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11233 results in International economics

Page 246 of 562

  • 1 - The Subject Matter of the Study

  • Carlo Maria Cantore, Universiteit Antwerpen, Belgium
  • Book:
    The Prudential Carve-Out for Financial Services
    Published online:
    08 June 2018
    Print publication:
    28 June 2018, pp 1-4

  • Summary

    Trade agreements have been repeatedly accused to be the drivers of the financial deregulation that has taken place in many jurisdictions since the nineties. In particular, critiques claim that trade liberalisation has limited the possibility for domestic governments to support the stability of their financial systems. Most trade agreements, however, contain provisions whose aim is that of preserving regulatory freedom in pursuance of micro- and macro-prudential objectives. Those provisions are commonly known as Prudential Carve-Outs (PCOs). This volume enquires into the scope of application and the legal function of the GATS PCO, in the light of developments which took place in preferential trade agreements.

  • 3 - The Current Understanding of the GATS PCO

  • Carlo Maria Cantore, Universiteit Antwerpen, Belgium
  • Book:
    The Prudential Carve-Out for Financial Services
    Published online:
    08 June 2018
    Print publication:
    28 June 2018, pp 64-105

  • Summary

    Chapter 3 provides with the current understanding of the GATS PCO. It first examines the way in which the provision has been interpreted by the literature so far. Then, the Chapter gives account of the discussions conducted within the Committee on Trade in Financial Services of the GATS, where several Members have demonstrated not to be at ease with the formulation of the provision and have even submitted proposals for reform. The Chapter also reviews the way in which the GATS PCO was dealt with in the only WTO dispute so far where it was invoked: Argentina – Financial Services. Account is given of the facts of the case and on the releavant findings of the Panel and the Appellate Body.

  • 2 - International Cooperation on Financial Services and Prudential Measures

  • Carlo Maria Cantore, Universiteit Antwerpen, Belgium
  • Book:
    The Prudential Carve-Out for Financial Services
    Published online:
    08 June 2018
    Print publication:
    28 June 2018, pp 5-63

  • Summary

    Chapter 2 provides the necessary context to the analysis that is conducted in the book. It first recalls the history of the negotiations of the GATS Annex on Financial Services and the role played by prudential concerns at that time. Then, the Chapter examines the economic rationales for prudential regulation and gives account of the evolution of prudential concerns at the national and international level since the entry into force of the GATS. In particular, the Chapter looks at regulatory developments that have taken place in national jurisdictions in the aftermath of financial disruptions and provides an overview of the work done by international standard-setting forums. The Chapter gives also account of the most common prudential measures adopted by domestic legislative authorities.

  • 5 - A Possible Alternative Approach

  • Carlo Maria Cantore, Universiteit Antwerpen, Belgium
  • Book:
    The Prudential Carve-Out for Financial Services
    Published online:
    08 June 2018
    Print publication:
    28 June 2018, pp 168-224

  • Summary

    Chapter 5 illustrates the problematic implications of the mainstream interpretation of the PCO. By importing the case law on exceptions into the domain of the PCO, this volume shows how the former cannot easily be reconciled with the wording of the PCO, the intention of the drafters as well as the economic rationale behind prudential regulation. The economic analysis, combined with the negotiating history of the PCO, shows that the main will of the negotiators was to avoid Type I errors (false positives), i.e. situations in which the court finds against a defendant even though the behaviour of the latter was not unlawful. The classification of the PCO as an exception would imply a different rationale for the provision, namely that of avoiding Type II errors (false negatives). In other words, in the realm of “exceptions”, a legal system considers erring in favour of the complainant a less harmful option than erring in favour of the Member invoking the exception in the event of a dispute. The discussion conducted in Chapter 5 proves that there are solid textual, contextual, historical and economic reason that permit an alternative interpretation of the PCO.

  • 6 - Suggestions for Reform

  • Carlo Maria Cantore, Universiteit Antwerpen, Belgium
  • Book:
    The Prudential Carve-Out for Financial Services
    Published online:
    08 June 2018
    Print publication:
    28 June 2018, pp 225-237

  • Summary

    Chapter 6 concludes the volume. It acknowledges that, notwithstanding the various readings that can be made of the PCO, the language of the latter is not sufficiently clear and reveals inefficiencies in its construction. Therefore, the present volume suggests possible paths that can be followed should WTO Members decide to reform the provision, mostly drawing inspiration from preferential PCOs or existing WTO rules.

Russia's Response to Sanctions
  • How Western Economic Statecraft is Reshaping Political Economy in Russia
  • Richard Connolly
  • Published online:
    25 June 2018
    Print publication:
    05 July 2018
  • In the first in-depth analysis of the effects of sanctions on the Russian political economy, Richard Connolly details the Western sanctions targeting the energy, defense and financial sectors, and the Russian response. He explores how the Western sanctions have caused Russian officials to formulate rapid policy responses to enable the country to adapt to the new circumstances. The sanctions and the Russian response have caused the state's role in the Russian economy to grow stronger and caused its policymakers to accelerate efforts to shift Russia's foreign economic relations away from the West and toward Asia. Connolly analyzes how the political economy in Russia and the nature of the country's integration with the global economy have been fundamentally reshaped. He demonstrates that a new system of political economy is emerging in Russia, and how it is crucial to understanding Russia's future trajectory.

How Transformative Innovations Shaped the Rise of Nations
  • From Ancient Rome to Modern America
  • Gerard Tellis, Stav Rosenzweig
  • Published by:
    Anthem Press
    Published online:
    21 June 2018
    Print publication:
    30 May 2018
  • Over the last 2,000 years, critical innovations have transformed small regions into global powers. But these powers have faded when they did not embrace the next big innovation. Gerard J. Tellis and Stav Rosenzweig argue that openness to new ideas and people, empowerment of individuals and competition are key drivers in the development and adoption of transformative innovations. These innovations, in turn, fuel economic growth, national dominance and global leadership. In How Transformative Innovations Shaped the Rise of Nations, Tellis and Rosenzweig examine the transformative qualities of concrete in Rome; swift equine warfare in Mongolia; critical navigational innovations in the golden ages of Chinese, Venetian, Portuguese and Dutch empires; the patent system and steam engine in Britain; and mass production in the United States of America.

  • Evaluating the Effect of Homicide Prevention Strategies in São Paulo, Brazil: A Synthetic Control Approach

  • Danilo Freire
  • Journal:
    Latin American Research Review / Volume 53 / Issue 2 / 13 June 2018
    Published online by Cambridge University Press:
    13 June 2018, pp. 231-249
    • Article
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  • Although Brazil remains severely affected by civil violence, the state of São Paulo has made significant inroads into fighting criminality. In the last decade, São Paulo has witnessed a 70 percent decline in homicide rates, a result that policy-makers attribute to a series of crime-reducing measures implemented by the state government. While recent academic studies seem to confirm this downward trend, no estimation of the total impact of state policies on homicide rates currently exists. The present article fills this gap by employing the synthetic control method to compare these measures against an artificial São Paulo. The results indicate a large drop in homicide rates in actual São Paulo when contrasted with the synthetic counterfactual, with about 20,000 lives saved during the period. The theoretical usefulness of the synthetic control method for public policy analysis, the role of the Primeiro Comando da Capital as a moderating variable, and the practical implications of the security measures taken by the São Paulo State government are also discussed.

  • Embodying Blackness in Latin American Religion

  • C. Mathews Samson
  • Journal:
    Latin American Research Review / Volume 53 / Issue 2 / 13 June 2018
    Published online by Cambridge University Press:
    13 June 2018, pp. 418-424
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  • Electric Santeria: Racial and Sexual Assemblages of Transnational Religion. By Aisha M. Beliso-De Jesús. New York: Columbia University Press, 2015. Pp. ix + 271. $30.00 paperback. ISBN: 9780231173179.

    Embracing Protestantism: Black Identities in the Atlantic World. By John W. Catron. Gainesville: University Press of Florida, 2016. Pp. ix + 299. $74.95 hardcover. ISBN: 9780813061634.

    Black Saint of the Americas: The Life and Afterlife of Martín de Porres. By Celia Cussen. New York: Cambridge University Press, 2014. Pp. xi + 285. $90.00 hardcover. ISBN: 9781107034372.

    Afro-Cuban Religious Arts: Popular Expressions of Cultural Inheritance in Espiritismo and Santería. By Kristine Juncker. Gainesville: University Press of Florida, 2014. Pp. xi + 169. $74.95 hardcover. ISBN: 9780813049700.

    The Black Christ of Esquipulas: Religion and Identity in Guatemala. By Douglass Sullivan-González. Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press, 2016. Pp. viii + 199. $55.00 hardcover. ISBN: 9780803268432.

  • Representing Blackness in Brazil’s Changing Television Landscape: The Cases of Mister Brau and O Grande Gonzalez

  • Eli L. Carter
  • Journal:
    Latin American Research Review / Volume 53 / Issue 2 / 13 June 2018
    Published online by Cambridge University Press:
    13 June 2018, pp. 344-357
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  • Since the late 1960s TV Globo, Brazil’s largest and most commercially successful broadcast network, has been producing long-form serial narratives known as telenovelas. Followed by millions of domestic viewers and exported to more than 130 countries worldwide, these melorealist serials have served as a primary source for what it means to be Brazilian in both the domestic and global social imaginaries. A number of excellent studies, however, have shown that the country’s most important fictional television genre has historically underrepresented Brazilians of color while at the same time producing a symbolic good that emphasizes whiteness as the ideal social marker. This article shifts the focus from the telenovela to an examination of the series, an emerging and understudied area of Brazilian television fiction. By analyzing representations of blackness in two contemporary Brazilian serial comedies: Mister Brau (TV Globo, 2015–) and The Great Gonzalez (O Grande Gonzalez, Fox Brasil and Porta dos Fundos, 2015), the article reveals the initial stages of recent developments that have the potential to significantly alter both the field of television production and the way Brazil is portrayed on the small screen.

  • Painting the Canvas of the Great Andean Uprising: Recent Research on the Age of Tupac Amaru

  • José Carlos De la Puente Luna
  • Journal:
    Latin American Research Review / Volume 53 / Issue 2 / 13 June 2018
    Published online by Cambridge University Press:
    13 June 2018, pp. 381-387
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  • This essay reviews the following works:

    Heaven, Hell, and Everything in Between: Murals of the Colonial Andes. By Ananda Cohen Suarez. Austin: University of Texas Press, 2016. Pp. xi + 304. $29.95 paperback. ISBN: 9781477309551.

    Of Love and Loathing: Marital Life, Strife, and Intimacy in the Colonial Andes, 1750–1825. By Nicholas A. Robins. Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press, 2015. Pp. x + 280. $60.00 hardcover. ISBN: 9780803277199.

    Revolution in the Andes: The Age of Túpac Amaru. By Sergio Serulnikov. Translated by David Frye. Foreword by Charles F. Walker. Durham, NC: Duke University Press, 2013. Pp. xi + 155. $22.95 paperback. ISBN: 9780822354987.

    The Tupac Amaru Rebellion. By Charles F. Walker. Cambridge, MA: Belknap Press of Harvard University Press, 2014. Pp. xi + 341. $29.95 hardcover. ISBN: 9780674058255.

  • Narrar a Mariel: Espacialización y heterotopías del exilio cubano en la novela Boarding Home (1987) de Guillermo Rosales (1946–1993)

  • Monica Simal
  • Journal:
    Latin American Research Review / Volume 53 / Issue 2 / 13 June 2018
    Published online by Cambridge University Press:
    13 June 2018, pp. 318-329
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  • En este trabajo analizo la novela Boarding Home (1987) del escritor cubano Guillermo Rosales a partir de su inscripción dentro de las coordenadas que signaron el éxodo cubano por el Mariel en 1980. Exploro cómo Mariel se vuelve un espacio simbólico de significación desde donde se ofrece una mirada mucho más compleja al evento estigmatizado tanto por la revolución, como por los medios de prensa y la comunidad norteamericanos. La operación de “basurización del otro”, de la “escoria” que lleva a cabo el gobierno cubano (Castillo Durante) tiene como consecuencia inevitable a la abyección (Kristeva), y ambos fenómenos se hacen visibles, materiales, en la espacialización del margen, del exilio en la vida del protagonista como se comprueba con su vida en un home de Miami, y tras sus recorridos por la ciudad. Tanto el home como La Pequeña Habana son lugares heterotópicos (Foucault) en donde opera una distorsión de las dos utopías (o distopías) que entrañan la revolución y el exilio. Concluyo que Rosales apela a la literatura como acto de resistencia ante la invisibilidad y el estigma del éxodo.

  • Sustaining Freedom and Second Slavery in Nineteenth-Century Brazil and Cuba

  • Karen Y. Morrison
  • Journal:
    Latin American Research Review / Volume 53 / Issue 2 / 13 June 2018
    Published online by Cambridge University Press:
    13 June 2018, pp. 411-417
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  • This essay reviews the following works:

    Freedom from Liberation: Slavery, Sentiment, and Literature in Cuba. By Gerard Aching. Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 2015. Pp. ix + 241. $48.00 hardcover. ISBN: 9780253016935.

    Slavery and Politics: Brazil and Cuba, 1790–1850. By Rafael Marquese, Tâmis Peixoto Parron, and Márcia Regina Berbel. Translated by Leonardo Marques. Albuquerque: University of New Mexico Press, 2016. Pp. 1 + 351. $29.95 paperback. ISBN: 9780826356482.

    Divining Slavery and Freedom: The Story of Domingos Sodré, an African Priest in Nineteenth-Century Brazil. By João José Reis. Translated by H. Sabrina Gledhill. New York: Cambridge University Press, 2015. Pp. xi + 351. $32.99 paperback. ISBN: 9781107439092.

    Ever Faithful: Race, Loyalty, and the Ends of Empire in Spanish Cuba. By David Sartorius. Durham, NC: Duke University Press, 2014. Pp. vi + 312. $24.95 paperback. ISBN: 9780822355939.

    The Politics of the Second Slavery. Edited by Dale W. Tomich. Fernand Braudel Center Studies in Historical Social Science. Ithaca: State University New York Press, 2016. Pp. xii + 280. $25.95 paperback. ISBN: 9781438462363.

  • Mayanists’ Methods and Tradition Discourses: Research and the Politics of Maya Language and Cultural Practice

  • Walter E. Little
  • Journal:
    Latin American Research Review / Volume 53 / Issue 2 / 13 June 2018
    Published online by Cambridge University Press:
    13 June 2018, pp. 403-410
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  • This essay reviews the following works:

    The Ch’ol Maya of Chiapas. Edited by Karen Bassie-Sweet, with Robert M. Laughlin, Nicholas A. Hopkins, and Andrés Brizuela Casimir. Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, 2015. Pp. ix + 251. $45.00 hardcover. ISBN: 9780806147024.

    Wellness beyond Words: Maya Compositions of Speech and Silence in Medical Care. By T. S. Harvey. Albuquerque: University of New Mexico Press, 2013. Pp. vii + 256. $55.00 hardcover. ISBN: 9780826352736.

    Maya Market Women: Power and Tradition in San Juan Chamelco, Guatemala. By S. Ashley Kistler. Urbana: University of Illinois Press, 2014. Pp. ix + 160. $44.68 paperback. ISBN: 9780252079887.

    Southern Eastern Huastec Narratives: A Trilingual Edition. Translated and edited by Ana Kondic. Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, 2016. Pp. vii + 197. $24.95 hardcover. ISBN: 9780806151809.

    Indigenous Bodies, Maya Minds: Religion and Modernity in a Transnational K’iche’ Community. By C. James MacKenzie. Boulder: University Press of Colorado; Albany: Institute for Mesoamerican Studies, 2016. Pp. ix + 368. $34.95 paperback. ISBN: 9781607325567.

    Songs That Make the Road Dance: Courtship and Fertility Music of the Tz’utujil Maya. By Linda O’Brien-Rothe. Forewords by Allen J. Christenson and Sandra L. Orellana. Austin: University of Texas Press, 2015. Pp. ix + 244. $72.93 paperback. ISBN: 9781477305386.

    Language and Ethnicity among the K’ichee’ Maya. By Sergio Romero. Salt Lake City: University of Utah Press, 2015. Pp. ix + 123. $50.00 hardcover. ISBN: 9781607813972.

Page 246 of 562