Hostname: page-component-77c89778f8-vpsfw Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-07-23T07:00:44.006Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

Evaluation of aero gas turbine preliminary weight estimation methods

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  27 January 2016

P. Lolis*
Affiliation:
Department of Power and Propulsion, School of Engineering, Cranfield University, Bedfordshire, UK
P. Giannakakis
Affiliation:
Department of Power and Propulsion, School of Engineering, Cranfield University, Bedfordshire, UK
V. Sethi
Affiliation:
Department of Power and Propulsion, School of Engineering, Cranfield University, Bedfordshire, UK
A. J. B. Jackson
Affiliation:
Department of Power and Propulsion, School of Engineering, Cranfield University, Bedfordshire, UK
P. Pilidis
Affiliation:
Department of Power and Propulsion, School of Engineering, Cranfield University, Bedfordshire, UK

Abstract

The estimation of gas turbine engine weight during the preliminary or conceptual design phase is a key part of a Techno-economic Environmental Risk Analysis (TERA). Several methods that are available in the public domain are analysed and compared, in order to establish the physics driving them and their suitability for the weight estimation of modern gas turbine engines. Among the tested methods, only WATE managed to achieve acceptable accuracy for engine optimisation studies. This work demonstrates that the age and restrictions of existing ‘whole engine based’ methods, along with their dependency on old engine databases make them unsuitable for future and novel aero engines. A hybrid weight modelling approach is proposed as a solution permitting the creation of simple ‘whole engine based’ methods that do not depend on the availability of existing engine data, which are also subject to uncertainties and incoherencies.

Type
Research Article
Copyright
Copyright © Royal Aeronautical Society 2014 

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

1. Birch, N.T. 2020 vision: The prospects for large civil aircraft propulsion, Aeronaut J, August 2000, 104, 1038, pp 347352.Google Scholar
2. Butterworth-Hayes, P. Europe reaches for aerospace dominance, Aerospace America, August 2004, 42, (8), pp 3640.Google Scholar
3. Green, J.E. Greener by design, Aeronaut J, February 2002, 106, (1056), pp 57113.Google Scholar
4. Ogaji, S.O.T., Pilidis, P. and Sethi, V. Advanced power plant selection: The TERA (Techno-economic Environmental Risk Analysis) Framework, ISABE 2009 Proceedings, ISABE-2009-1115, 2009.Google Scholar
5. Bretschneider, S., Staudacher, S. and Arago, O. Architecture of a techno-economic and environmental risk assessment tool using a multi-modular build approach, ISABE 2007 Proceedings, ISABE-2007-1103, 2007.Google Scholar
6. Jackson, A.J.B. Optimisation Of Aero And Industrial Gas Turbine Design For The Environment, PhD Thesis, School of Engineering, Cranfield University, Bedfordshire, UK, 2009.Google Scholar
7. Whitehead, L.T and Brown, J. A mechanical design for a lightweight turbo-jet engine and the variation of engine weight with size, National Gas Turbine Establishment M. 177, 1953.Google Scholar
8. Pennington, W.A. Choice of engines for aircraft, Shell Aviation News, January 1959, pp 1419.Google Scholar
9. Guha, A., Boylan, D. and Gallagher, P. Determination of optimum specific thrust for civil aero gas turbine engines: a multidisciplinary design synthesis and optimisation, Proc IMechE Part G: J Aerospace Engineering, 2012, 227, (3).Google Scholar
10. Svoboda, C. Turbofan engine database as a preliminary design tool, Aircraft Design, 2000, 3, pp 1731.Google Scholar
11. Raymer, D.P. Aircraft design: A conceptual approach, 1989, Washington, USA, AIAA, pp 233236.Google Scholar
12. Jenkinson, L.R., Simpkin, P. and Rhodes, D. Civil Jet Aircraft Design, London, UK, Butterwoth-Heinemann, 1999, pp 139140.Google Scholar
13. Daly, M. Jane’s Aero-Engines, IHS Janes, 2010.Google Scholar
14. Torenbeek, E. Synthesis of Subsonic Airplane Design, The Hague, The Netherlands, Martinus Nijhoff, 1975, pp 129130.Google Scholar
15. Gerend, R.P. and Roundhill, J.P. Correlation of gas turbine engine weights and dimensions, AIAA-1970-669, 1970.Google Scholar
18. Sagerser, D.A., Lieblein, S. and Krebs, R.P. Empirical expressions for estimating length and weight of axial-flow components of VTOL powerplants, NASA TM X-2406,1971.Google Scholar
19. Pera, R.J., Onat, E., Klees, G.W. and Tjonneland, E. A method to estimate weight and dimensions of aircraft gas turbine engines. Volume 1: Method of analysis, NASA CR-135170, 1977.Google Scholar
20. Klees, G.W. and Fishbach, L.H. Aircraft engine weight estimation method, Proceedings of the thirty-seventh annual conference of the Society of Allied Weight Engineers, SAWE No 1248, 1978.Google Scholar
21. Onat, E. and Klees, G.W. A method to estimate weight and dimensions of large and small gas turbine engines, NASA CR-159481, 1979.Google Scholar
22. Hale, P.L. A method to estimate weight and dimensions of small aircraft propulsion gas turbine engines, NASA CR-168049, 1982.Google Scholar
23. Tong, M.T., Halliwell, I. and Ghosn, L.J. A computer code for gas turbine engine weight and disk life estimation, J Engineering for Gas Turbines and Power, April 2004, 126, (2), pp 265270.Google Scholar
24. Tong, M.T. and Naylor, B.A. An object-oriented computer code for aircraft engine weight estimation, Proceedings of the ASME Turbo Expo, 2008, 1, pp 17.Google Scholar
25. Sanghi, V., Kumar, K., Sundararajan, V. and Sane, S.K. Preliminary estimation of engine gas-flow-path size and weight, J Propulsion and Power, March-April 1998, 14, (2), pp 208214.Google Scholar
26. Merriman, J.E. Turbofan engine weight (TEW I). Douglas Aircraft Co, DAC-67265, 1969.Google Scholar
27. Stevens, E.C. Engine weight and size estimating techniques, Allison Div, General Motors Corp, SEG-TR-66-36, 1966.Google Scholar
28. Parker, W.H. and Love, G.G. Presentation of turbine engine weight estimating techniques at Wright Patterson air force base. Proceedings of the Third Weight Prediction Workshop for Advanced Aerospace Design Projects, October 1967.Google Scholar
29. Holden, F.R. A statistical study of turbojet engine component weights. Naval Air Development Center (NADC) AC-5310-A, 1954.Google Scholar
30. Gas turbine engineering group The TURBOMATCH scheme, User’s manual, School of Engineering, Cranfeld University, Bedfordshire, UK, 2008.Google Scholar
31. Macmillan, W.L. Development of a Module Type Computer Program for the Calculation of Gas Turbine Off Design Performance, PhD Thesis, School of Engineering, Cranfield University, Bedfordshire, UK, 1974.Google Scholar
32. Pachidis, V Pilidis, P., Marinai, L. and Templalexis, I. Towards a full two dimensional gas turbine performance simulator, Aeronaut J, 2007, 111, (1121), pp 433442.Google Scholar
33. Giannakakis, P., Laskaridis, P. and Pilidis, P. Effects of offtakes for aircraft secondary-power systems on jet engine effciency, J Propulsion and Power, 2011, 27, (5).Google Scholar
34. RTO Applied Vehicle Technology Panel (AVT) Task Group AVT-036, Performance Prediction and Simulation of Gas Turbine Engine Operation, RTO TR-AVT-036, 2007.Google Scholar
35. Giannakakis, P. Design space exploration and performance modelling of advanced turbofan and open-rotor engines, Eng.D. Thesis, School of Engineering, Cranfield University, Bedfordshire, UK, 2013.Google Scholar
36. Doulgeris, G. Modelling and Integration of Advanced Propulsion Systems, PhD Thesis, School of Engineering, Cranfield University, Bedfordshire, UK, 2008.Google Scholar
37. Whellens, M.W. Multidisciplinary Optimization of Aero-Engines Using Genetic Algorithms and Preliminary Design Tools, PhD Thesis, School of Engineering, Cranfield Univesity, Bedfordshire, UK, 2003.Google Scholar
38. Colmenares Quintero, R.F. Techno-economic and enviromental risk assessment of innovative propulsion systems for short-range civil aircraft, PhD Thesis, School of Engineering, Cranfield University, Bedfordshire, UK, 2009.Google Scholar
39. Doulgeris, G., Korakianitis, T., Avital, E.J., Pilidis, P. and Laskaridis, P. Effect of jet noise reduction on gas turbine engine efficiency. Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part G: J Aerospace Engineering, 2013, 227, (9), pp 14411455.Google Scholar
40. Korsia, J.-J. VITAL - European R&D programme for greener aero-engines. ISABE 2007 Proceedings, ISABE-2007-1118, 2007.Google Scholar
41. Wilfert, G., Sieber, J., Rolt, A., Baker, N., Touyeras, A. and Colantuoni, S. New environmental friendly aero engine core concepts. ISABE 2007 Proceedigns, ISABE-2007-1120, 2007.Google Scholar