Hostname: page-component-76fb5796d-vvkck Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-04-26T17:28:18.383Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Measuring Graphitic Carbon and Crystalline Minerals in Coals and Bottom Ashes

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  06 March 2019

David L. Wertz ,
Leo W. Collins  and
Franz Froelicher
David L. Wertz
Affiliation:
Dept, of Chemistry & Center for Coal Product Research University of Southern Mississippi Hattiesburg, MS 39406-5043
Leo W. Collins
Affiliation:
Dept, of Chemistry & Center for Coal Product Research University of Southern Mississippi Hattiesburg, MS 39406-5043
Franz Froelicher
Affiliation:
Dept, of Chemistry & Center for Coal Product Research University of Southern Mississippi Hattiesburg, MS 39406-5043
Get access

Abstract

The use of coal, as either a primary energy source or as a source of feedstock chemicals, has been complicated by the noxious and toxic chemical species formed in its gaseous effluents and also by the huge quantities of ash vhich result from its processing. Both the noxious gases and the ash have been the subjects of Federal legislations.

X-ray powder patterns (XRPP), composed of atom-pair and self x~ray scattering and the diffraction produced by crystalline phases, have long been used to investigate coals and particularly their combustion ashes (1-3). Over twenty different crystalline phases have recently been reported to exist in certain lignite fly ash (3). Analysis of the crystalline phases has typically been emphasized in previous papers involving coals and ashes, but the amorphous scattering has been given little treatment.

Type
IV. Quantitative and Qualitative XRD Phase Analysis
Information
Advances in X-Ray Analysis , Volume 31: Thirty-Sixth Annual Conference on Applications of X-ray Analysis, August 3-7, 1987 , 1987 , pp. 343 - 349
Copyright
Copyright © International Centre for Diffraction Data 1987

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

1. Franklin, R.E., Acta Crvstallopr. 3, 107 (1950).Google Scholar
2. Rwan, J.T. and Yen, T.F., A.Civ, C.S.. Fuel Chem., 21, 67 (1976).Google Scholar
3. McCarthy, G.J., Powder Diffraction, 50 (1986).Google Scholar
4. Werta, D.L., Collins, L.W., McMurtrey, K.D. and Knight, T.J., Energy and Fuels. submitted, 1987.Google Scholar
5. Ohtsuka, Y., Tamai, Y. and Bmita, A., Energy and Fuels, (1987).Google Scholar
6. Davis, B.L., Johnson, L.R., Mebrahtu, O. T., Powder Diffraction, 1, 244 (1986).Google Scholar
7. Klug, H. P. and Alexander, L.A., “X-ray Diffraction Procedures 2nd Ed.,” John Wiley & Sons, NY, 1974, p. 215.Google Scholar
8. Collins, L.W., unpublished results, 1986.Google Scholar
9. Gould, R.F., ed., “Organic Chemistry of Coal”, Am. Chem. Soc., Washington, DC, 1978, Ch. 2.Google Scholar
10. Konnert, J.A. and Karle, J., Acta CrYStallogr., A29, 702 (1973).Google Scholar