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The Work of Zion: An Analysis of an African Zionist Ritual

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  23 January 2012

Extract

African Zionist ritual is for the patient. The ambiguity is intended. Not only is Zionist ritual a healing rite but it makes demands on the patience of the participant. In the South African township of Kwa Mashu where African Zionists meet in small groups of from six to thirty people called Ibandla, i.e. a band, the meeting which takes place in one small room normally lasts for four or five of the hottest hours of the day. This is usually a Sunday. An occasional variant is to begin the meeting the previous midnight and continue into daylight. In either case, the most palpable feature of the meeting is its lack of urgency. It seems to meander indulgently from one unmanaged moment to the next and its atmosphere of unplanned relaxation leaves one with no expectation that it will ever end. The whole tenor of the meeting is therefore alien to the imposition of an organizational framework based on the division of activities into strict time intervals. Nevertheless time does intrude. In the course of the meeting the minister will more than once consult a watch ostentatiously placed before him on the table or he will interrupt activities publicly to enquire the time. Despite the general trend, therefore, some attempt is being made to measure and control the use of time. This is one way of stating the basic paradox of a Zionist meeting; despite an absence of overall control there are visible signs that control is somehow being exercised.

Résumé

LES OEUVRES DE SION

En dépit du désordre et de la spontanéité qui sont les caractéristiques les plus durables du rite Sioniste, le participant est continuellement amené à accepter un certain ordre qui lui est imposé à plusieurs reprises. Pour le démontrer, l'évènement rituel est composé de quatre séquences importantes distinctes, qui sont chacune construite sur un thème dominant: définition du groupe, exposé de son but, exercice des fonctions, expression des pouvoirs. Il est possible d'analyser chaque séquence en tant qu'ensemble de communication divisé en sujet, discussion, conclusion. Donc, si l'exposé du sujet est l'intérêt majeur, le but dans lequel le travail de la réunion est entrepris forme le thème, cela donne lieu à des prières sans accord et sans ordre, avant de faire place à des prieres accordées et disciplinées. Dans chaque séquence on choisit un but, par exemple, définition de membres, texte des écritures, malheurs individuels, il y a une période de conflit sans contrôle, puis l'ordre et le calme sont éventuellement restaurés. Ainsi, le contrôle est établi, perdu et rétabli plusieurs fois au cours de la réunion. Dans tout cela l'euphorie communale s'accroît, et il y a un rapport permanent entre les diverses expressions de contrôle et la transformation progressive des participants. Une analyse détaillée des séquences les plus importantes tend à prouver qu'une dialectiqae bruyante entre l'ordre et le désordre, loin d'avoir une influence néfaste, est essentielle à la créátion d'une communauté Sioniste et à son renouvellement dans la succession des rites.

Type
Research Article
Information
Africa , Volume 46 , Issue 4 , October 1976 , pp. 340 - 356
Copyright
Copyright © International African Institute 1976

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