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Stabilization in the Manyika Dialect of the Shona Group1

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  21 August 2012

Hazel Carter
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Extract

A Stable word may be defined as a form which is capable of standing by itself as a complete sentence, other than a free verbal tense. In Manyika the categories of words found stabilized are independent and dependent nominals, proper names and, but rarely, relative verbal tenses.

Résumé

LES ÉLÉMENTS STABILISATEURS DE LA LANGUE MANYIKA

Les éléments stabilisateurs de la langue manyika sont comme suit:

(i) le ton haut sur le préfixe pour les nominaux indépendants, les nominaux dépendants ayant une forme de préfixe identique et la série -mŋé (le numéral un).

(ii) i- préfixé aux nominaux avec préfixe zéro, sauf la classe 1a.

(iii) ndi- préfixé aux nominaux des classes 1a et 2a, y compris les noms propres et deux des nominaux sans thème.

(iv) ŋge- avec ton variable préfixé à des mots ayant d'autres préfixes dépendants, les autres nominaux sans thème, et quelquefois des adjectifs et noms verbaux relatifs.

Les dispersions tonales des variantes stables et instables sont généralement limitées à deux membres, mais on en a constaté plus dans le cas de certains mots qui se stabilisent avec ŋge-.

L'élément stabilisateur négatif est hándi- ou sándi-, dans tous les cas.

Type
Research Article
Information
Africa , Volume 26 , Issue 4 , October 1956 , pp. 398 - 405
Copyright
Copyright © International African Institute 1956

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References

page 398 note 2 The terminology throughout this article is based on that of Professor Malcolm Guthrie, and especially as used by DrAtkins, W. G. in ‘The Parts of Speech in Nyanja’ (The Nyasaland Journal, vol. iii, No. 1).Google Scholar

page 398 note 3 As proposed by Professor Doke, C. M. in The Unification of the Shona Dialects (1931)Google Scholar and adopted, with modifications, by the Shona Language Committee in 1932.

page 398 note 4 The tone depends on the pattern of the following word.

page 398 note 5 Fortune, , op. cit., pp. 168–9Google Scholar, paras. 332–4, considers the stems to be -sé and -gd and the prefixes wé− and é− respectively.

page 402 note 1 There are many variants of SN 4, except for the 1 st and 2nd persons. In the speech of some people there are double formations analysable as SN 3 plus SN 1 or 2, with elision of initial i− of the second component, e.g., ícoi, icoco. This enclitic use of SNs 1 and 2 is quite regular. In the speech of others the second vowel shows alternance, with or without difference of final vowel, e.g., ipopa, ipapo (Cl. 16) and iceco, icoco (Cl. 7). See also Fortune, G., op. cit., p. 160Google Scholar, para. 318.