In this paper, the second of two associated papers on IFR heliports, the requirements outlined in the first paper by Mr. F. W. Free for electronic approach aids are examined in more detail and the current status of technical development reviewed.

If the necessary reliability of service to the heliport is to be maintained under adverse weather conditions, then some form of electronic approach and landing system will be required in order to satisfy the stringent safety requirements set by the CAA and in particular, the obstacle clearance criteria in an urban environment. In addition, the provision of an approach aid may give benefits in noise abatement arising from an accurately controlled flight profile even in adverse weather conditions.

The helicopter has the ability to operate from small spaces. Its ability to hover and fly slowly efficiently allows it to perform tasks such as surveillance and rescue even in an urban environment. It is however its ability to provide a form of transport into urban communities where surface transport is restricted by the number of routes and/or congestion, as well as to smaller but less readily reached locations that attracts much attention. The development of cost effective helicopters, as well as commercial helicopters with a larger payload indicate that the world is entering another phase in VTOL travel. It is therefore natural that one should consider the environmental factors in such operations.

The role of the Civil Aviation Authority in urban heliports, as with most other activities with which it is concerned, can effectively be summed up in one word — SAFETY. We are concerned, not only with safety of the helicopter crew and passengers, but also with third parties and property and, where relevant, other users of controlled or special rules airspace.

Unfortunately, like most other things, safety can only be achieved at a price and the price to pay is often at variance with commercial interests, private operators’ resources and even with the basic concept of helicopter operation. The Authority, by consultation has aimed at achieving an effective compromise by a flexible application of the criteria where it is safe to do so.

This paper is presented in relation to a medium sized coastal town in an English shire county.

The statutory functions of local planning authorities in England and Wales were consolidated in the Town & Country Planning Act, 1971 as amended by the Act of 1972. The general planning controls which are embodied in current legislation provide a framework for the submission of planning applications and their determination by local authorities.

Local Planning Authorities, and particularly District Councils, are empowered to determine a wide range of formal applications which relate to land within their own boundaries. The boundary of most coastal authorities stops at low water although there are exceptions, particularly in tidal estuaries.