The Sahitya Akademi (a semi-government publishing house), which had not included English as one of its scheduled languages until the sixties, awarded a Translation Prize for English in the eighties. Katha (a non-profit private publishing house) an organization solely concerned with translation began in the nineties, and instituted the A. K. Ramanujan Award for translation. In 2000, the Crossword chain of bookshops in India included English translations in their short-list. (The 2005 Crossword event was in collaboration with Hutch and gave to ‘original’ writing as well as English translation unprecedented glamour). In the last few years there have been on an average at least five national seminars on translation in India. Courses on translation studies and Indian literature in English translation are taught in about 20 universities. The Central Institute of Indian Languages, Mysore sponsors a minimum of three workshops on translation in India every year. The Institute's journal, Translation Target, initiated in 2005, promises to be one of the early and serious translation journals in English. Both Penguin and Picador India launched their operations in India with a decision to tap the Indian market for books written in, and translated into English. The rise in the institutionalization through awards and courses in India has also coincided with energetic and radical debates on translation in India and the West. These debates stridently question the very assumption of the ‘original’ let alone its superiority over a translation.