carr, , Life of Conan Doyle, 175.Google Scholar

52 [Stead, W. T.], “The Great Boer War. By Dr. Conan Doyle,” Review of Reviews, XXII (Nov. 1900), 498.Google Scholar

53 See fn. 48.

54 Doyle, A. Conan, The War in South Africa: Its Cause and Conduct (London, 1902)Google Scholar; see also Nordon, , Sir Arthur Conan Doyle, 5657Google Scholar; Carr, , Life of Conan Doyle, 187–92.Google Scholar

55 Stead was referring to information he had obtained from Col. Maurice Moore in South Africa through Col. Moore's brother, the novelist George Moore. Much of this information was published by Stead in broadsheets and in some of his pamphlets over the signature “An Officer in Command” in South Africa. See Baylen, Joseph O., “George Moore, W. T. Stead, and the Boer War,” Studies in English, III (1962), 4960.Google Scholar

56 Undated letter quoted in Carr, , Life of Conan Doyle, 189–90.Google Scholar

57 Ibid., 190.

58 Conan Doyle to Mrs. Mary Doyle, [Jan. 1902], Conan Doyle Papers. Also quoted in Nordon, , Sir Arthur Conan Doyle, 63n.Google Scholar

59 Nordon, , Sir Arthur Conan Doyle, 64ffGoogle Scholar; Carr, , Life of Conan Doyle, 189.Google Scholar

60 Conan Doyle, The War in South Africa, passim.

61 Carr, , Life of Conan Doyle, 191–96Google Scholar; Nordon, , Sir Arthur Conan Doyle, 69.Google Scholar

62 See Scott, Robertson, Life and Death of a Newspaper, 239.Google Scholar

63 Doyle, Conan, Memories and Adventures, 82.Google Scholar

64 Nordon, , Sir Arthur Conan Doyle, 185–86Google Scholar; see also Laing, Allan‘A Night to Remember’,” The Shavian, No. 14 (Feb. 1959), 1113.Google Scholar

65 Doyle, Conan, Memories and Adventures, 82.Google Scholar

66 For an excellent discussion of Conan Doyle's interest in and advocacy of spiritualism, see Nordon, Sir Arthur Conan Doyle, chap. ix.

67 Stead, W. T., After Death. A Personal Narrative (London, 1914)Google Scholar. This work was the “New and Enlarged Edition” of Stead's, Letters from Julia, first published in 1897.Google Scholar

68 Conan Doyle to Gen. Innes Doyle, [1917], Conan Doyle Papers. My italics.

69 Nordon, , Sir Arthur Conan Doyle, 184.Google Scholar