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Manjaco Rulers After a Revolution

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  03 March 2011

Abstract

This article juxtaposes a series of vignettes that feature the attitudes of the Manjaco of post-revolutionary Guinea-Bissau to traditional rulers with a similar series of vignettes E. E. Evans-Pritchard used to paint a portrait of Azande attitudes towards aristocrats. It poses the question: if what Evans-Prichard wrote about the Azande reflects the desires and preoccupations of a typical colonialist anthropology, what might the way we write about Manjaco reveal about postcolonialist anthropology as it is currently being constructed? Evans-Pritchard drew a sharp distinction between the idealised ‘before’ and the all too unpleasantly real ‘after’ of the colonial encounter. In the Azande version of this dichotomy authority is ultimately intact and unquestioned on one side of the historic divide. On the other side authority is about to disappear, with colonialism's impositions being the catalyst of this disappearance. By contrast, Manjaco were more likely to revile than revere their kings, and they tended to treat this as an enduring fact rather than to historicise it. Manjaco were also bad subjects and citizens. Or so it has seemed to colonial administrators and revolutionaries. Are we to frame this pervasive cynicism about authority and order as a kind of degeneration—an extension of colonial-era malaise into the era of the postcolony? Or are we to take Manjaco attitudes at face value? The article suggests that, in posing such questions, an emerging postcolonialist anthropology is inevitably a reflection of our view of the capacity of people like the Manjaco to make society work in the postcolonial era.

Résumé

Cet article juxtapose, d'une part, des croquis illustrant le comportement des Manjaks de la Guinée-Bissau postrévolutionnaire face aux dirigeants traditionnels et, d'autre part, des croquis similaires d'Evans-Pritchard dressant un portrait du comportement des Azandes face aux aristocrates. Il pose la question suivante: si ce qu'Evans-Pritchard écrivait à propos des Azandes traduit les désirs et les préoccupations d'une anthropologie colonialiste typique, que peut révéler ce que nous écrivons des Manjaks sur l'anthropologie postcolonialiste telle qu'elle se construit actuellement? Evans-Pritchard établissait une distinction nette entre l' «avant» idéalisé et l' «après» bien trop désagréablement réel de la période coloniale. Dans la version azande de cette dichotomie, l'autorité ressort intacte et incontestée d'un côté de la ligne de partage historique. De l'autre côté de cette ligne, l'autorité est sur le point de disparaître, les impositions du colonialisme étant l'élément catalyseur de cette disparition. A contrario, les Manjaks étaient plus susceptibles de vilipender que de révérer leurs rois et ils avaient tendance à le traiter comme un fait immuable plutôt que de l'historiser, Les Manjaks étaient également de mauvais sujets et citoyens. Ou du moins c'est ce que pensaient les administrateurs et les révolutionnaires. Faut-il considérer ce cynisme généralisé envers l'autorité et l'ordre comme une forme de dégénérescence—un prolongement du malaise de l'ère coloniale dans l'ère de la postcolonie? Ou faut-il se contenter de juger le comportement des Manjaks sur les apparences? L'article suggère qu'en posant ces questions, une anthropologie postcolonialiste émergente est inévitablement le reflet de notre opinion sur la capacité des peuples comme les Manjaks à faire fonctionner la société dans l'ère postcoloniale.

Type
Research Article
Copyright
Copyright © International African Institute 2003

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