Hostname: page-component-848d4c4894-v5vhk Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-07-07T22:08:30.438Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Studies into hail ingestion of turbofan engines using a rotating fan and spinner assembly

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  04 July 2016

H. Pant  and
P. M. Render
H. Pant
Affiliation:
Department of Aeronautical and Automotive Engineering and Transport StudiesLoughborough UniversityLoughborough, UK
P. M. Render
Affiliation:
Department of Aeronautical and Automotive Engineering and Transport StudiesLoughborough UniversityLoughborough, UK
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

Simulated hailstones were made to impact on the rotating spinner and fan assembly of a Williams FJ44 engine. The mass distribution of ice behind the fan was determined by use of a suction tube technique. Suction was added to ensure that the tube did not affect the flow through the fan assembly. The strong air flow behind the fan meant that the ice caught by the tube melted and evaporated. This made it difficult to accurately determine the mass distribution of ice. As a result, the simulated hailstones were made from a water-salt solution so that the weight of salt residue could be measured after the water had evaporated, and hence the amount of ice caught was determined. A parametric study into the hail ingestion characteristics of the fan assembly was carried out. The parameters studied included the radial position of the impact point, the rotational speed of the fan and the position of the splitter between the core engine and bypass duct. The results showed that the impact position had a major effect on the overall ice distribution, which was determined by the combination of blade geometry at the impact point and the rotational speed. The splitter position was shown to have a significant effect on the amount of ice passing into the bypass duct.

Type
Research Article
Information
The Aeronautical Journal , Volume 102 , Issue 1011 , January 1998 , pp. 45 - 52
Copyright
Copyright © Royal Aeronautical Society 1998 

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

Footnotes

†

Currently at Topmode Systems

References

1. Aerospace Industries Association, PC338-1 Project report, Investigation of Engine Power Loss and Instability in Inclement Weather, 1989.Google Scholar
2. Devine, K. Inclement weather induced aircraft engine power loss, 26th Joint Propulsion Conference & Exhibit, Orlando, Florida, July 1990, AIAA-90-2169.Google Scholar
3. Pan, H. and Render, P.M. Effect of target curvature on the impact characteristics of simulated hailstones. J Aero Eng, IMechE, 1997,211, (G2), pp 81–90.Google Scholar
4. Pan, H. and Render, P.M. Impact characteristics of hailstones simulating ingestion by turbofan aero engines, J Prop and Power, May-June 1996, 3, (12), pp 457–462.Google Scholar
5. Render, P.M. and Pan, H. Experimental studies into hail impact characteristics, J Prop and Power, November-December 1995, 11, (6), pp 1224–1230.Google Scholar
6. Pan, H. and Render, P.M. The influence of target rotation on impact characteristics of simulated hailstones, 31st Joint Propulsion Conference & Exhibit, July 1995, San Diego/CA, AIAA 95-3038.Google Scholar
7. Pan, H. and Render, P.M. Experimental studies into the hail ingestion of turbofan engines, 30th Joint Propulsion Conference & Exhibit, Indianapolis, IN, USA. AIAA 94-2956, June 1994.Google Scholar
8. Render, P.M., Pan, H., Sherwood, M. and Riley, S. Studies into the hail ingestion characteristics of turbofan engines, 29th Joint Propulsion Conference & Exhibit, Monterey/CA, AIAA 93-2174, 1993.Google Scholar
9. Rosin, P. and Rammler, E. The Laws governing the fitness of powdered coal, J lnst Fuel, October 1933, 7, Part 31, pp 29–36.Google Scholar
10. Macklin, W.C. The characteristics of natural hailstones and their interpretation, Meteorological Monographs, 1977, 16, American Meteorological Society.Google Scholar
11. Kidder, R.E. and Carte, A.E. Structure of artificial hailstones, J Atmos Res, 1, p 382.Google Scholar
12. Bailey, I.H. and Macklin, W.C. The surface configuration and internal structure of artificial hailstones, Q J Royal Met Soc, 94, 1968, pp 1–11.Google Scholar
13. Joint Airworthiness Authorities, Certification Review Item CRI-11, February 1991.Google Scholar