Hostname: page-component-848d4c4894-cjp7w Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-06-27T17:45:38.122Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

The Electrostatic Problem in Aircraft Fuellin

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  04 July 2016

E. F. Winter*
Affiliation:
Shell Research Ltd., Thornton Research Centre, Chester

Extract

The generation of electric charges in hydrocarbon fuels during transfer has been recognised for many years as an explosion hazard, and the oil companies have taken precautions against this danger as a matter of routine. Usually the hazard arises only in the early stages of handling, and is associated with the fast pumping of large quantities of product, particularly into large refinery tanks and tankers. The possibility of a hazard usually becomes less as the product approaches the consumer, owing to the successively smaller quantities pumped.

Type
Research Article
Copyright
Copyright © Royal Aeronautical Society 1962

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

1Klinkenberg, A. and van der Minne, J. L.Electrostatics in the Petroleum Industry. Elsevier Publishing Co., Amsterdam, London, New York and Princeton, 1958.Google Scholar
2.Harper, W. R.The Generation of Static Charge. Advances in Physics (Phil. Mag. Suppl.) 6, (24), 365, 1957.Google Scholar
3.Klinkenberg, A.Le Mouvement d'électricité accompagnant le Mouvement des Liquides et sa Conséquence, l'électricité dite Statique. Chimie et Industrie—Genie Chimique, 82, 149157, 1959.Google Scholar
4.Rogers, D. T. and Schleckser, C. E.Engineering and Theoretical Studies of Static Electricity in Fuels. Proc. 5th World Pet. Congr., Sect. VIII, 103 (New York, 1959).Google Scholar
5.Rogers, D. T., McDermott, J. P. and Munday, J. C.Theoretical and Experimental Observations of Static Electricity in Petroleum Products. Proc. Amer. Pet. Inst. 37 (Sect. Ill), 24, 1957.Google Scholar
6.Winter, E. F., Lewis, A. and Larsen, R. G.Fuel Handling Problems in the Jet Age. Advances in Petroleum Chemistry and Refining, Vol. VIII, Interscience Publishers Inc., New York (Awaiting publication).Google Scholar
7.Klinkenberg, A.Theoretical Aspects and Practical Implications of Static Electricity in the Petroleum Industry. Advances in Petroleum Chemistry and Refining, Vol. X, Interscience Publishers Inc., New York (Awaiting publication).Google Scholar
8.Schuringa, A. and Luttik, C.Measurement of Space Density of Charge in Flowing Liquids. J. Sci. Instr. 37, 332, 1960.Google Scholar
9.Manacher, G. K.. Matheson, W. E. and McKee, J. W. The Development of Electric Fields in the Gas Space above the Surface of a Liquid during Filling of Grounded-Boundary Rectangular Reservoirs. Douglas Aircraft Co. Inc. Report No. SM-22738, 1957.Google Scholar
10.Vellenga, S. J.Estimating the Electric Field inside a Rectangular Tank with Boundaries at Zero Potential. Appl. Sci. Res., Section B, 9, 35, 1961.Google Scholar
11.Wigley, K. J. and Carruthers, J. A. The Estimation of Electrostatic Potentials, Fields, and Energies in a Rectangular Metal Tank containing Charged Fuel. Paper to Inst. Pet., December 1961.Google Scholar
12. Co-ordinating Research Council. Electrostatic Discharge in Aircraft Fuel Systems—Phase II. (C.R.C. Project No. CA-22-59), 1961.Google Scholar
13.Bruinzeel, C. and Dale, H. L. Static Electricity in Aircraft Fuelling—Tests at Vickers-Armstrongs (Aircraft) Ltd. Shell Petroleum Company, Oil Products Development Department, Report No. 75/58M, 1958.Google Scholar
14. “Shell” Research Limited and Shell Internationale Research Maatschappij, N. V. Static Electricity in Aircraft Fuelling—Tests on a Simulated Wing Tank. Thornton Research Centre Report M.206, 1960.Google Scholar
15.Klinkenberg, A. and Poulston, B. V.Antistatic Additives in the Petroleum Industry. J. Inst Pet. 44, (419), 380, 1958.Google Scholar
16.Klinkenberg, A.Antistatic Doping Safeguards Shipments of Petroleum Products. Proc. Amer. Pet. Inst. (Section III), 37, 65, 1957.Google Scholar
17.Holdsworth, M. P., van der Minne, J. L. and Vellenga, S. J.Electrostatic Charging during the White Oil Loading of Tankers. Trans. Inst. Marine Engrs., 74, (2), 29, 1962.Google Scholar