Adams, D. M., Overholser, J. C., & Lehnert, K. L. (1994). Perceived family functioning and adolescent suicidal behavior. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 32, 1–6
American Psychiatric Association. (1994). Diagnostic and Statistical Manual (4th Edition). Washington DC: Author
Andrews, G., Hall, W., Teeson, M., & Henderson, S. (1999). The Mental Health of Australians. Canberra, Austalia: Commonwealth Department of Health and Aged Care
Andrews, J. A., & Lewinsohn, P. M. (1992). Suicidal attempts among older adolescents: Prevalence and co-occurrence with psychiatric disorders. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 31, 655–662
Anthony, E. J. (1983). An introduction to the psychology and psychopathology of change. In E. J. Anthony and C. Chiland (Eds.), The child in his family: Children and their parents in a changing world. New York: John Wiley & Sons
Apter, A., Bleich, A., Plutchik, R., Mendelsohn, S., & Tyano, S. (1988). Suicidal behavior, depression, and conduct disorder in hospitalized adolescents. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 27, 696–699
Arnett, J. (1990). Contraceptive use, sensation seeking, and adolescent egocentrism. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 19, 171–180
Arnett, J. (1992). Reckless behavior in adolescence: A developmental perspective. Developmental Review, 12, 339–373
Arnett, J. (1999). Adolescent storm and stress, reconsidered. American Psychologist, 54(5), 317–326
Asarnow, J. R. (1992). Suicidal ideation and attempts during middle childhood: Associations with perceived family stress and depression among child psychiatric inpatients. Journal of Clinical Child Psychology, 21, 35–40
Asarnow, J. R., Carlson, G. A., & Guthrie, D. (1987). Coping strategies, self-perceptions, hopelessness, and perceived family environments in depressed and suicidal children. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 55, 361–366
Australian Bureau of Statistics. (1995). Cause of death – Australia, 1994 (Catalogue No. 3303.0). Australian Government Publishing Services
Austrian, S. G. (2002). Adolescence. In S. G. Austrian (Ed.), Developmental Theories Through the Life Cycle (pp. 123–180). New York: Columbia University Press
Barkley, R. A. (1997). ADHD and the nature of self-control. New York: Guilford Press
Baron, R. M., & Kenny, D. A. (1986). The moderator-mediator variable distinction in social psychological research: Conceptual, strategic, and statistical considerations. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 31, 1173–1182
Beautrais, A. L., Joyce, P. R., & Mulder, R. T. (1997). Precipitating factors and life events in serious suicide attempts among youths aged 13 through 24 years. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 36, 1543–1551
Beautrais, A. L., Joyce, P. R., & Mulder, R. T. (1996). Risk factors for serious suicide attempts among youths aged 13 through 24 years. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 35, 1174–1182
Beck, A. T. (1961). A systematic investigation of depression. Comprehensive Psychiatry, 2, 163–170
Beck, A. T. (1963). Thinking and depression. Archives of General Psychiatry, 9, 324–333
Beck, A. T. (1967). Depression: Clinical, experimental and theoretical aspects. New York: Hoebner Medical Division, Harper and Row
Beck, A. T. (1978). Depression inventory. Philadelphia: Center for Cognitive Therapy
Beck, A. T., Brown, G., Berchick, R. J., & Stewart, B. L. (1990). Relationship between hopelessness and ultimate suicide: A replication with psychiatric outpatients. American Journal of Psychiatry, 147, 190–195
Beck, A. T., Kovacs, M., & Weissman, A. (1975). Hopelessness and suicidal behaviour: An Overview. Journal of the American Medical Association, 234, 1146–1149
Beck, A. T., Weissman, A., Lester, D., & Trexler, L. (1974). The measurement of pessimism: The Hopelessness Scale. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 42, 861–865
Bell, D. E. (1983). Risk premiums for decision regret. Management Science, 29, 1156–1166
Bell, D. E. (1985). Putting a premium on regret. Management Science, 31, 117–120
Bender, L., & Schilder, P. (1937). Suicidal preoccupations and attempts in children. American Journal of Orthopsychiatry, 7, 224–234
Benthin, A., Slovic, P., & Severson, H. (1993). A psychometric study of adolescent risk perception. Journal of Adolescence, 16, 153–168
Beyth-Marom, R., Austin, L., Fischhoff, B., Palmgren, C., & Jacobs-Quadrel, M. (1993). Perceived consequences of risky behaviors: Adults and adolescents. Developmental Psychology, 29, 549–563
Blackburn, I. M., & Davidson, K. (1995). Cognitive Therapy for Depression and Anxiety. London: Blackwell Science Ltd
Bontempo, D. E., & D'Augelli, A. R. (2002). Effects of at-school victimization and sexual orientation on lesbian, gay or bisexual youths' health risk behaviour. Journal of Adolescent Health, 30, 364–374
Borst, S. R., & Noam, G. G. (1993). Developmental psychopathology in suicidal and nonsuicidal adolescent girls. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 32, 501–508
Bowlby, J. (1988). Defensive processes in response to stressful separation in early life. In Anthony, E. James (Ed.); Chiland, Colette (Ed.), The child in his family, Vol. 8: Perilous development: Child raising and identity formation under stress. Yearbook of the International Association for Child Adolescent Psychiatry and Allied Professions (pp. 23–30). Oxford, England: John Wiley & Sons
Brent, D. A. (1995). Risk factors for adolescent suicide and suicidal behavior: Mental and substance abuse disorders, family environmental factors, and life stress. Suicide and Life Threatening Behavior, 25, 52–63
Brent, D. A. (2001). Assessment and Treatment of the Youthful Suicidal Patient. In H. Hendin and J. J. Mann (Eds.), The Clinical Science of Suicide Prevention (pp. 106–131). Annals of The New York Academy of Science, 932. New York
Brent, D. A., Bridge, J., Johnson, B. A., & Connolly, J. (1996). Suicidal behavior runs in families: A controlled family study of adolescent suicide victims. Archives of General Psychiatry, 53, 1145–1152
Brent, D. A., Johnson, B., Bartle, S., Bridge, J., Rather, C., Matta, J., Connolly, J., & Constantine, D. (1993a). Personality disorder, tendency to impulsive violence, and suicidal behavior in adolescents. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 32, 69–75
Brent, D. A., Kolko, D. J., Allan, M. J., & Brown, R. V. (1990). Suicidality in affectively disordered adolescent inpatients. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 29, 586–593
Brent, D. A., Perper, J., Moritz, G., Baugher, M., & Allman, C. (1993b). Suicide in adolescents with no apparent psychopathology. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 32, 494–500
Brightman, B. K. (1990). Adolescent depression and the susceptibility to helplessness. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 19, 441–449
Brook, J. S., Whiteman, M., Finch, S. J., & Cohen, P. (1996). Young adult drug use and delinquency: Childhood antecedents and adolescent mediators. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 35, 1584–1592
Burnett, P. C., & Fanshawe, J. P. (1996). Measuring adolescent coping strategies: A revalidation of the adolescent coping orientation for problem experiences. The Australian Educational and Developmental Psychologist, 13, 40–53
Cantor, C. H., & Slater, P. J. (1997). A regional profile of suicide in Queensland. Australian and New Zealand Journal of Public Health, 21, 181–186
Cantwell, D. P., & Baker, L. (1991). Manifestations of depressive affect in adolescence. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 20, 121–133
Carlton, P. A., & Deane, F. P. (2000). Impact of attitudes and suicidal ideation on adolescents' intentions to seek professional psychological help. Journal of Adolescence, 23, 35–45
Carter, J. (ed.). (1999). Partnerships for Learning. National Mental Health Strategy. Canberra, ACT: Commonwealth Department of Health and Aged Care
Centers for Disease Control. (1992). Youth Suicide Prevention Programs: A Resource Guide. Atlanta: Author
Chou, C. P., & Bentler, P. (1995). Estimates and tests in structural equation modelling. In R. H. Hoyle (ed), Structural equation modelling, pp. 37–55. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage
Clark, D. C., Sommerfeldt, L., Schwarz, M., Hedeker, D., & Watel, L. (1990). Physical recklessness in adolescence. Trait or byproduct of depressive/suicidal states?The Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease, 178, 423–433
Cole, D. A. (1989). Psychopathology of adolescent suicide: Hopelessness, coping beliefs, and depression. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 98, 248–255
Commonwealth Department of Health and Aged Care. (1999). National Youth Suicide Prevention Strategy – Setting the Evidence-Based Research Agenda for Australia (A Literature Review), Commonwealth of Australia: Author. Retrieved from http://www.nhmrc.health.gov.au/publicat/synopses/mh12syn/htm
Connell, D. K., & Meyer, R. G. (1991). The reasons for living inventory and a college population: Adolescent suicidal behaviors, beliefs, and coping skills. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 47, 485–489
Connell, H. M. (1972). Attempted suicide in school children. The Medical Journal of Australia, 1, 686–690
Connolly, J., Geller, S., Marton, P., & Kutcher, S. (1992). Peer responses to social interaction with depressed adolescents. Journal of Clinical Child Psychology, 21(4), 365–370
Connolly, J. A. (1988). Interpersonal skill deficits of emotionally disturbed adolescents: social problem-solving, self-reports of social behavior and self-esteem. Paper presented at NATO-ASI. Social Conference in Developmental Perspective. Les Arcs, France
Conway, M., & Giannopoulos, C. (1993). Dysphoria and decision making: Limited information use for evaluations of multiattribute targets. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 64, 613–623
Cornelius, J., Kirisci, L., & Tarter, R. E. (2001). Suicidality in offspring of men with substance use disorder: Is there a common liability?Journal of Child & Adolescent Substance Abuse. Special Issue: Etiology of substance use disorder in children and adolescents: Emerging findings from the Center for Education and Drug Abuse Research. 10(4), 101–109
Craighead, W. E. (1991). Cognitive factors and classification issues in adolescent depression. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 20, 311–326
D'Augelli, A. R., Hershberger, S. L., & Pilkington, N. W. (2001). Suicidality patterns and sexual orientation-related factors among lesbian, gay and bisexual youths. Suicide and Life-Threatening Behaviour, 31, 250–264
Dalgleish, L. I. (1990). Assessment of perceived risk in child protection: A model, some data and implications for practice. Paper presented at the First International Conference on Risk Assessment, Leicester, England
Davis, A. T., & Kosky, R. J. (1991). Attempted suicide in Adelaide and Perth: changing rates for males and females, 1971–1987. Medical Journal of Australia, 154, 666–70
Davis, C., Martin, G., Kosky, R., & O'Hanlon, A. (1999). National Stock Take of Early Intervention Programs. Adelaide: The Australian Early Intervention Network for the Mental Health of Young People. Retrieved from http//auseinet.flinders.edu.au
Davis, C., Martin, G., Kosky, R., & O'Hanlon, A. (2000). Early intervention in the mental health of young people: A literature review. Adelaide, South Australia: Foundation Studios
Wilde, E. J., Kienhorst, C. W. M., Diekstra, R. F. W., & Wolters, W. H. G. (1992). The relationship between adolescent suicidal behavior and life events in childhood and adolescence. American Journal of Psychiatry, 149, 45–51
DiFilippo, J. M., & Overholser, J. C. (2000). Suicidal Ideation in Adolescent Psychiatric Inpatients as Associated With Depression and Attachment Relationships. Journal of Clinical Child Psychology, 29, 155–166
Dixon, W. A., Heppner, P. P., & Anderson, W. (1991). Problem-solving appraisal, stress, hopelessness, and suicide ideation in a college population. Journal of Counselling Psychology, 38, 51–56
Dixon, W. A., Heppner, P. P., & Rudd, M. D. (1994). Problem-solving appraisal, hopelessness, and suicide ideation: Evidence for a mediational model. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 41, 91–98
Dodge, K. A. (1993). Social-cognitive mechanisms in the development of conduct disorder and depression. Annual Review of Psychology, 44, 559–584
Dodge, K. A., & Newman, J. P. (1981). Biased decision making processes in aggressive boys. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 90, 375–379
Dodge, K. A., Price, J. M., Bachorowski, J., & Newman, J. P. (1990). Hostile attributional biases in severely aggressive adolescents. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 99, 385–392
Donovan, J. E., & Jessor, R. (1985). Structure of problem behavior in adolescence and young adulthood. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 53, 890–904
Donovan, J. E., Jessor, R., & Jessor, L. (1983). Problem drinking in adolescence and young adulthood. Journal of Studies on Alcoholism, 44, 109–137
Downey, V. W., & Landry, R. G. (1997). Self-reported sexual behaviors of high school juniors and seniors in North Dakota. Psychological Reports, 80, 1357–1358
Durkheim, E. (1897). Suicide. Glencoe, IL: The Free Press, 1951
D'Zurilla, T. J., & Sheedy, C. F. (1991). Relation between social problem-solving ability and subsequent level of psychological stress in college students. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 61, 841–846
D'Zurilla, T. J., & Nezu, A. M. (1990). Developmental and preliminary evaluation of the social problem-solving inventory. Psychological Assessment: A Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 2, 156–163
Edwards, J., & McGorry, P. D. (2002). Implementing early intervention in psychosis: A guide to establishing early psychosis services. London: Dunitz Martin Ltd
Eisenberg, L. (1995). Social policy and the reality of prevention. In B. Raphael & G. Burrows, Handbook of Preventive Psychiatry (pp. 31–50). Amsterdam: Elsevier
Elkind, D. (1967). Egocentrism in adolescence. Child Development, 38, 1025–1034
Elkind, D. (1985). Egocentrism redux. Developmental Review, 5, 218–226
Ellickson, P. L., Bell, R. M., & McGuigan, K. (1993). Preventing Adolescent Drug Use: Long Term Results of a Junior High Program. American Journal of Public Health, 83, 856–861
Elliott, T. R., Sherwin, E., Harkins, S. W., & Marmarosch, C. (1995). Self-appraised problem-solving ability, affective states, and psychological distress. Journal of Counselling Psychology, 42, 105–115
Evans, J. (1998). Active analytic group therapy for adolescents. London: Jessica Kingsley Publishers
Faulkner, A. H., & Cranston, K. (1998). Correlates of same-sex sexual behavior in a random sample of Massachusetts high school students. American Journal of Public Health, 88(2), 262–266
Ferrante, P., & Loh, N. (1994). Crime and justice statistics for Western Australia: 1994. Perth: The University Of Western Australia Crime Research Centre
Fischhoff, B., Bostrom, A., & Quadrel, M. J. (2000). Risk perception and communication. In T. Connolly (Ed.), H. R Arkes, (Ed.), et al. Cambridge series on judgment and decision making: Judgment and decision making: An interdisciplinary reader (2nd ed.) (pp. 479–499). New York: Cambridge University Press
Fisher, L., & Feldman, S. S. (1998). Familial antecedents of young adult health risk behavior: A longitudinal study. Journal of Family Psychology, 12, 66–80
Fonagy, P., Steele, M., Steele, H., & Heggitt, A. (1994). The theory and practice of resilience. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 35, 231–258
Frick, P. J., & Jackson, Y. K. (1993). Family functioning and childhood antisocial behavior: Yet another reinterpretation. Journal of Clinical Child Psychology, 22, 410–419
Furby, L., & Beyth-Marom, R. (1992). Risk taking in adolescence: A decision-making perspective. Developmental Review, 12, 1–44
Garnefski, N., & Diekstra, R. F. W. (1997). Child sexual abuse and emotional and behavioral problems in adolescence: Gender differences. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 36, 323–329
Garofalo, R., Wolf, R. C., Kessel, S., Palfrey, J., & DuRat, R. H. (1998). The association between health risk behaviors and sexual orientation among a school-based sample of adolescents. Pediatrics, 101, 895–902
Garofalo, R., Wolf, R. C., Wissow, L. S.Woods, E. R., & Goodman, E. (1999). Sexual orientation and risk of suicide attempts among a representative sample of youth. Archives of Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, 153, 487–493
Garrison, C. Z., Addy, C. L., Jackson, K. L., McKeown, R. E., & Waller, J. L. (1991). A longitudinal study of suicidal ideation in young adolescents. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 30, 597–603
Garrison, C. Z., Jackson, K. L., Marsteller, F., McKeown, R., & Addy, C. (1990). A longitudinal study of depressive symptomatology in young adolescents. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 29, 581–585
Gibbons, F. X., & Gerrard, M. (1994). Social-psychological factors in the initiation of adolescent health risk behaviors: A longitudinal study. Manuscript in preparation, Iowa State University
Gibbons, F. X., Helweg-Larsen, M., & Gerrard, M. (1995). Prevalence estimates and adolescent risk behavior: Cross-cultural differences in social influence. Journal of Applied Psychology, 80, 107–121
Goldston, D. B., Daniel, S. S., Reboussin, B. A., Reboussin, D. M., Frazier, P. H., & Harris, A. E. (2001). Cognitive risk factors and suicide attempts among formerly hospitalized adolescents: A prospective naturalistic study. Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, 40, 91–99
Gonzalez, J., Field, T., Yando, R., Gonzalez, K., Lasko, D., & Bendell, D. (1994). Adolescents' perceptions of their risk-taking behavior. Adolescence, 29, 701–709
Goodman, P., & Stoehr, T. (Ed.). (1978). The Break–Up of Our Camp: Stories 1932–35. Santa Barbara: Black Sparrow Press
Gordon, D. E. (1990). Formal operational thinking: The role of cognitive-developmental processes in adolescent decision-making about pregnancy and contraception. American Journal of Orthopsychiatry, 60, 346–356
Gould, M. S., Fisher, P., Parides, M., Flory, M., & Shaffer, D. (1996). Psychosocial risk factors of child and adolescent completed suicide. Archives of General Psychiatry, 53, 1155–1162
Gould, M. S., Shaffer, D., Fisher, P., & Garfinkel, R. (1998). Separation/divorce and the child and adolescent completed suicide. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 37, 155–162
Green, V., Johnson, S., & Kaplan, D. (1992). Predictors of adolescent female decision making regarding contraceptive usage. Adolescence, 27, 613–632
Groholt, B., Ekeberg, O., Wichstrom, L., & Haldorsen, T. (1997). Youth suicide in Norway, 1990–1992: A comparison between children and adolescents completing suicide and age- and gender-matched controls. Suicide and Life Threatening Behavior, 27, 250–263
Gutierrez, P. M., Osman, A., Kopper, B. A., & Barrios, F. X. (2000). Why young people do not kill themselves: The Reasons For Living Inventory for Adolescents. Journal of Clinical Child Psychology, 29, 177–187
Hartlage, S., Alloy, L. B., Vazquez, C., & Dykman, B. (1993). Automatic and effortful processing in depression. Psychological Bulletin, 113, 247–278
Hasher, L., & Zacks, R. T. (1979). Automatic and effortful processes in memory. Journal of Experimental Psychology: General, 109, 356–388
Hasher, L., Rose, K. C., Zacks, R. T., Sanft, H., & Doren, B. (1985). Mood, recall, and selectivity effects in normal college students. Journal of Experimental Psychology: General, 114, 104–118
Hertel, P. T., & Rude, S. S. (1991). Depressive deficits in memory: Focusing attention improves subsequent recall. Journal of Experimental Psychology: General, 120, 301–309
Hinshelwood, R. D. (1991). A Dictionary of Kleinian Thought. London: Free Association Books
Hoberman, H. M., & Garfinkel, B. D. (1988). Completed suicide in children and adolescents. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 27, 689–695
Hollis, C. (1996). Depression, family environment, and adolescent suicidal behavior. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 35, 622–630
Hunter, E. (1993). Aboriginal health and history: Power and prejudice in remote Australia. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press
Information Victoria. (1997). Victorian Task Force Report: Suicide Prevention. Victoria, Australia: Government of Victoria. Retrieved from http://hna.ffh.vic.gov.au/info/sptf/
Ingram, R. E. (1984a). Information processing and feedback: Effects of mood and information favorability on the cognitive processing of personally relevant information. Cognitive Therapy and Research, 8, 371–386
Ingram, R. E. (1984b). Toward an information-processing analysis of depression. Cognitive Therapy and Research, 8, 443–478
Ingram, R. E. (1990). Self-focused attention in clinical disorders: Review and a conceptual model. Psychological Bulletin, 107, 156–176
Irwin, C. E., & Millstein, S. G. (1992). Risk-taking behaviors and biopsychosocial development during adolescence. In E. J. Susman, L. V. Feagans & W. J. Ray (Eds.), Emotion, Cognition, Health, and Development in Children and Adolescents (pp. 75–102). Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Inc.
Isen, A. M., & Geva, N. (1987). The influence of positive affect on acceptable level of risk and thoughts about losing: The person with a large canoe has a large worry. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, 39, 145–154
Isen, A. M., & Means, B. (1983). The influence of positive affect on decision-making strategy. Social Cognition, 2, 18–31
Jarey, M. L., & Stewart, M. A. (1985). Psychiatric disorder in the parents of adopted children with aggressive conduct disorder. Neuropsychobiology, 13, 7–11
Jaycox, L. H., Reivich, K. J., Gillham, J., & Seligman, M. (1994). Prevention of depressive symptoms in school children. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 32, 801–816
Jessor, R. (1992). Risk behavior in adolescence: A psychosocial framework for understanding and action. Developmental Review, 12, 374–390
Jessor, R., & Jessor, S. L. (1975). Adolescent development and the onset of drinking. Journal of Studies on Alcohol, 36, 27–51
Jessor, R., Bos, J., Vanderryn, J., Costa, F. M., & Turbin, M. S. (1995). Protective factors in adolescent problem behavior: Moderator effects and developmental change. Developmental Psychology, 31, 923–933
Jetter, A. (1993). Mississippi Learning. New York Times Magazine, February 21, 28–35
Jobes, D. A., Berman, A. L., O'Carroll, P. W., Eastguard, S., & Knickmeyer, S. (1996). The Kurt Cobain suicide crisis: Perspectives from research, public health, and the news media. Suicide and Life Threatening Behavior, 26, 260–272
Joffe, R. D., Dobson, K. S., Fine, S., Marriage, K., & Haley, G. (1990). Social problem-solving in depressed, conduct-disordered, and normal adolescents. Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 18, 565–575
Jorm, A. F., Angermyer, M., & Katschinig, H. (2000). Public Knowledge of and attitudes to mental disorders: a limiting factor in the optimal use of treatment services. In G. Andrews and A. S. Henderson (Eds.), Unmet needs in psychiatry (pp. 399–413). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press
Kahneman, D. (1973). Attention and effort. New York: Prentice-Hall. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall
Kandel, D. B., & Andrews, K. (1987). Process of adolescent socialization by parents and peers. International Journal of the Addictions, 22, 319–342
Kann, L., Warren, C. W., Harris, W. A., Collins, J. L., Williams, B. I., Ross, J. G., & Kolbe, L. J. (1996). Youth Risk Behaviour Surveillance – United States, 1996. In CDC Surveillance Summaries, September 27, 1996. MMWR, 45 (SS-4)
Kashani, J. H., Suarez, L., Allan, W. D., & Reid, J. C. (1997). Hopelessness in inpatient youths: A closer look at behavior, emotional expression, and social support. Journal of the Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 36, 1625–1631
Kazdin, A. E., Esveldt-Dawson, K., French, N. H., Unis, A. S. (1987). Effects of Parent Management Training and Problem-Solving Skills Training Combined in the Treatment of Antisocial Child Behavior. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 26, 416–424
Kelly, T. M., Cornelius, J. R. and Lynch, K. G. (2002). Psychiatric and substance use disorders as risk factors for attempted suicide among adolescents: A case control study. Suicide and Life-Threatening Behavior, 32, 301–312
Kelly, T. M., Lynch, K. G., Donovan, J. E., & Clark, D. B. (2001). Alcohol use disorders and risk factor interactions for adolescent suicidal ideation and attempts. Suicide and Life-Threatening Behavior, 31, 181–193
Kempton, T., Hasselt, V. B., Bukstein, O. G., & Null, J. A. (1994). Cognitive distortions and psychiatric diagnosis in dually diagnosed adolescents. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 33, 217–222
Kety, S. S. (1990). Genetic factors in suicide: Family, twin, and adoption studies. In S. J. Blumenthal (Ed.), D. J. Kupfer (Ed.), Suicide over the life cycle: Risk factors, assessment, and treatment of suicidal patients (pp. 127–133). Washington, DC, US: American Psychiatric Association
Kienhorst, C. W. M., Wilde, E. J., Diekstra, R. F. W., & Wolters, W. H. G. (1991). Construction of an index for predicting suicide attempts in depressed adolescents. British Journal of Psychiatry, 159, 676–682
Kienhorst, C. W. M., Wilde, E. J., Bout, J., Diekstra, R. F. W., & Wolters, W. H. G. (1990). Characteristics of suicide attempters in a population-based sample of Dutch adolescents. British Journal of Psychiatry, 156, 243–248
King, C. A., Hill, E. M., Naylor, M., Evans, T., & Shain, B. (1993). Alcohol consumption in relation to other predictors of suicidality among adolescent inpatient girls. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 32, 82–88
King, C. A., Segal, H., Kaminski, K., Naylor, M. W., Ghaziuddin, N., & Radpour, L. (1995). A prospective study of adolescent suicidal behavior following hospitalization. Suicide and Life Threatening Behavior, 25, 327–338
Kosky, R. (1982). Suicide and attempted suicide among Australian children. Medical Journal of Australia, 1, 124–6
Kosky, R. (1983). Childhood suicidal behaviour. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry and Allied Disciplines, 24, 457–468
Kosky, R., McAlpine, I., Silburn, S., & Richmond, J. (1985). A Survey of Child Psychiatry Outpatients: 1. Clinical and Demographic Characteristics. Australian and New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry, 19, 158–166
Kosky, R., Silburn, S., & Zubrick, S. R. (1986). Symptomatic depression and suicidal ideation: A comparative study with 628 children. Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease, 174, 523–528
Kosky, R., Silburn, S., & Zubrick, S. R. (1990). Are children and adolescents who have suicidal thoughts different from those who attempt suicide?The Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease, 178, 327–338
Kosky, R. J., Sawyer, M. G., & Gowland, J. C. (1990). Adolescents in custody: hidden psychological morbidity. The Medical Journal of Australia, 153, 24–27
Kosky, R. J., Sawyer, M. G., & Gowland, J. C. (1990). Adolescents in custody: hidden psychological morbidity. The Medical Journal of Australia, 153, 24–27
Kosky, R. J., Sawyer, M. G., Fotheringham, M. (1996). The mental health status of adolescents released from custody: a preliminary study. Australian and New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry, 30, 326–31
Kovacs, M., Goldston, D., & Gatsonis, C. (1993). Suicidal behaviors and childhood-onset depressive disorders: A longitudinal investigation. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 32, 8–20
Larrick, R. P. (1993). Motivational factors in decision theories: The role of self-protection. Psychological Bulletin, 113, 440–450
Lavery, B., Siegel, A. W., Cousins, J. H., & Rubovits, D. S. (1993). Adolescent risk-taking: An analysis of problem behaviors in problem children. Journal of Experimental Child Psychology, 55, 277–294
Lehnert, K., Overholser, J., & Spirito, A. (1994). Internalized and externalized anger in adolescent suicide attempters. Journal of Adolescent Research, 9, 105–119
Leichtman, M. D., Ceci, S., & Morse, M. B. (1997). The Nature and Development of Children's Event Memory. In P. S. Appelbaum, L. A. Uyehara & M. R. Elin (Eds.), Trauma and Memory: clinical and legal controversies (pp. 158–87). Oxford: Oxford University Press
Leslie, M. B., Stein, J. A., & Rotheram-Borus, M. J. (2002). Sex-specific predicators of suicidality among runaway youth. Journal of Clinical Child and Adolescent Psychology, 31, 27–40
Lester, D., & Yang, B. (1998). Suicide and homicide in the twentieth century: Changes over time. NY: Nova Science
Levy, J. C., & Deykin, E. Y. (1989). Suicidality, depression, and substance abuse in adolescence. American Journal of Psychiatry, 146, 1462–1467
Lewinsohn, P. M., Klein, D. N., & Seeley, J. R. (1995). Bipolar disorders in a community sample of older adolescents: prevalence, phenomenology, comorbidity, and course. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 34, 454–63
Lewinsohn, P. M., Rohde, P., & Seeley, J. R. (1993). Psychosocial characteristics of adolescents with a history of suicide attempt. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 32, 60–68
Lewinsohn, P. M., Rohde, P., & Seeley, J. R. (1996). Adolescent suicidal ideation and attempts: Prevalence, risk factors, and clinical implications. Clinical Psychology: Science and Practice, 3, 25–46
Lewinsohn, S., & Mano, H. (1991). Multiattribute choice and effect: The influence of naturally-occurring and manipulated moods on choice processes. Journal of Behavioral Decision Making, 6, 33–51
Lewis, D. O., Yeager, C. A., Lovely, R., Stein, A., & Cobham-Portorreal, C. S. (1994). A clinical follow-up of delinquent males: ignored variables, unmet needs, and the perpetuation of violence. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 33, 518–528
Lewis, M. (1988). Managing Madness: psychiatry and society in Australia, 1788 – 1980 (pp. 123–43). Canberra, Australia: Australian Government Publishing Service
Linehan, M. M. (1993). Cognitive-behavioral treatment of borderline personality disorder. New York: The Guilford Press
Linehan, M. M., Goodstein, J. L., Nielsen, S. L., & Chiles, J. A. (1983). Reasons for staying alive when you are thinking of killing yourself: The reasons for living inventory. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 51, 276–286
Litman, R. E. (1996). Suicidology: A look backward and ahead. Suicide and Life Threatening Behavior, 26, 276–286
Litman, R. E., & Farberow, N. L. (1986). Youth suicide in California. Sacramento: California Department of Mental Health
Lochman, J. E., & Lampron, L. B. (1986). Situational social problem-solving skills and self-esteem of aggressive and nonaggressive boys. Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 14, 605–617
Lochman, J. E., Wayland, K. K., & White, K. J. (1993). Social goals: Relationship to adolescent adjustment and to social problem solving. Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 21, 135–157
Lockman, J. E., Coie, J. D., Underwood, M. K., & Terry, R. (1993). Effectiveness of a social relations intervention program for aggressive and non-aggressive, rejected children. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 60, 420–32
Mano, H. (1992). Judgments under distress: Assessing the role of unpleasantness and arousal in judgment formation. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, 52, 216–245
Marshall, J., & Watt, P. (1999). Child Behaviour Problems: A Literature Review of its Size and Nature and Prevention Interventions. Perth, Western Australia: The Interagency Committee on Children's Futures
Marton, P., Connolly, J., Kutcher, S., & Korenblum, M. (1993). Cognitive social skills and social self-appraisal in depressed adolescents. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 32, 739–744
Marttunen, M. J., Aro, H. M., & Lonnqvist, J. K. (1992). Adolescent suicide: Endpoint of long-term difficulties. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 31, 649–654
Marttunen, M. J., Aro, H. M., Henriksson, M. M., & Lonnqvist, J. K. (1994). Psychosocial stressors more common in adolescent suicides with alcohol abuse compared with depressive adolescent suicides. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 33, 649–654
Marttunen, M. J., Henriksson, M. M., Aro, H. M., Heikkinen, M. E., Isometsa, E. T., & Lonnqvist, J. K. (1995). Suicide among female adolescents: Characteristics and comparison with males in the age group 13 to 22 years. Journal of the Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 34, 1297–1307
Mazza, J. J., & Reynolds, W. M. (2001). An investigation of psychopathology in nonreferred suicidal and nonsuicidal adolescents. Suicide and Life-Threatening Behavior, 31, 282–302
McDaniel, J. S., Purcell, D., & D'Augelli, A. R. (2001). The relationship between sexual orientation and risk for suicide: research findings and future directions for research and prevention. Suicide Life Threatening Behavior, 31, (Suppl.), 84–105
McKay, A. P., Fingerhut, L. A., Duran, C. R. (2000). Health United States, 2000 with adolescent chartbook. Hyattsville, MD: NCHS
McKay, J. R., Murphy, R. T., Maisto, S. A., & Rivinus, T. R. (1992). Characteristics of adolescent psychiatric patients who engage in problematic behavior while intoxicated. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 31, 1031–1035
McLaren, K. (1992). Reducing Offending: What Works Now? (pp. 70–71). Wellington, New Zealand: Penal Division, Department Of Justice
McLaughlin, J., Miller, P., & Warwick, H. (1996). Deliberate self-harm in adolescents: hopelessness, depression, problems and problem-solving. Journal of Adolescence, 19, 523–532
Meadows, S. (1993). The Child as Thinker: The Development and Acquisition of Cognition in Childhood (pp. 8–94). London: Routledge
Mitchell, M. G., & Rosenthal, D. M. (1992). Suicidal adolescents: Family dynamics and the effect of lethality and hopelessness. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 21, 23–33
Mitterauer, B. (1990). A contribution to the discussion of the role of the genetic factor in suicide, based on five studies in an epidemiologically defined area (Province of Salzburg, Austria). Comprehensive Psychiatry, 31, 557–565
Moon, L., Meyer, P., & Grau, J. (1999). Australia's young people: their health and well-being. PHE19. Canberra: Australian Institute of Health and Welfare
Moore, S., & Gullone, E. (1996). Predicting adolescent risk behavior using a personalized cost-benefit analysis. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 25, 343–359
Mukherje, S., & Graycar, A. (1997). Crime and Justice in Australia (2nd ed.). Leichhardt, New South Wales: Australian Institute of Criminology, Hawkins Press
Mukherjee S. K. (1985). Juvenile Delinquency: Dimensions of the Problem. In A. Borowski and J. M. Murray (Eds.), Juvenile Delinquency in Australia (pp. 19–42). Melbourne: Methuen Australia
Murphy, C. (2003). The world's greatest kisser. Dark Love: The life and death of Rudolph Valentino (Book Review). New Statesmen, 132, i4662, 54
Myers, K., McCauley, E., Calderon, R., Mitchell, J., Burke, P., & Schloredt, K. (1991). Risks for suicidality in major depressive disorder. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 30, 86–94
Namerow, P. B., Lawton, A. I., & Philliber, S. G. (1987). Teenagers' perceived and actual probabilities of pregnancy. Adolescence, 22, 475–485
National Health and Medical Research Council, Department of Health and Family Services, Commonwealth of Australia. (1997). Depression in Young People: Clinical Practice Guidelines. Canberra, Australia: Author
Norton, G. R., Rockman, G. E., Luy, B., & Marion, T. (1993). Suicide, chemical abuse, and panic attacks: A preliminary report. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 31, 37–40
O'Hanlon, A., Kosky, R., Martin, G. Davis, C., Dundas, P. (2000). Model Projects for Early Intervention in the Mental Health of Young People: Reorienting the Services. Adelaide: The Australian Early Intervention Network for the Mental Health of Young People. Retrieved from http://auseinet.flinders.edu.au.
Oeser, O. (1960). Society in Miniature: The Social Roles of Pupil and Teacher and Their Relevance to the Acquisition of Knowledge. In O. Oeser (Ed.), Teacher, pupil and task (2nd ed.). London: Tavistock Publishers
Offer, D., Schonert-Reichl, K. A., & Boxer, A. M. (1996). Normal adolescent development: Empirical research findings. In M. Lewis (ed.). Child and adolescent psychiatry: A comprehensive textbook (2nd ed.). Baltimore, MD: Williams and Wilkins Publishers
Offord, D. A., Adler, R. J., Boyle, M. H. (1986). Prevalence and socio-demographic correlates of conduct disorder. American Journal of Social Psychiatry, 6, 272–278
Ohberg, A., Lonnqvist, J., Sarna, S., & Vuori, E. (1996). Violent methods associated with high suicide mortality among the young. Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, 35(2), 144–153
Orbach, I., Rosenheim, E., & Hary, E. (1987). Some aspects of cognitive functioning in suicidal children. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 26, 181–185
Pandey, G. N., Pandey, S. C., Dwivedi, Y., Sharma, R. P., Janicak, P. G., & Davis, J. M. (1995). Platelet serotonin-2A receptors: A potential biological marker for suicidal behaviour. American Journal of Psychiatry, 152, 850–855
Patterson, G. R., & Bank, L. (1989). Some amplifying mechanisms for pathological processes in families. In M. R. Gunnar & E. Thelen (Eds.), Systems and development: The Minnesota Symposia on Child Psychology (Vol. 23, pp. 167–209). Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum
Patterson, G. R., & Dishion, T. J. (1985). Contributions of families and peers to delinquency. Criminology, 23, 63–79
Patterson, G. R., Reid, J. B., & Dishion, T. J. (1992). Antisocial boys. Eugene. OR: Castelia
Patton, G. C., & Moon, L. J. (2000). The health of young Australians. Medical Journal of Australia, 172, 150–151
Pepler, D. J., King, G., & Byrd, W. (1991). A Social-cognitively based social skills training program for aggressive children. In D. Pepler & K. Robb (Eds.), The Development and treatment of childhood aggression (pp. 360–86). Hillside, New Jersey: Erlbaum Assoc Inc.
Pfeffer, C. R., Klerman, G. L., Hurt, S. W., Kakuma, T., Peskin, J., & Siefker, C. A. (1993). Suicidal children grow up: Rates and psychosocial risk factors for suicide attempts during follow-up. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 32, 106–113
Pfeffer, C. R., Klerman, G. L., Hurt, S. W., Lesser, M., Peskin, J. R., & Siefker, C. A. (1991). Suicidal children grow up: demographic and clinical risk factors for adolescent suicide attempts. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 30, 609–616
Phillips, D. P., & Cartensen, L. L. (1986). Clustering of teenage suicides after television news stories about suicide. The New England Journal of Medicine, 315, 685–689
Piacentini, J., Rotheram-Borus, M. J., Gillis, J. R., Graae, F., Trautman, P., Cantwell, C., Garcia-Leeds, C., & Shaffer, D. (1995). Demographic predictors of treatment attendance among adolescent suicide attempters. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 63, 469–473
Piaget, J. (1968). Six psychological cases. London: University of London Press
Pillay, A. L., & Shoubben-Hesk, S. (2001). Depression, Anxiety, and hopelessness in sexually abused adolescent girls. Psychological Reports, 88, 727–733
Pinto, A., & Whisman, M. A. (1996). Negative affect and cognitive biases in suicidal and nonsuuicidal hospitalized adolescents. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 35, 158–165
Platt, J. J., & Spivack, G. (1975). Unidimensionality of the Means-Ends Problem Solving (MEPS) procedure. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 31, 15–16
Platt, J. J., Spivack, G., & Bloom, W. (1975). Manual for the Means-Ends Problem-Solving Procedure (MEPS): A measure of interpersonal problem-solving skill. Philadelphia: Hahnemann Medical College and Hospital, Department of Mental Health Sciences, Hahnemann Community MH/MR Center
Pont, H. B. (1995). Maladjustment and socio-cognitive problem solving: The validity of quantitative and qualitative assessment. British Journal of Clinical Psychology, 34, 53–65
Potas, I., Vining, A., & Wilson, P. (1989). Young People and Crime: costs and prevention. Canberra: Australian Institute of Criminology
Power, P. J. R., Bell, R. J., Mills, R., Herrman-Doig, T., Davern, M., Henry, L., Yuen, H. P., Khademy-Deljo, A., & McGorry, P. D. (2003). Suicide prevention in first episode psychosis: the development of a randomised controlled trial of cognitive therapy for acutely suicidal patients with early psychosis. Australian & New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry, 37(4), 414–420
Priester, M. J., & Clum, G. A. (1993). The problem-solving diathesis in depression, hopelessness, and suicide ideation: A longitudinal analysis. Journal of Psychopathology and Behavioral Assessment, 15, 239–254
Quadrel, M. J., Fischhoff, B., & Davis, W. (1993). Adolescent (in)vulnerability. American Psychologist, 48, 102–116
Quinnett, P. G. (1987). Suicide: The forever decision. New York: Continuum
Rao, U., Weissman, M. M., Martin, J. A., & Hammond, R. W. (1993). Childhood depression and risk of suicide: A preliminary report of a longitudinal study. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 32, 21–27
Raphael, B. (2000). Promoting the Mental Health and Well-Being of Children and Young People. Canberra, Australian Capital Territory: National Mental Health Working Group, Commonwealth Department of Health and Aged Care
Remafedi, G., French, S., Story, M., Resnick, M. D., & Blum, R. (1998). The relationship between suicide risk and sexual orientation: Results of a population-based study. American Journal of Public Health, 88, 57–60
Rey, J. (1992). The epidemiological catchment area (ECA) study: implications for Australia. Medical Journal of Australia, 156, 200–3
Rohde, P., Mace, D. E., & Seeley, J. R. (1997). The association of psychiatric disorders with suicide attempts in a juvenile delinquent population. Criminal Behaviour and Mental Health, 7, 187–200
Rosario, M.Hunter, J., & Gwadz, M. (1997). Exploration of substance use among lesbian, gay, and bisexual youth: Prevalence and correlates. Journal of Adolescent Research, 12, 454–476
Rotheram, M. (1982). Social skills and training with underachievers, disruptive and exceptional children. Psychology in Schools, 19, 532–9
Rotheram-Borus, M. J., Trautman, P. D., Dopkins, S. C., & Shrout, P. E. (1990). Cognitive style and pleasant activities among female adolescent suicide attempters. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 58, 554–561
Rotherham-Borus, M. J., & Trautman, P. D. (1988). Hopelessness, depression, and suicidal intent among adolescent suicide attempters. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 27, 700–704
Roy-Byrne, P. P., Weingartner, H., Bierer, L. M., Thompson, K., & Post, R. M. (1986). Effortful and automatic cognitive processes in depression. Archives of General Psychiatry, 43, 265–267
Rudd, M. D. (2000). Integrating science into the practice of clinical suicidology: A review of the psychotherapy literature and a research agenda for the future. In R. W. Maris (Ed.), S. S. Canetto (Ed.); et al. Review of suicidology (pp. 47–83). New York: The Guilford Press
Rudd, M. D., Rajab, M. H., & Dahm, F. (1994). Problem-solving appraisal in suicide ideators and attempters. American Journal of Orthopsychiatry, 64, 136–149
Rutter, M. (1976). Isle of Wight studies, 1964–1974. Psychological Medicine, 6, 313–332
Rutter, M. (1983). School effects on pupil's progress: Research findings and policy implications. Child Development, 54, 1–29
Rutter, M. (1989). Isle of Wight revisited: Twenty-five years of child psychiatric epidemiology. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 28, 633–653
Rutter, M., Cox, A., Tupling, C., Berger, M., & Yule, W. (1975). Attachment and adjustment in two geographic areas: the prevalence of psychiatric disorder. British Journal of Psychiatry, 126, 526–533
Sadowski, C., & Kelley, M. L. (1993). Social problem solving in suicidal adolescents. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 61, 121–127
Sardonoff, C. (1989). Latency (pp. 85–146). Northvale, New Jersey: Jason Aronson Inc.
Sawyer, M. G., MacMullin, C., Graetz, B., Said, J. A., Clarke, J., & Baghurst, P. (1997). Social skills training for primary school children: A one-year follow-up study. Journal of Child Health and Paediatrics, 33, 378–83
Sawyer, M. G., Arney, F. M., & Baghurst, P. A. (2000). The mental health of young people in Australia. Canberra, Australia: Commonwealth Department of Health and Aged Care
Sawyer, M. G., Kosky, R., & Graetz, B. (2000). The National Survey of Health and Wellbeing: The child and adolescent component. Australian and New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry, 34, 214–221
Schotte, D. E. & Clum, G. A. (1987). Problem-solving skills in psychiatric patients. Journal of Clinical and Consulting Psychology, 55, 49–54
Shaffer, D. (1974). Suicide in childhood and early adolescence. Journal of Child Psychology & Psychiatry & Allied Disciplines, 15(4), 275–291
Shaffer, D., & Piacentini, J. (1994). Suicide and suicide attempts. In M. Rutter, L. Hersov, & E. Taylor (Eds.), Child and adolescent psychiatry (3rd ed., pp. 407–424). London: Blackwell Scientific Publications
Shaffer, D., Fisher, P., Lucas, C. P., Dulcan, M. K., & Schwab-Stone, M. E. (2000). NIMH Diagnostic Interview Schedule for Children Version IV (NIMH DISC-IV): description, differences from previous versions, and reliability of some common diagnoses. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 39, 28–38
Shaffer, D., Gould, M. S., Fisher, P., Trautmen, P., Moreau, D., Kleinman, M., & Flory, M. (1996). Psychiatric diagnosis in child and adolescent suicide. Archives of General Psychiatry, 53, 339–348
Shapiro, R., Siegel, A. W., Scovill, L. C., & Hays, J. (1998). Risk-taking patterns of female adolescents: What they do and why. Journal of Adolescence, 21, 143–159
Shedler, J., & Block, J. (1990). Adolescent drug use and psychological health: A longitudinal inquiry. American Psychologist, 45, 612–630
Shneidman, E. S. (1985). Definition of suicide. New York: Wiley
Shure, M. B. (1996). I can solve problems (ICSP): An interpersonal cognitive problem-solving program for children. In M. C. Roberts (Ed.), Model Programs in Child and Family Mental Health (pp. 34–46). Mahwah, New Jersey: Lawrence Erlbaum Assoc
Silverman, A. B., Reinherz, H. Z., & Giacona, R. M. (1996). The long-term sequelae of child and adolescent abuse: A longitudinal community study. Child Abuse and Neglect, 20, 709–723
Slaby, R. G., & Guerra, N. G. (1988). Cognitive mediators of aggression in adolescent offenders: 1. Assessment. Developmental Psychology, 24, 580–588
Sofronoff, K. (1999). Adolescent suicide and risk-taking behaviour. Unpublished doctoral dissertation. University of Queensland
Sofronoff, K., & Dalgliesh, L. I. (2001). The effect of alcohol and stress on adolescent problem-solving and decision making. Unpublished manuscript. University of Queensland, Australia
Spence, S. H., & Sheffield, J. (2000). The problem solving for life program: Preventing depression in Australian youth. National Educational Service, Reaching Today's Youth, Summer
Spirito, A., Francis, G., Overholser, J., & Frank, N. (1996). Coping, depression, and adolescent suicide attempts. Journal of Clinical Child Psychology, 25, 147–155
Spirito, A., Overholser, J., & Hart, K. (1991). Cognitive characteristics of adolescent suicide attempters. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 30, 604–608
Stacy, A. W., Newcomb, M. D. (1995). Long-term social psychological influences on deviant attitudes and criminal behaviour. In H. B. Kaplan (Ed.), Drugs, crime and other deviant adaptations: Longitudinal studies (pp. 99–127). Longitudinal research in the social and behavioral sciences: An interdisciplinary series. New York: Plenum Press
Stewart, S. E., Manion, I. G., Davidson, S., & Cloutier, P. (2001). Suicidal children and adolescents with first emergency room presentations: Predictors of six-month outcome. Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, 40, 580–587
Stoney, G. (1998). Suicide prevention and the Internet. In R. Kosky, H. Eshkevari, R. Goldney & R. Hassan (Eds.), Suicide Prevention: The Global Context. New York: Plenum Press
Strosahl, K., Chiles, J. A., & Linehan, M. (1992). Prediction of suicide intent in hospitalized parasuicides: Reasons for living, hopelessness, and depression. Comprehensive Psychiatry, 33, 366–373
Tabachnik, B. G., & Fidell, L. S. (1989). Using multivariate statistics (2nd Edition). New York: Harper & Row
Tarrant, B., & Woon, A. (1995). Adolescent suicide: An overview. Australian Journal of Emergency Care, 2, 26–30
Trautman, P., Rotheram-Borus, M. J., Dopkins, S., & Lewin, N. (1991). Psychiatric diagnoses in minority female adolescent suicide attempters. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 30, 617–622
Tremblay, R. E., Masse, L. C., Vitaro, F., & Dobkin, P. L. (1995). The impact of friends' deviant behavior on early onset of delinquency: Longitudinal data from 6 to 13 years of age. Development and Psychopathology, 7, 649–667
UNICEF (1993). Progress of nations. New York: UNICEF.
Wagner, B. M. (1997). Family risk factors for child and adolescent suicidal behaviour. Psychological Bulletin, 121, 246–298
Walsh, A. (1991). Intellectual Imbalance, Love Deprivation and Violent Delinquency: a biosocial perspective. Springfield, Illinois: Charles C. Thomas Publishers
Watt, T. T., & Sharp, S. F. (2001). Gender Differences in Strains Associated with Suicidal Behavior Among Adolescents. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 30, 333–348
Weiner, D. A., Abraham, M. E., & Lyons, J. (2001). Clinical Characteristics of Youths with Substance Use Problems and Implications for Residential Treatment. Psychiatric Services, 52, 793–799
Westefeld, J. S., Cardin, D., & Deaton, W. L. (1992). Development of the college reasons for living inventory. Suicide and Life Threatening Behavior, 22, 442–452
Wichstrom, L., & Rossow, I. (2002). Explaining the gender difference in self-reported suicide attempts: A nationally representative study of Norwegian adolescents. Suicide and Life-Threatening Behavior, 32, 101–116
Winokur, G. (1991). Epidemiology and genetics of depression and mania. In M. T. Tsuang (Ed.), K. S. Kendler (Ed.); et al. Series in psychosocial epidemiology volume 8: Genetic issues in psychosocial epidemiology (pp. 153–174). New Brunswick: Rutgers University Press
Woods, E. R., Lin, Y. G., Middleman, A., Beckford, P., Chase, L., & DuRant, R. H. (1997). The associations of suicide attempts in adolescents. Pediatrics, 99, 791–796
Wright, W. F., & Bower, G. H. (1992). Mood effects on subjective probability assessment. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, 52, 276–291
Wunderlich, U., Bronisch, T., Wittchen, H.-U., & Carter, R. (2001). Gender differences in adolescents and young adults with suicidal behaviour. Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica, 104, 332–339
Yang, B., & Clum, G. A. (1996). Effects of early negative life experiences on cognitive functioning and risk for suicide: A review. Clinical Psychology Review, 16, 177–195
Yerkes, R. M., & Dodson, J. D. (1908). The relation of strength of stimulus to rapidity of habit-formation. Journal of Comparative Neurology and Psychology, 18, 459–482
Zlotnick, C., Donaldson, D., Spirito, A., & Pearlstein, T. (1997). Affect regulation and suicide attempts in adolescent inpatients. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 36, 793–798
Zubrick, S. R., Kosky, R., & Silburn, S. (1987). Is suicidal ideation associated with puberty?Australian and New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry, 21, 54–58
