Hostname: page-component-848d4c4894-v5vhk Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-06-22T11:23:14.244Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

Measurement of the drag of various three-dimensional excrescences in turbulent boundary layers

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  04 July 2016

L. Gaudet*
Affiliation:
Royal Aircraft Establishment, Bedford

Summary

Measurements are described of the drags of various forms of three-dimensional excrescence mounted on balances installed in the walls of the working section of the RAE 8 ft x 8 ft wind tunnel. The tests cover a range of Mach numbers between 0·2 and 2·8 and a range of Reynolds number.

The excrescences tested include circular cylinders and wings mounted normal to the surface, fairing shapes and mushroom shaped rivet heads. For excrescences which were small compared with the boundary-layer thickness the scale effects were correlated in terms of the wall variables of the turbulent boundary layer. For circular cylinders and wings which protruded well into or beyond the boundary layer the drag may be determined by using a drag defect relationship. The fairings tested comprised half-bodies of revolution with pointed or rounded ends and bodies of rectangular, including square, section with pointed ends.

Type
Research Article
Copyright
Copyright © Royal Aeronautical Society 1987 

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

1. Haines, A. B. Subsonic aircraft drag: an appreciation of present standards. The Aeronautical Journal, 72, 687, 253266, March 1968.Google Scholar
2. Wieghardt, K. Increase of the turbulent frictional resistance caused by surface irregularities. MAP R&T No 103, June 1946, translation of ZWB FB 1563, 1942.Google Scholar
3. Hoerner, S. F. Fluid-dynamic drag, 1965.Google Scholar
4. Winter, K. G. and Gaudet, L. A programme of tests on the drag of excrescences proposed for the 8 ft X 8 ft tunnel and a brief analysis of some previous measurements. RAE Technical Memorandum Aero 1005, ARC 29634, 1967.Google Scholar
5. Gaudet, L. and Johnson, P. Measurement of the drag of various two-dimensional excrescences immersed in turbulent boundary layers at Mach numbers between 0·2 and 2·8. RAE Technical Report 70190, 1970.Google Scholar
6. Gaudet, L. and Johnson, P. Measurement of the drag of excresences immersed in turbulent boundary layers at Mach numbers between 0·2 and 2·8: Circular holes. RAE Technical Report 71181, 1971.Google Scholar
7. Gaudet, L. and Winter, K. G. Measurement of the drag of some characteristic aircraft experescences immersed in turbu lent boundary layers. RAE Technical Memorandum Aero 1538, 1973, also AGARD CP124, proceedings of AGARD Confer ence on Aerodynamic Drag, Turkey, 1973.Google Scholar
8. Gaudet, L. Measurement of the drag of various three-dimensional excrescences in turbulent boundary layers. RAE Technical Report 85068, August 1985.Google Scholar
9. Roshko, A. Experiments on flow past a circular cylinder at very high Reynolds number. J Fluid Mech, 10, 345356, 1961.Google Scholar
10. Welsh, C. J. The drag of finite length cylinders determined from flight tests at high Reynolds numbers for a Mach number range from 0·5 to 1·3. NACA TN 2941, June 1953.Google Scholar
11. Stanton, T. E. On the effects of air compression on drag and pressure distribution of cylinders of infinite aspect ratio. R&M 1210, 1929.Google Scholar
12. Gowen, F. E. and Perkins, E. W. Drag of circular cylinders for a wide range of Reynolds numbers and Mach number. NACA TN 2960, 1953.Google Scholar
13. Sykes, D. M. The supersonic and low-speed flows past circular cylinders of finite length supported at one end. J Fluid Mech, 12, 367387, 1962.Google Scholar
14. Walter, L. W. and Lange, A. H. Surface temperature and pressure distributions on a circular cylinder in supersonic cross-flow. NAVORD Report 2854, June 1953.Google Scholar
15. Horton, D. A. Drag performance of five excrescenses. Research on drag of large scale excrescences. BAC WT Report No 3264, July 1975.Google Scholar
16. ESDU. Supersonic base drag of cylindrical bodies with conical boat-tails. Item 79022. Engineering Sciences Data Unit, October 1979.Google Scholar