Hostname: page-component-7c8c6479df-p566r Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-03-28T08:00:26.728Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

Experimental and numerical study of mixing characteristics of a rectangular lobed mixer in supersonic flow

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  27 January 2016

Q.-C. Wang
Affiliation:
Science and Technology on Scramjet Laboratory, College of Aerospace Science and Engineering, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, China
J. Lei
Affiliation:
Science and Technology on Scramjet Laboratory, College of Aerospace Science and Engineering, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, China

Abstract

A combined experimental and computational study on a rectangular lobed mixer is performed. A series of simulations based on a steady Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes Simulation (RANS) are conducted to analyse the mixing mechanisms of large-scale streamwise structure shed by the trailing edge of lobed mixer, with emphasis being placed on the effect of turbulence modeling and inflow conditions. The simulations are validated in respect of velocity and scalar distribution against the data obtained through Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV) and Nanoparticle-based Planar Laser Scattering (NPLS) technique. The computational results predicted by the SST k –ω turbulence model show better agreement with the experimental data. But the small-scale turbulence structures are not captured accurately by these turbulence models. The convoluted shear layer shed from trailing edge is stretched and rotated by the large-scale streamwise vortices, forming an unstable ‘pinching-off’ structure, which increases the interfacial area. And at the interface of two streams, a large number of small-scale turbulence structures are formed, which contribute a lot to the mixing enhancement along with the increased interfacial area. The streamwise vorticity decays more rapidly with the decrease of velocity ratio and total pressure ratio of two streams. The scalar thickness which reflects the mixing rate of two streams increases with the decreasing velocity ratio and total pressure ratio.

Type
Research Article
Copyright
Copyright © Royal Aeronautical Society 2015

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

1.Papamouschou, D. and Roshko, A.The compressible turbulent shear layer: An experimental study, J Fluid Mechanics, 1988, 197, pp 453477.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
2.Elliott, G.S. and Samimy, M.Compressibility effects in free shear layers, Physics of Fluids, 1990, A2, pp 12311240.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
3.Gutmark, E.J., Schadow, K.C. and Yu, K.H.Mixing enhancement in supersonic free shear flows, Annu Rev Fluid Mech, 1995, 27, pp 375417.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
4.Seiner, J.M., Dash, S.M. and Kenzakowski, D.C.Historical survey on enhanced mixing in scramjet engine, J Propulsion and Power, 2001, 17, (6), pp 12731286.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
5.Kuchar, A.P. and Chamberlin, R. Scale model performance test investigation of exhaust system mixers for an energy effcient engine (E3), AIAA No 80-0229, 1980.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
6.Kozlowski, H. and Kraft, H. Experimental evaluation of exhaust mixers for an energy effcient engine, AIAA No 80-1088, 1980.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
7.Paterson, R.W. Turbofan forced mixer-nozzle internal flow field, Part 1-A benchmark experimental study, NASA CR-3492, 1982.Google Scholar
8.Garrison, L.A., Lyrintzis, A.S. and Blaisdell, G.A. RANS-Base noise predictions of jets with internal forced mixers, AIAA No 2006-2599, 2006.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
9.Presz, W.M. Jr., Reynolds, G. and McCormick, D. Thrust augmentation using mixer-ejector-diffuser systems, AIAA No 94-0020, 1994.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
10.Tillman, T.G. and Presz, Jr., Thrust characteristics of a supersonic mixer ejector, J Propulsion and Power, 1995, 11, (5), pp 931937.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
11.Shan, Y. and Zhang, J.Z.Numerical investigation of flow mixture enhancement and infrared radiation shield by lobed forced mixer, Applied Thermal Engineering, 2009, 29, pp 36873695.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
12.Srikrishnan, A.R., Kurian, J. and Sriramulu, V.Experimental study on mixing enhancement by petal nozzle in supersonic flow, J Propulsion and Power, 1996, 12, (1), pp 165169.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
13.Narayanan, A.K. and Damodaran, K.A.Experimental studies on piloted supersonic combustion using the petal nozzle, J Propulsion and Power, 1997, 13, (1), pp 142149.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
14.Smith, L.L., Majamak, A.J. and Lam, I.T., et alMixing enhancement in a lobed injector, Physics of Fluids, 1997, 9, (3), pp 667678.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
15.Majamaki, A.J., Smith, O.I. and Karagozian, A.R.Passive mixing control via lobed injectors in high-speed flow, AIAA J, 2003, 41, (4), pp 623632.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
16.Gerlinger, P., Stoll, P. and Kindler, M., et alInvestigation of mixing and combustion enhancement in supersonic combustors by strut induced streamwise vorticity, Aerosp Sci Technol, 2008, 12, pp 159168.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
17.McCormick, D.C. and Bennett, J.C.Vortical and turbulent structure of a lobed mixer free-shear layer, AIAA J, 1994, 3, (29), pp 18521859.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
18.Winant, C.D. and Browand, F.K.Vortex Pairing: The mechanism of turbulent mixing-layer growth at moderate Reynolds number, J Fluid Mechanics, 1974, 6, (32), pp 237255.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
19.Manning, T.A.Experimental studies if mixing flows with streamwise vorticity, MS Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, 1991.Google Scholar
20.Paterson, R.W.Turbofan mixer nozzle flow field-a benchmark experimental study, ASME J of Engineering for Gas Turbines and Power, 1984, 106, pp 692698.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
21.Werle, W.A., Paterson, R.W. and Presz, W.M. Jr. Flow structure in a periodic axial vortex array, AIAA No 87-610, 1987.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
22.Eckerle, W.A., Sheibani, H. and Awad, J.Experimental measurement of the vortex development downstream of a lobed forced mixer, J Engineering for Gas Turbine and Power, 1992, 114, pp 6371.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
23.Elliott, J.K., Manning, T.A. and Qiu, Y.J., et al Computational and experimental studies of flow in multi-lobed forced mixers, AIAA No 92-3568, 1992.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
24.Belovich, V.M. and Samimy, M.Mixing processes in a coaxial geometry with a central lobed mixer-nozzle, Aerospace Sciences Meeting and Exhibit, 34th, Reno, Nevada, USA, January 1996, pp 1518.Google Scholar
25.Hui, H., Tetsuo, S. and Toshio, K., et alResearch on the vortical and turbulent structures in the lobed jet flow using laser induced fuorescence and particle image velocimetry techniques, Meas Sci Technol, 2000, 11, pp 698711.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
26.Hui, H., Tetsuo, S. and Toshio, K., et alA study on a lobed jet mixing flow by using stereoscopic particle image velocimetry technique, Physics of Fluids, 2001, 13, pp 34253441, 2001.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
27.Hui, H., Tetsuo, S. and Toshio, K., et alMixing process in a lobed jet flow, AIAA J, 2002, 40, (7), pp 13391345.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
28.Hui, H., Tetsuo, S. and Toshio, K., et alSimultaneous measurements of all three components of velocity and vorticity vectors in a lobed jet flow by means of dual-plane stereoscopic particle image velocimetry, Physics of Fluids, 2002, 14, pp 21282138.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
29.Yu, S.C.M. and Xu, X.G.Confined coaxial nozzle flow with central lobed mixer at different velocity ratios, AIAA J, 1998, 36, (3), pp 349358.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
30.Mao, R.H., Yu, S.C.M. and Chua, L.P.Kelvin-Helmholtz and streamwise vortices in the near wake of a single-lobe forced mixer, Proceedings of the institution of mechanical engineers, Part G: J Aerospace Engineering, 2006, 220, pp 279298.Google Scholar
31.Mao, R H., Yu, S.C.M and Zhou, T., et alOn the vorticity characteristics of lobe-forced mixer at different confgurations, Exp. Fluids, 2009, 46, pp 10491066.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
32.Nastase, I., Meslem, A. and Gervais, P.Primary and secondary vortical structures contribution in the entrainment of low Reynolds number jet flows, Exp Fluids letter, 2008, 44, pp 10271033.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
33.Nastase, I. and Meslem, A.Vortex dynamics and mass entrainment in turbulent lobed jets with and without lobe defection angles, Exp Fluids, 2010, 48, pp 693714.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
34.Hassan, M.E. and Meslem, A.Time-resolved stereoscppic particle image velocimetry investigation of the entrainment in the near field of circular and daisy-shaped orifice jets, Physics of Fluids, 2010, 22, pp 126.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
35.Waitz, I.A., Qiu, Y.J. and Manning, T.A.Enhanced mixing with streamwise vorticity, Prog Aerospace Sci, 1997, 33, pp 323351.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
36.Tew, D.E.Streamwise vorticity enhanced compressible mixing downstream of lobed mixers, Doctor’s thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, 1997.Google Scholar
37.Tew, D.E. and Waitz, I.A.Impact of compressibility on mixing downstream of lobed mixers, AIAA J Technical notes, 2002, 42, (11), pp 23932396.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
38.Koutmos, P. and McGuirk, J.J.Turbofan forced mixer/nozzle temperature and flow field modeling, International J Heat and Mass Transfer, 1989, 32, (6), pp 11411153.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
39.O’Sullivan, M.N., Waitz, I. A. and Greitzer, E.M., et al A Computational study of viscous effects on lobed mixer flow features and performance, AIAA No 94-3085, 1994.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
40.Salman, H., McGuirk, J.J. and Page, G.J. A numerical study of vortex interactions in lobed mixer flow fields, AIAA No 99-33596, 1999.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
41.Salman, H., Page, G.J. and McGuirk, J.J.Prediction of lobed mixer vortical structures with a turbulence model, AIAA J, 2003, 41, (5), pp 878887.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
42.Georgiadis, N.J., Rumsey, C.L. and Yoder, D.A., et alTurbulence modeling effects on calculation of lobed nozzle flowfields, J Propulsion and Power, 2006, 22, (3), pp 567576.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
43.Strickland, J.H., Selerland, T. and Karagozian, A.R.Numerical simulations of a lobed fuel injector, Physics of Fluids, 1998, 10, (11), pp 29502964.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
44.Ooba, Y., Kodama, H. and Nakamura, Y., et al Large eddy simulation analysis of a 18-lobe convoluted mixer nozzle, AIAA No 2002-0717, 2002.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
45.BeBonis, J.R.Progress toward large-eddy simulations for prediction of realistic nozzle systems, J Propulsion and Power, 2007, 23, (5), pp 971980.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
46.Brinkerhoff, J.R., Oria, H. and Yaras, M.I.Experimental and computational study of mixing mechanisms in an axisymmetric lobed mixer, J Propulsion and Power, 2013, 29, (5), pp 10171030.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
47.Zhao, Y.X., Yi, S.H. and Tian, L.F., et alSupersonic flow imaging via nanoparticles, Science in China Series E: Technological Sciences, 2009, 52, pp 36403648.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
48.Wang, D.P., Zhao, Y.X. and Xia, Z.X., et alExperimental investigation of supersonic flow over a hemisphere, Chinese Science Bulletin Fluid Mechanics, 2012, 57, (15), pp 17651771.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
49.Wang, B., Liu, W.D. and Zhao, Y.X., et alExperimental investigation of the micro-ramp based shock wave and turbulent boundary layer interaction control, Physics of Fluids, 2012, 24, pp 617630.Google Scholar
50.Wang, D.P., Xia, Z.X. and Zhao, Y.X., et alVortical structures of supersonic flow over a delta-wing on a flat plate, Applied Physics Letters, 2013, 102, pp 14.Google Scholar
51. Fluent Inc Fluent 6.3 User’s Guide, Fluent Inc., Lebanon, New Hampshire, USA, 2006.Google Scholar
52.Wang, Q.H., Wang, Z.G. and Lei, J.et alCharacteristics of mixing enhanced by streamwise vortices in supersonic flow, Applied Physics Letters, 2013, 103, pp 14.Google Scholar
53.Brown, G. and Roshko, A.On density effects and large structures in turbulent mixing layers, J Fluid Mechanics, 1974, 64, pp 775816.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
54.Barber, T., Paterson, R.W. and Skebe, S.A. Turbofan forced mixer lobe flow modeling, Technical Report CR-4147 NASA, 1988.Google Scholar
55.Carlos, P.R.Compressibility effects in turbulent nonpremixed reacting shear flows, Doctor Thesis, Mechanical Engineering, University of California, San Diego, USA, 2000.Google Scholar