Book contents
- Frontmatter
- Introduction
- 1 Political, social, and economic life in the Land of Israel, 66–c. 235
- 2 The Diaspora from 66 to c. 235 ce
- 3 The uprisings in the Jewish Diaspora, 116–117
- 4 The Bar Kochba Revolt, 132–135
- 5 The legal status of the Jews in the Roman Empire
- 6 Jewish art and architecture in the Land of Israel, 70–C. 235
- 7 The destruction of the Jerusalem Temple: its meaning and its consequences
- 8 The origins and development of the rabbinic movement in the Land of Israel
- 9 The canonical process
- 10 The beginnings of Christian anti-Judaism, 70–C. 235
- 11 The rabbinic response to Christianity
- 12 The Mishnah
- 13 The Tosefta
- 14 Midrash Halachah
- 15 Mishnaic Hebrew: an introductory survey
- 16 The political and social history of the Jewish community in the Land of Israel, C. 235–638
- 17 The material realities of Jewish life in the Land of Israel, C. 235–638
- 18 Aramaic in late antiquity
- 19 The Diaspora, C. 235–638
- 20 Jewish archaeology in late antiquity: art, architecture, and inscriptions
- 21 Jewish festivals in late antiquity
- 22 Rabbinic prayer in late antiquity
- 23 Rabbinic views on marriage, sexuality, and the family
- 24 Women in Jewish life and law
- 25 Gentiles in rabbinic thought
- 26 The formation and character of the Jerusalem Talmud
- 27 The late midrashic, paytanic, and targumic literature
- 28 Jewish magic in late antiquity
- 29 Jewish folk literature in late antiquity
- 30 Early forms of Jewish mysticism
- 31 The Political, Social, and Economic History of Babylonian Jewry, 224–638 CE
- 32 The history of the Babylonian academies
- 33 The formation and character of the Babylonian Talmud
- 34 Talmudic law: a jurisprudential perspective
- 35 Torah in rabbinic thought: the theology of learning
- 36 Man, sin, and redemption in Rabbinic Judaism
- 37 The rabbinic theology of the physical: blessings, body and soul, resurrection, and covenant and election
- 38 Christian anti-Judaism: polemics and policies
- 39 Jews in Byzantium
- 40 Messianism and apocalypticism in rabbinic texts
- Appendix Justinian and the revision of Jewish legal status
- Index
- Map A The Roman world in the time of Marcus Aurelius
- References
13 - The Tosefta
Published online by Cambridge University Press: 28 March 2008
By
Edited by
Book contents
- Frontmatter
- Introduction
- 1 Political, social, and economic life in the Land of Israel, 66–c. 235
- 2 The Diaspora from 66 to c. 235 ce
- 3 The uprisings in the Jewish Diaspora, 116–117
- 4 The Bar Kochba Revolt, 132–135
- 5 The legal status of the Jews in the Roman Empire
- 6 Jewish art and architecture in the Land of Israel, 70–C. 235
- 7 The destruction of the Jerusalem Temple: its meaning and its consequences
- 8 The origins and development of the rabbinic movement in the Land of Israel
- 9 The canonical process
- 10 The beginnings of Christian anti-Judaism, 70–C. 235
- 11 The rabbinic response to Christianity
- 12 The Mishnah
- 13 The Tosefta
- 14 Midrash Halachah
- 15 Mishnaic Hebrew: an introductory survey
- 16 The political and social history of the Jewish community in the Land of Israel, C. 235–638
- 17 The material realities of Jewish life in the Land of Israel, C. 235–638
- 18 Aramaic in late antiquity
- 19 The Diaspora, C. 235–638
- 20 Jewish archaeology in late antiquity: art, architecture, and inscriptions
- 21 Jewish festivals in late antiquity
- 22 Rabbinic prayer in late antiquity
- 23 Rabbinic views on marriage, sexuality, and the family
- 24 Women in Jewish life and law
- 25 Gentiles in rabbinic thought
- 26 The formation and character of the Jerusalem Talmud
- 27 The late midrashic, paytanic, and targumic literature
- 28 Jewish magic in late antiquity
- 29 Jewish folk literature in late antiquity
- 30 Early forms of Jewish mysticism
- 31 The Political, Social, and Economic History of Babylonian Jewry, 224–638 CE
- 32 The history of the Babylonian academies
- 33 The formation and character of the Babylonian Talmud
- 34 Talmudic law: a jurisprudential perspective
- 35 Torah in rabbinic thought: the theology of learning
- 36 Man, sin, and redemption in Rabbinic Judaism
- 37 The rabbinic theology of the physical: blessings, body and soul, resurrection, and covenant and election
- 38 Christian anti-Judaism: polemics and policies
- 39 Jews in Byzantium
- 40 Messianism and apocalypticism in rabbinic texts
- Appendix Justinian and the revision of Jewish legal status
- Index
- Map A The Roman world in the time of Marcus Aurelius
- References
Summary
THE NA"ME “TOSEFTA” AND THE ORIGIN OF THE WORK
As with most names of individual works of rabbinic literature, so too the name “Tosefta,” literally “supplement,” did not originally denote one particular work, but rather a characteristic type of traditional teaching of the tannaitic period. Teachings of this period were transmitted orally in the form of short sayings, presented anonymously or attributed to a particular sage; these traditions were memorized through repetition (Hebrew shanah). The sayings dealt mainly, although not exclusively, with law (halachah), and provided the basis for what was later called the “Oral Torah” (torah she-al peh), or “orally transmitted instruction.” The individual sayings were thus called either mishnah or halachah. Some of these sayings were, in time, supplemented by clarifying remarks or additional legal material. As the original sayings were transmitted together in various collections, so too the supplemental sayings were collected and transmitted (most probably orally); an individual supplemental saying was called tosefet (Aramaic [det.] tosefta), a collection of these (in plural): tosafot (Aramaic [det.] tosefata). These two corpora, halachot and tosafot, along with the aggadot (transmitted non-legal traditions), comprised the basic curriculum of study (the “Oral Torah”) for the Sages of the first two centuries of the Common Era (the Tannaim).
Keywords
- Type
- Chapter
- Information
- The Cambridge History of Judaism , pp. 316 - 335Publisher: Cambridge University PressPrint publication year: 2006
References
, Introduction to the Talmud Babli and Yerushalmi (Tel-Aviv, 1969).
, Studies in the Baraita and the Tosefta and Their Relationship to the Talmud (Jerusalem, 1944).
, “An Examination of the Nature of the Vienna and Erfurt Manuscripts of the Tosefta,” in (ed.), Language Studies, V–VI (Jerusalem, 1992)(Hebrew).Google Scholar
, Mishna and Tosefta: A Comparative Study, I: Shabbat (New York, 1935).
, “Halachah-kritische Forschungen,”
Monatsschrift für Geschichte und Wissenschaft des 19 (1870)Google Scholar
, Authority and Tradition: Toseftan Baraitot in Talmudic Babylonia (Hoboken, 1994).
, Mevo’ot leSifrut haTannaim (= Introductions to Tannaitic Literature) (Jerusalem, 1957).
, and (eds.), Introducing Tosefta: Textual, Intratextual and Intertextual Studies (Hoboken, 1999).
, Darkhei ha-Mishnah (Warsaw, 1923).
, “The Barait ot in the Babylonian Talmud and Their Relationship to Their Parallels in the Tosefta,” in et al. (eds.), Atara L’Haim: Studies in the Talmud and Medieval Rabbinic Literature in Honor of Professor Haim Zalman Dimitrovsky (Jerusalem, 2000) (Hebrew).Google Scholar
, “La-aggada ha historit be-Talmud Babbi,” in (ed.), Saul Lieberman Memorial Volume (New York and Jerusalem, 1993).Google Scholar
, Tosefta Atikta: Pesah Rishon (Ramat-Gan, 2003).
, “The Mishna: A Study Book of Halachah,” in (ed.), The Literature of the Sages, Part One (Assen and Philadelphia, 1987).Google Scholar
, “The Tosefta: Companion to the Mishna,” in (ed.), The Literature of the Sages, I: Oral Torah (Philadelphia, 1987).Google Scholar
, Tosefta Bava Kamma: A Structural and Analytic Commentary (Jerusalem, 2001).
, Das redaktionelle und sachliche Verhältnis zwischen Misna und Tosephta (Breslau, 1928).
, “Women in Tractate Eruvin: From Social Dependence to Legal Independence,” Jewish Studies
40 (2000), (Hebrew).Google Scholar
“The Present State of Research into Mishnaic Hebrew (Especially Lexicography) and its Tasks”, “Some Problems of the Lexicography of Mishnaic Hebrew and Its Comparison with Biblical Hebrew”, Archive of the New Dictionary of Rabbinical Literature, I (Ramat-Gan
1972), (English Abstract,).Google Scholar
(ed.), Iggeret Rav Sherira Gaon (1921; repr. Jerusalem, 1972).
, Tosefta Ki-Fshutah, 9 vols. (New York, 1955–1973).
, Tosefta (New York, 1955–1988).
, Tosephta (Pasewalk, 1880; Trier, 1882).
, A Lexicon of the New Verbs in Tannaitic Hebrew (Ramat-Gan, 1980).
, The Linguistic Tradition of the Erfurt MS of the Tosefta (Jerusalem, 1984),
, Israel’s Politics in Sasanian Iran: Jewish Self-government in Talmudic Times (Lanham, 1986).
, The Tosefta: An Introduction, South Florida Studies in the History of Judaism 47 (Atlanta, 1992).
, The Tosefta: Its Structure and Its Sources, Brown Judaic Studies 112 (Atlanta, 1986).
, The Tosefta: Translated from the Hebrew, 6 vols. (Hoboken, 1977–1986).
, Hasdei David (Livorno and Jerusalem, 1877–1890).
(ed.), Die Tosefta: Text, Übersetzung, Erkla¨rung, 12 vols. (Stuttgart, 1953–1998, incomplete).
, The Documents from the Bar Kokhba Period in the Cave of Letters [P. Yadin]: Greek Papyri ed. , (Jerusalem, 1989); Hebrew, Aramaic and Nabatean-Aramaic Papyri, et al. (Jerusalem, 200).
, Die Toseftaperiode in der tannaitischen Literatur (Berlin, 1922)
, “Zur Redaktionsgeschichte von Sifra,” in (ed.), Approaches to Ancient Judaism, n.s., XI (Atlanta, 1997).Google Scholar
, Introduction to the Talmud and Midrash, 2nd ed. (Edinburgh, 1996).
, Editio princeps: printed with the compendium of Rabbi Isaac Alfasi to the Talmud (Venice, 1521).
, and , Introduction to the Talmud and Midrash, trans. (Edinburgh, 1991).
, Minhag Ashkenaz Haqadmon (Jerusalem, 1992).
, Thesaurus Antiquitatum Sacrarum, XVII–XX (Venice, 1755–7)
- 1
- Cited by