The standing of the Scottish Reformation has undergone considerable change in the course of the past generation. As late as its quatercentenary in 1960, the professor of Church History in the University of Glasgow was still able to claim with confidence that the Reformation had produced a church which was a ‘national symbol’ and that ‘one may doubt whether there could be a Scotland without it’. In the Scottish diaspora, in places such as small-town Canada or New Zealand, where John Knox and Andrew Melville churches, replicating faithfully stages of the schisms and reunions within the nineteenth-century church, this is probably still the prevailing view. One of the most influential works ever to come out of that diaspora claimed that:

Within Scotland itself, however, such moral certainties now seem outdated. An article by a conservative columnist in The Scotsman,during the meeting of the General Assembly in May 1999, argued that the ‘Church of Scotland may still be the established national church but it is no longer the church of the nation.’ The fact that the General Assembly then met in another place, supplanted by the new Scottish parliament, which is what now represents the Scottish nation, exaggerated still further the dislocation of the two of the key elements of Scottish identity - a Protestant church for a Protestant people. The same piece pointed to a severe drop in attendance over the past generation: the Church of Scotland had been losing members ‘almost as fast as the Scottish Conservative and Unionist Party has lost voters’. Although it had 680,000 communicant members, ‘only 17 per cent of Scotland's adult population are now members of the Kirk’.