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The Origins and Demise of the Ethiopia-Eritrea Federation

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  13 August 2021

Semere Haile
Semere Haile*
Affiliation:
Institute of International Studies, University of California, Berkeley
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Extract

In the late 1970s, the Ethiopia-Eritrea conflict and the Ethiopia-Somalia border war over the Ogaden region has centered world attention on Soviet-Cuban activities in the Horn of Africa. Although the Somali army was defeated by the combined powers of the Ethiopians and the Soviet-Cuban forces in mid-March 1978, the tension between the two countries was still high. Among the other problems facing the region is that of the Eritrean struggle for self-determination.

Type
Focus: Self-Determination and National Sovereignty in Africa
Information
African Issues , Volume 15 , 1987 , pp. 9 - 17
Copyright
Copyright © African Studies Association 1987 

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References

Notes

1. Alan Hoben, “The Origin of Famine”, The New Republic, January 21, 1985, pp. 17-19; Jack Shepherd, “The Politics of Food Aid”, Africa Report, March-April 1985, p. 53.

2. General Assembly Official Record: Third Session, Part II, Plenary Meetings, 5 April May, 1949, p. 596.

3. G.A.O.R.: Fifth Session, Plenary Meetings, 20 September-10 December, 1949, p. 302.

4. G.A.O.R.: Fifth Session, Report of the United Nations Commission for Eritrea, Supplement No. 8 (A/1285). 1950, p. 21.

5. Ibid., p. 30.

6. G.A.O.R.: Fifth Session, Ad Hoc Political Committee, 27 November, 1950, p. 9.

7. G.A.O.R.: Fifth Session, Plenary Meetings, 1950, pp. 536-537.

8. G.A.O.R.: Fifth Session, Ad Hoc Political Committee, 8 November, 1950, p. 346.

9. G.A.O.R.: Fifth Session, Plenary Meetings, op. cit., p. 546.

10. Black, Edwin R. and Cairns, C., “A Different Perspective on Canadian Federalism”, Canadian Federalism: Myth or Reality, J. Peter Meekison, ed., Toronto, 1968, p. 82.Google Scholar

11. Final Report of the United Nations Commissioner in Eritrea, cit., pp. 47, 7.

12. G.A.O.R.: Fifth Session, Final Report of the United Nations Commissioner in Eritrea, Supplement No. 15 (A/2188), 1952, pp. 6-7.

13. Final Report of the United Nations Commissioner in Eritrea, op cit., p. 19.

14. Ibid., p. 20.

15. Ibid.

16. Spencer, John H., Ethiopia at Bay: A Personal Account oftheHaile Selassie Years, Algonac, MI, 1984, p. 249.Google Scholar

17. Fessehatzion, Tekle, “The International Dimensions of the Eritrean Question”, Horn of Africa Journal, Vol. 6, No. 2, 1983, p. 16.Google Scholar

18. G.A.O.R.: Seventh Session, Ad Hoc Political Committee, 11-12 December 1952, p. 247.

19. G.A.O.R.: Seventh Session, Final Report of the United Nations Commissioner in Eritrea, Supplement No. 15 (A/2188), 1952, p. 70.

20. G.A.O.R.: Seventh Session, Plenary Meetings, 1952-53, Annexes, pp. 2-3; and Ad Hoc Political Committee, 1952 op cit., pp. 239-254.

21. Quoted in Eritrean Liberation Front, Eritrea: The National Democratic Revolution versus Ethiopian Expansionism, Beirut: ELF Foreign Information Center, 1979, p. 24.

22. Eritrean Liberation Front, Eritrea and the Federal Act, Presented to the Afro-Arab Summit Conference, Cairo, 7 March 1977, pp. 97.

23. Eritrean Liberation Front, Eritrea and the Federal Act, op. cit., p. 102.

24. Farer, Tom J., War Clouds on the Horn of Africa, Washington, D.C.: Carnegie Endowment for International Peace, 1976, p. 29 Google Scholar; Sherman, Richard, Eritrea: The Unfinished Revolution, New York, 1980, p. 28 Google Scholar; Ghebre Medhin Yordanos, “Eritrea: Background to Revolution”, Monthly Review, 28, September, 1976, p. 59.

25. Tom J. Farer, op. cit., p. 29.

26. G.K.N. Trevaskis, Eritrea: A Colony in Transition, 1941-52, Oxford University Press, London, 1960, p. 131.Google Scholar

27. Richard Sherman, op. cit., p. 29.

28. Eritrean Liberation Front, Eritrea and the Federal Act, op. cit., p. 105.