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15 - Adolescent reproductive health and HIV

from Part II - General issues in the care of pediatric HIV patients

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  03 February 2010

By
Ligia Peralta  and
Sandra Cely
Edited by
Steven L. Zeichner  and
Jennifer S. Read
Ligia Peralta
Affiliation:
Associate Professor, Chief, Division of Adolescent Medicine, Director, Adolescent HIV Program, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Baltimore, MD
Sandra Cely
Affiliation:
Assistant Professor, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Baltimore, MD
Steven L. Zeichner
Affiliation:
National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland
Jennifer S. Read
Affiliation:
National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland
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Summary

Introduction

Reproductive and gynecological conditions common among adolescent girls, in general and among HIV-infected girls specifically, include delayed puberty; menstrual disorders, such as abnormal uterine bleeding (amenorrhea, hyperandrogenism, oligomenorrhea, and dysfunctional uterine bleeding [DUB]); dysmenorrhea; premenstrual syndrome; and pregnancy. Infectious gynecological conditions include vulvovaginal candidiasis, bacterial vaginosis (BV), trichomoniasis, atypical infections of the female genital tract, cervicitis, pelvic inflammatory disease (PID), human papillomavirus infection (HPV), and herpes simplex virus (HSV) infection. This chapter addresses common reproductive health disorders among HIV-infected adolescents, and also includes a description of risk factors unique to adolescents that contribute to the acquisition of sexually transmitted infections as well as age-appropriate recommendations for secondary prevention. Most reproductive health disorders among HIV-infected adolescent girls are best managed by an adolescent medicine physician. Certain patients, such as those with delayed puberty, amenorrhea, and hyperandrogenism should be managed in collaboration with an endocrinologist.

Common non-infectious reproductive and gynecological conditions

HIV-infected adolescents, similar to their uninfected counterparts, may experience delayed puberty and menstrual disorders. In addition to these conditions, we will discuss particular considerations related to contraception and pregnancy.

Delayed puberty

Diagnosing delayed puberty may be difficult due to wide ethnic and regional variations in normal development [1–5]. Pubertal maturation in girls begins with the acceleration of growth followed by onset of breast development (thelarche) between the ages of 8 and 13 years.

Type
Chapter
Information
Textbook of Pediatric HIV Care , pp. 205 - 243
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Print publication year: 2005

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  • Adolescent reproductive health and HIV
    • By Ligia Peralta, Associate Professor, Chief, Division of Adolescent Medicine, Director, Adolescent HIV Program, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Baltimore, MD, Sandra Cely, Assistant Professor, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Baltimore, MD
  • Edited by Steven L. Zeichner, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, Jennifer S. Read, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland
  • Book: Textbook of Pediatric HIV Care
  • Online publication: 03 February 2010
  • Chapter DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511544798.018
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  • Adolescent reproductive health and HIV
    • By Ligia Peralta, Associate Professor, Chief, Division of Adolescent Medicine, Director, Adolescent HIV Program, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Baltimore, MD, Sandra Cely, Assistant Professor, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Baltimore, MD
  • Edited by Steven L. Zeichner, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, Jennifer S. Read, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland
  • Book: Textbook of Pediatric HIV Care
  • Online publication: 03 February 2010
  • Chapter DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511544798.018
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  • Adolescent reproductive health and HIV
    • By Ligia Peralta, Associate Professor, Chief, Division of Adolescent Medicine, Director, Adolescent HIV Program, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Baltimore, MD, Sandra Cely, Assistant Professor, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Baltimore, MD
  • Edited by Steven L. Zeichner, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, Jennifer S. Read, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland
  • Book: Textbook of Pediatric HIV Care
  • Online publication: 03 February 2010
  • Chapter DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511544798.018
Available formats
×