Skip to main content Accessibility help
×
Hostname: page-component-8448b6f56d-42gr6 Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-04-23T06:57:55.335Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

Contractarianism

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  24 January 2020

Summary

This Element provides a systematic defense of moral contractarianism as a distinct approach to the social contract. It elucidates, in comparison to moral conventionalism and moral contractualism, the distinct features of moral contractarianism, its scope, and conceptual and practical challenges that concern the relationship between morality and self-interest, the problems of assurance and compliance, rule-following, counterfactualism, and the nexus between morals and politics. It argues that, if appropriately conceived, moral contractarianism is conceptually coherent, empirically sound, and practically relevant, and has much to offer to contemporary moral philosophy.
Get access
Type
Element
Information
Online ISBN: 9781108634090
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Print publication: 13 February 2020

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

Bibliography

Abizadeh, Arash. 2018. Hobbes and the Two Faces of Ethics. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Adler, Matthew. 2014. “Extended Preferences and Interpersonal Comparisons: A New Account.Economics and Philosophy 30(2): 123162.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Alexander, Jason McKenzie. 2007. The Structural Evolution of Morality. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Aligica, Paul, and Tarko, Vlad. 2011. “Polycentricity: From Polanyi to Ostrom, and Beyond.Governance 25(2): 237262.Google Scholar
Axelrod, Robert. 1981. “The Emergence of Cooperation Among Egoists.The American Political Science Review 75(2): 306318.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Axelrod, Robert. 1984. The Evolution of Cooperation. New York: Basic Books.Google Scholar
Bagnoli, Carla. 2017. “Constructivism in Metaethics.” In Zalta, Edward N., ed., The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy. Stanford, CA: Stanford University.Google Scholar
Barrett, Jacob. 2019. “Interpersonal Comparisons with Preferences and Desires.Politics, Philosophy & Economics 18(3): 219241.Google Scholar
Barry, Brian 1965. Political Argument. London: Routledge & Kegan Paul.Google Scholar
Barry, Brian. 1989. Theories of Justice. Berkeley: University of California Press.Google Scholar
Becker, Garry. 1976. The Economic Approach to Human Behavior. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.Google Scholar
Binmore, Ken. 1993. “Bargaining and Morality.” In Gauthier, David and Sugden, Robert, eds., Rationality, Justice and the Social Contract: Themes from Morals by Agreement, 131156. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press.Google Scholar
Binmore, Ken. 1994. Game Theory and the Social Contract, Vol. 1. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.Google Scholar
Binmore, Ken. 1998. Game Theory and the Social Contract, Vol. 2. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.Google Scholar
Binmore, Ken. 2005. Natural Justice. New York: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Binmore, Ken. 2010. “Interpersonal Comparison in Egalitarian Societies.European Journal of Political Economy 26(3): 294301.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bowles, Samuel, and Gintis, Herbert. 2011. A Cooperative Species: Human Reciprocity and its Evolution. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.Google Scholar
Braithwaite, Richard. 1955. Theory of Games as a Tool for the Moral Philosopher. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Broome, John. 1991. Weighing Goods. Cambridge: Basil Blackwell.Google Scholar
Bruner, Justin. 2015. “Diversity, Tolerance, and the Social Contract.Politics, Philosophy & Economics 14(4): 429448.Google Scholar
Bruner, Justin. forthcoming. “Bargaining and the Dynamics of Divisional Norms.” Synthese.Google Scholar
Bruner, Justin, and Lindauer, Matthew. forthcoming. “The Varieties of Impartiality, or, Would an Egalitarian Endorse the Veil?” Philosophical Studies.Google Scholar
Buchak, Laura. 2013. Risk and Rationality. Oxford: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Coakley, Mathew. 2016. “Interpersonal Comparisons of the Good: Epistemic not Impossible.Utilitas 28(3): 288313.Google Scholar
Cochran, Calvin, and O’Connor., Cailin forthcoming. “Inequality and Inequity in the Emergence of Conventions.” Politics, Philosophy & Economics.Google Scholar
Cooper, Dominick. 2019. “The Weak Principle of Universalization and the Vulnerable: Comments on Minimal Morality.Analysis 79(1): 116128.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Copp, David. 1991. “Contractarianism and Moral Skepticism.” In Vallentyne, Peter, ed.,Contractarianism and Rational Choice: Essays on David Gauthier’s Morals by Agreement, 196228. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
D’Agostino, Fred, Gaus, Gerald, and Thrasher, John. 2017. Contemporary Approaches to the Social Contract. In Zalta, Edward N., ed., The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy, Stanford, CA: Stanford University.Google Scholar
Darwall, Stephen. 2003. Contractarianism/Contractualism. Oxford: BlackwellGoogle Scholar
Darwall, Stephen. 2006. The Second-Person Standpoint: Morality, Respect, and Accountability. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.Google Scholar
Dworkin, Ronald. 1989. “The Original Position.” In Reading Rawls: Critical Studies on Rawls’ ‘A Theory of Justice, edited by Norman Daniels, 16–52.Palo Alto: Stanford University Press.Google Scholar
Enoch, David. 2017. “Hypothetical Consent and the Value(s) of Autonomy.Ethics 128(1): 636.Google Scholar
Freeman, Samuel. 2007. Justice and the Social Contract: Essays on Rawlsian Political Philosophy. New York: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Fried, Barbara. 2003. “‘If You Don’t Like It, Leave It’: The Problem of Exit in Social Contractarian Arguments.Philosophy & Public Affairs 31(1): 4070.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gaus, Gerald. 2007. On Philosophy, Politics, and Economics. Belmont, CA: Thomson Wadsworth.Google Scholar
Gaus, Gerald. 2011. The Order of Public Reason: A Theory of Freedom and Morality in a Diverse and Bounded World. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Gaus, Gerald. 2013. “Hobbesian Contractarianism, Orthodox and Revisionist.” In Lloyd, Sharon A., ed., The Bloomsbury Companion to Hobbes, 263278. New York: Bloomsbury.Google Scholar
Gaus, Gerald. 2015. “The Egalitarian Species.Social Philosophy and Policy 31(2): 127.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gaus, Gerald. 2016. The Tyranny of the Ideal: Justice in a Diverse Society. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.Google Scholar
Gaus, Gerald. 2018a. “In Defense of (Some) Vainglory: The Advantages of Polymorphic Hobbesianism.” In Wagner, Richard E., ed., James M. Buchanan. Remaking Economics: Eminent Post-War Economists, 741767. New York: Palgrave Macmillan.Google Scholar
Gaus, Gerald. 2018b. “It Can’t Be Rational Choice All the Way Down: Comprehensive Hobbesianism and the Origins of the Moral Order.” In Boettke, Peter, Storr, Virgil, and Stein, Solomon, eds., Tensions in the Political Economy Project of James M. Buchanan, 117–145. Arlington: Mercatus Center.Google Scholar
Gaus, Gerald. 2018c. “The Priority of Social Morality.” In Christiano, Thomas, Creppell, Ingrid, and Knight, Jack, eds., Morality, Governance, and Social Institutions: Reflections on Russell Hardin, 2356. New York: Palgrave Macmillan.Google Scholar
Gaus, Gerald. 2018d. “Self-Organizing Moral Systems: Beyond Social Contract Theory.Politics, Philosophy & Economics 17(2): 19147.Google Scholar
Gaus, Gerald. 2019. “Moral Conflict and Prudential Agreement: Michael Moehler’s Minimal Morality.Analysis 79(1): 106115.Google Scholar
Gaus, Gerald, and Thrasher, John. 2016. “Rational Choice and the Original Position: The (Many) Models of Rawls and Harsanyi.” In Hinton, Timothy, ed., The Original Position, 3958. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Gauthier, David. 1969. The Logic of Leviathan: The Moral and Political Theory of Thomas Hobbes. Oxford: Clarendon Press.Google Scholar
Gauthier, David. 1979. “David Hume, Contractarian.Philosophical Review 88(1): 338.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gauthier, David. 1986. Morals by Agreement. Oxford: Clarendon Press.Google Scholar
Gauthier, David. 1987. “Morality, Rational Choice, and Semantic Representation: A Reply to My Critics.Social Philosophy and Policy 5(2): 173221.Google Scholar
Gauthier, David. 1991. “Why Contractarianism?” In Vallentyne, Peter, ed., Contractarianism and Rational Choice: Essays on David Gauthier’s Morals by Agreement, 1530. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Gauthier, David. 1993. “Uniting Separate Persons.” In Gauthier, David and Sugden, Robert, ed., Rationality, Justice and the Social Contract: Themes from Morals by Agreement, 176192. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press.Google Scholar
Gauthier, David. 1997. “Political Contractarianism.Journal of Political Philosophy 5(2): 132148.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gauthier, David. 2013. “Twenty-Five On.Ethics 123(4): 601624.Google Scholar
Goodin, Robert. 1993. “Equal Rationality and Initial Endowments.” In Gauthier, David and Sugden, Robert, eds., Rationality, Justice and the Social Contract: Themes from Morals by Agreement, 116130. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press.Google Scholar
Hampton, Jean. 1986. Hobbes and the Social Contract Tradition. New York: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Hampton, Jean. 1991. “Two Faces of Contractarian Thought.” In Vallentyne, Peter, ed., Contractarianism and Rational Choice: Essays on David Gauthier’s Morals by Agreement, 4146. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Hampton, Jean. 1998a. The Authority of Reason. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Hampton, Jean. 1998b. “The Knavish Humean.” In Coleman, Jules and Morris, Christopher, eds., Rational Commitment and Social Justice: Essays for Gregory Kavka, 150167. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Hankins, Keith. 2016. “Adam Smith’s Intriguing Solution to the Problem of Moral Luck.Ethics 126(3): 711746.Google Scholar
Harman, Gilbert. 1988. “Rationality in Agreement: A Commentary on Gauthier’s Morals by Agreement.Social Philosophy and Policy 5(2): 116.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Harsanyi, John. 1953. “Cardinal Utility in Welfare Economics and in the Theory of Risk-taking.Journal of Political Economy 61(5): 434435.Google Scholar
Harsanyi, John. 1955. “Cardinal Welfare, Individualistic Ethics, and Interpersonal Comparisons of Utility.Journal of Political Economy 63(4): 309321.Google Scholar
Harsanyi, John. 1975. “Can the Maximin Principle Serve as a Basis for Morality? A Critique of John Rawls’s Theory.The American Political Science Review 69(2): 594606.Google Scholar
Harsanyi, John. 1977. Rational Behavior and Bargaining Equilibrium in Games and Social Situations. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Harsanyi, John C. 1956. “Approaches to the Bargaining Problem Before and After the Theory of Games: A Critical Discussion of Zeuthen’s, Hicks’, and Nash’s Theories.Econometrica 24(2): 144157.Google Scholar
Hausman, Daniel. 1995. “The Impossibility of Interpersonal Utility Comparisons.Mind 104(415): 473490.Google Scholar
Heap, Shaun, Hollis, Martin, Lyons, Bruce, Sugden, Robert, and Weale, Albert, eds. 1992. The Theory of Choice: A Critical Guide. Oxford: Blackwell Publishers.Google Scholar
Herman, Barbara. 1981. “On the Value of Acting from the Motive of Duty.Philosophical Review 90(3): 359382.Google Scholar
Hobbes, Thomas. 1651. Leviathan, edited by Tuck, Richard. 1996 ed. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Hume, David. 1739/1740. A Treatise of Human Nature, edited by Norton, David and Norton, Mary. 2000 ed. Oxford: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Kalai, Ehud. 1977. “Proportional Solutions to Bargaining Situations: Interpersonal Utility Comparisons.Econometrica 45(7): 16231630.Google Scholar
Kant, Immanuel. 1785. Groundwork of the Metaphysics of Morals, edited by Gregor, Mary. 1998 ed. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Kant, Immanuel. 1797. The Metaphysics of Morals, edited by Gregor, Mary. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Kavka, Gregory. 1983. “Hobbes’s War of All Against All.Ethics 93(2): 291310.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kavka, Gregory. 1984. “The Reconciliation Project.” In Copp, David and Zimmerman, David, eds., Morality, Reason and Truth: New Essays on the Foundations of Ethics, 297–319. Totowa, NJ: Rowman & Littlefield.Google Scholar
Kavka, Gregory. 1986. Hobbesian Moral and Political Theory. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.Google Scholar
Kavka, Gregory. 1993. “The Problem of Group Egoism.” In Hooker, Brad, ed., Rationality, Rules, and Utility: New Essays on the Moral Philosophy of Richard B. Brandt, 149163. Boulder, CO: Westview Press.Google Scholar
Korsgaard, Christine. 2018. Fellow Creatures: Our Obligations to the Other Animals. Oxford: Oxford University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kraus, Jody. 1993. The Limits of Hobbesian Contractarianism. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Kraus, Jody, and Coleman, Jules. 1987. “Morality and the Theory of Rational Choice.Ethics 97(4): 715749.Google Scholar
Kukathas, Chandran. 2007. The Liberal Archipelago: A Theory of Diversity and Freedom. Oxford: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Lehning, Percy. 1993. “Right Constraints?” In Gauthier, David and Sugden, Robert, eds.,Rationality, Justice and the Social Contract: Themes from Morals by Agreement, 95115. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press.Google Scholar
Lewis, David. 1969. Convention: A Philosophical Study. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.Google Scholar
Lloyd, Sharon. 1992. Ideals as Interests in Hobbes’s Leviathan: The Power of Mind Over Matter. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Lloyd, Sharon A. 2009. Morality in the Philosophy of Thomas Hobbes: Cases in the Law of Nature. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Loomes, Graham, and Sugden, Robert. 1982. “Regret Theory: An Alternative Theory of Rational Choice Under Uncertainty.The Economic Journal 92(368): 805824.Google Scholar
Loomes, Graham, and Sugden, Robert. 1983. “A Rationale for Preference Reversal.The American Economic Review 73(3): 428432.Google Scholar
Loomes, Graham, and Sugden, Robert. 1984. “The Importance of What Might Have Been.” In Hagen, Ole and Wenstop, Fred, eds., Progress in Utility and Risk Theory, 219235. Dordrecht: Reidel.Google Scholar
Loomes, Graham, and Sugden, Robert. 1987. “Testing for Regret and Disappointment in Choice Under Uncertainty.The Economic Journal 97 (Conference 1987): 118129.Google Scholar
Luce, Robert, and Raiffa, Howard. 1985. Games and Decisions: Introduction and Critical Survey. New York: Dover Publications. Original edition, 1957.Google Scholar
McClennen, Edward. 1990. Rationality and Dynamic Choice: Foundational Explorations. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Mill, John Stuart. 1859. “On Liberty.” In J. S. Mill: On Liberty and Other Writings, 1–116, edited by Collin, Stefan. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Moehler, Michael. 2009a. “Justice and Peaceful Cooperation.Journal of Global Ethics 5 (3): 195214.Google Scholar
Moehler, Michael. 2009b. “Why Hobbes’ State of Nature Is Best Modeled by an Assurance Game.Utilitas 21(3): 297326.Google Scholar
Moehler, Michael. 2010. “The (Stabilized) Nash Bargaining Solution as a Principle of Distributive Justice.Utilitas 22(4): 447473.Google Scholar
Moehler, Michael. 2013. “Contractarian Ethics and Harsanyi’s Two Justifications of Utilitarianism.Politics, Philosophy & Economics 12(1): 2447.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Moehler, Michael. 2014. “The Scope of Instrumental Morality.Philosophical Studies 167(2): 431451.Google Scholar
Moehler, Michael. 2015. “Rational Cooperation and the Nash Bargaining Solution.Ethical Theory and Moral Practice 18(3): 577594.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Moehler, Michael. 2016. “Orthodox Rational Choice Contractarianism: Before and After Gauthier.Politics, Philosophy & Economics 15(2): 113131.Google Scholar
Moehler, Michael. 2018a. Minimal Morality: A Multilevel Social Contract Theory. Oxford: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Moehler, Michael. 2018b. “The Rawls–Harsanyi Dispute: A Moral Point of View.Pacific Philosophical Quarterly 99(1): 8299.Google Scholar
Moehler, Michael. 2019a. “Diversity, Stability, and Social Contract Theory.Philosophical Studies 176(12): 32853301.Google Scholar
Moehler, Michael. 2019b. “Replies to Gaus, Van Schoelandt, and Cooper: Prudence, Morality, and the Social Contract.Analysis 79(1): 140153.Google Scholar
Moehler, Michael. 2020. “Contractarianism and Climate Change.” In Eggleston, Ben and Miller, Dale E., eds., Moral Theory and Climate Change: Ethical Perspectives on a Warming Planet. London: Routledge.Google Scholar
Morris, Christopher W. 1988. “The Relation between Self-Interest and Justice in Contractarian Ethics.Social Philosophy and Policy 5(2): 119153.Google Scholar
Morris, Christopher W. 1991. “Moral Standing and Rational-Choice Contractarianism.” In Vallentyne, Peter, ed., Contractarianism and Rational Choice, 7695. New York: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Morris, Christopher W. 1998a. An Essay on the Modern State. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Morris, Christopher W. 1998b. “Justice, Reasons, and Moral Standing.” In Coleman, Jules and Morris, Christopher, eds., Rational Commitment and Social Justice: Essays for Gregory Kavka, 186207. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Morris, Christopher W. 2011. “The Idea of Moral Standing.” In Beauchamp, Tom and Frey, Raymond, eds., The Oxford Handbook of Animal Ethics, 255275. New York: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Morris, Christopher W. 2013. “Introduction to Symposium: David Gauthier’s Morals by Agreement.Ethics 123(4): 595600.Google Scholar
Muldoon, Ryan. 2016. Social Contract Theory for a Diverse World: Beyond Tolerance. New York: Routledge.Google Scholar
Müller, Julian. 2019. Political Pluralism, Disagreement and Justice: The Case for Polycentric Democracy. New York: Routledge.Google Scholar
Narveson, Jan. 2001. The Libertarian Idea. Ontario: Broadview Press. Original edition, Temple University Press, 1988.Google Scholar
Nash, John. 1950. “The Bargaining Problem.Econometrica 18(2): 155162.Google Scholar
Nash, John. 1953. “Two-Person Cooperative Games.Econometrica 21(1): 128140.Google Scholar
Neill, Jeremy. 2017. “The Gauthier Contract: Applicable or Not?Res Publica 23(1): 122.Google Scholar
Nozick, Robert. 1974. Anarchy, State, and Utopia. Oxford: Blackwell Publishing.Google Scholar
Nussbaum, Martha C. 2006. Frontiers of Justice: Disability, Nationality, Species Membership. Cambridge: Harvard University Press.Google Scholar
O’Connor, Cailin. 2019. The Origins of Unfairness: Social Categories and Cultural Evolution. Oxford: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Parfit, Derek. 2011. On What Matters. 2 vols. Oxford: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Park, Jung Soon. 1992. Contractarian Liberal Ethics and the Theory of Rational Choice. New York: Peter Lang Publishing.Google Scholar
Plato, . 1993. Republic, translated by Robin Waterfield. Oxford: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Plato, . 1994. Symposium, translated by Robin Waterfield. Oxford: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Prichard, H. A. 1912. “Does Moral Philosophy Rest on a Mistake?Mind 21(81): 2137.Google Scholar
Quong, Jonathan. 2007. “Contractualism, Reciprocity, and Egalitarian Justice.Politics, Philosophy & Economics 6(1): 75105.Google Scholar
Rawls, John. 1971. A Theory of Justice. 1999 revised ed. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.Google Scholar
Rawls, John. 1993. Political Liberalism. New York: Columbia University Press.Google Scholar
Rawls, John. 2001. Justice as Fairness: A Restatement. Cambridge: Harvard University Press.Google Scholar
Rubinstein, Ariel. 1982. “Perfect Equilibrium in a Bargaining Model.Econometrica 50(1): 97109.Google Scholar
Sayre-McCord, Geoffrey. 2000. “Contractarianism.” In LaFollette, Hugh, ed., The Blackwell Guide to Ethical Theory, 247267. Oxford: Wiley-Blackwell.Google Scholar
Scanlon, Thomas. 1998. What We Owe to Each Other. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.Google Scholar
Schelling, Thomas. 1960. The Strategy of Conflict. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.Google Scholar
Schmidtz, David. 1995. Rational Choice and Moral Agency. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.Google Scholar
Sen, Amartya. 1977. “Rational Fools: A Critique of the Behavioral Foundations of Economic Theory.Philosophy & Public Affairs 6(4): 317344.Google Scholar
Sen, Amartya. 1985. “Rationality and Uncertainty.Theory and Decision 18(2): 109127.Google Scholar
Sen, Amartya. 1997. “Maximization and the Act of Choice.Econometrica 65(4): 745779.Google Scholar
Sen, Amartya. 2005. “Why Exactly is Commitment Important for Rationality?Economics and Philosophy 21(1): 514.Google Scholar
Shope, Robert. 1978. “The Conditional Fallacy in Contemporary Philosophy.Journal of Philosophy 75(8): 397413.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Simon, Herbert. 1955. “A Behavioral Model of Rational Choice.The Quarterly Journal of Economics 69(1): 99118.Google Scholar
Skyrms, Brian. 1996. Evolution of the Social Contract. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Skyrms, Brian. 2004. The Stag Hunt and the Evolution of Social Structure. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Smith, Vernon, and Wilson, Bart. 2019. Humanomics: Moral Sentiments and the Wealth of Nations for the Twenty-First Century. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Southwood, Nicholas. 2008. “A Deliberative Model of Contractualism.Politics, Philosophy & Economics 7(2): 183208.Google Scholar
Southwood, Nicholas. 2010. Contractualism and the Foundations of Morality. Oxford: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Southwood, Nicholas. 2019. “Contractualism for Us As We Are.” Philosophy and Phenomenological Research 99(3): 529–547.Google Scholar
Stark, Cynthia. 2009. “Contractarianism and Cooperation.Politics, Philosophy & Economics 8(1): 7399.Google Scholar
Sugden, Robert. 1986. The Economics of Rights, Co-operation and Welfare. 2004 2nd ed. New York: Palgrave Macmillan.Google Scholar
Sugden, Robert. 1995. “A Theory of Focal Points.The Economic Journal 105(430): 533550.Google Scholar
Sugden, Robert. 2018. The Community of Advantage: A Behavioural Economist’s Defence of the Market. Oxford: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Tanner, Julia. 2013. “Contractarianism and Secondary Direct Moral Standing for Marginal Humans and Animals.Res Publica 19(2): 141156.Google Scholar
Thoma, Johanna. 2019. “Risk Aversion and the Long Run.Ethics 129(2): 230253.Google Scholar
Thoma, Johanna, and Weisberg, Jonathan. 2017. “Risk Writ Large.Philosophical Studies 174(9): 23692384.Google Scholar
Thoma, Johanna, and Weisberg, Jonathan. forthcoming. “No Escape from Allais: Reply to Buchak.” Philosophical Studies.Google Scholar
Thrasher, John. 2015. “Adam Smith and the Social Contract.Adam Smith Review 8: 195216.Google Scholar
Thrasher, John. 2017. “Social Contractarianism.” In Brennan, Jason, van der Vossen, Bas and Schmidtz, David, eds., The Routledge Handbook of Libertarianism, 212224. New York: Routledge.Google Scholar
Thrasher, John. 2019. “Constructivism, Representation, and Stability: Path-Dependence in Public Reason Theories of Justice.Synthese 196(1): 429450.Google Scholar
Thrasher, John, and Vallier, Kevin. 2015. “The Fragility of Consensus: Public Reason, Diversity and Stability.European Journal of Philosophy 23(4): 933954.Google Scholar
Thrasher, John, and Vallier, Kevin. 2018. “Political Stability in the Open Society.American Journal of Political Science 62(2): 398409.Google Scholar
Timmerman, Peter. 2014. Moral Contract Theory and Social Cognition: An Empirical Perspective. Heidelberg: Springer.Google Scholar
Vallier, Kevin. forthcoming. “In Defense of Idealization in Public Reason.” Erkenntnis.Google Scholar
Van Donselaar, Gijs. 2009. The Right to Exploit: Parasitism, Scarcity, and Basic Income. Oxford: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Van Schoelandt, Chad. 2019. “Between Traditional and Minimal Moralities.Analysis 79(1): 128140.Google Scholar
Vanderschraaf, Peter. 2006. “War or Peace? A Dynamical Analysis of Anarchy.Economics and Philosophy 22(2): 243279.Google Scholar
Vanderschraaf, Peter. 2011. “Justice as Mutual Advantage and the Vulnerable.Politics, Philosophy & Economics 10(2): 119147.Google Scholar
Vanderschraaf, Peter. 2019. Strategic Justice: Convention and Problems of Balancing Divergent Interests. New York: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Watson, Gary. 1998. “Some Considerations in Favor of Contractualism.” In Coleman, Jules and Morris, Christopher, eds., Rational Commitment and Social Justice: Essays for Gregory Kavka, 168185. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Wendt, Fabian. 2019. “In Defense of Unfair Compromises.Philosophical Studies 176(11): 28552875.Google Scholar
Wicksteed, Philip. 1933. The Common Sense of Political Economy and Selected Papers and Reviews on Economic Theory. 2 vols. London: Routledge.Google Scholar
Zeuthen, Frederik. 1930. Problems of Monopoly and Economic Welfare. London: Routledge & Kegan Paul.Google Scholar

Save element to Kindle

To save this element to your Kindle, first ensure coreplatform@cambridge.org is added to your Approved Personal Document E-mail List under your Personal Document Settings on the Manage Your Content and Devices page of your Amazon account. Then enter the ‘name’ part of your Kindle email address below. Find out more about saving to your Kindle.

Note you can select to save to either the @free.kindle.com or @kindle.com variations. ‘@free.kindle.com’ emails are free but can only be saved to your device when it is connected to wi-fi. ‘@kindle.com’ emails can be delivered even when you are not connected to wi-fi, but note that service fees apply.

Find out more about the Kindle Personal Document Service.

Contractarianism
Available formats
×

Save element to Dropbox

To save content items to your account, please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. Find out more about saving content to Dropbox.

Contractarianism
Available formats
×

Save element to Google Drive

To save content items to your account, please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. Find out more about saving content to Google Drive.

Contractarianism
Available formats
×