Skip to main content Accessibility help
×
Hostname: page-component-586b7cd67f-rdxmf Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-12-07T05:37:45.788Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

References

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  06 July 2010

James R. Barth
Affiliation:
Auburn University, Alabama
Gerard Caprio
Affiliation:
Williams College, Massachusetts
Ross Levine
Affiliation:
Brown University, Rhode Island
Get access
Type
Chapter
Information
Rethinking Bank Regulation
Till Angels Govern
, pp. 379 - 404
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Print publication year: 2005

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Abrams, Burton A., and Settle, Russell F.. 1993. “Pressure-group influence and Institutional Change: Branch Banking Legislation during the Great Depression,” Public Choice, 77, 687–705CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Acemoglu, Daron, Johnson, Simon, and Robinson, James A.. 2001. “The Colonial Origins of Comparative Development: An Empirical Investigation,” American Economic Review, 91(5), 1369–1401CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Adams, Renée, and Mehran, Hamid 2003. “Is Corporate Governance Different for Bank Holding Companies?,” Economic Policy Review, 9 (Special Issue, April), Federal Reserve Bank of New York, 123–142Google Scholar
Adams, Renée, and Joao Santos. 2004. “Identifying the Effect of Managerial Control on Firm Performance,” mimeo, Federal Reserve Bank of New York
Akerlof, George. 1970. “The Market for Lemons: Quality Uncertainty and the Market Mechanism,” Quarterly Journal of Economics, 89, 488–500CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Alexander, G. J., and A. M. Baptista. 2001. “A VaR-Constrained Mean-Variance Model: Implications for Portfolio Selection and the Basle Capital Accord,” mimeo, University of Minnesota
Alexander, Kern. 2002. “The World Trade Organization and Financial Stability: The Need to Resolve the Tension between Liberalization and Prudential Regulation,” Working Paper No. 5, ESRC Centre for Business Research, Cambridge University
Allen, Franklin, and Douglas Gale. 2003. “Capital Adequacy Regulation: In Search of a Rationale,” in Arnott, R., Greenwald, B., Kanbur, R., and Nalebuff, B., eds., Economics for an Imperfect World: Essays in Honor of Joseph Stiglitz (Cambridge, MA: MIT Press)Google Scholar
Alston, Philip. 1997. “The Myopia of the Handmaidens: International Lawyers and Globalization,” European Journal of International Law, 8(2), 435–441CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ang, J. S., and Richardson, T.. 1994. “The Underpricing Experience of Commercial Bank Affiliates Prior to the Glass-Steagall Act: A Re-examination of Evidence for Passage of the Act,” Journal of Banking and Finance, 18, 351–395CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Armstrong, Lawrin. 2003. “Usury,” in Mokyr, Joel, ed., The Oxford Encyclopedia of Economic History (New York: Oxford University Press)Google Scholar
Arner, Douglas, Zhongfei Zhou, Mattheo Bushehri, Berry F. C. Hsu, Jianbo Lou, and Wei Wang. 2004. “Financial Regulation and the WTO: Liberalization and Restructuring in China Two Years Post-Accession,” EAIEL Policy Paper no. 1. East Asian International Economic Law & Policy Programme, University of Hong Kong
Atkinson, Andrew B., and Stiglitz, Joseph E.. 1980. Lectures on Public Economics (London: McGraw-Hill)Google Scholar
Austin-Smith, David, and Wright, John. 1992. “Competitive Lobbying for a Legislator's Vote,” Social Choice and Welfare, 9, 229–257Google Scholar
Austin-Smith, David, and Wright, John. 1994. “Counteractive Lobbying,” American Journal of Political Science, 38, 25–44CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Banerjee, Abhijit V., Shawn Cole, and Esther Duflo. 2004. “Banking Reform in India,” mimeo, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, http://econ-www.mit.edu/faculty/index.htm?prof_id=banerjee&type=paper
Baron, David. 1991. “Majoritarian Incentives, Pork Barrel Programs and Procedural Control,” American Journal of Political Science, 35, 57–90CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Baron, David. 1994. “Electoral Competition with Informed and Uniformed Voters,” American Political Science Review, 8, 33–47CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Baron, David, and Ferejohn, John. 1989. “Bargaining in Legislatures,” American Political Science Review, 83, 1181–1206CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Barron, John M., and Michael Staten. 2003. “The Value of Comprehensive Credit Reports: Lessons from the U.S. Experience,” in Miller, Margaret J., ed., Credit Reporting Systems and the International Economy (273–310) (Cambridge, MA: MIT Press)Google Scholar
Barth, James R., Cordes, Joseph J., and Yezer, Anthony M. J.. 1983. “An Analysis of Informational Restrictions on the Lending Decisions of Financial Institutions,” Economic Inquiry, 21(3), 349–360CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Barth, James R., Gotur, Padma, Manage, Neela, and Yezer, Anthony M. J.. 1983. “The Effect of Government Regulations on Personal Loan Markets: A Tobit Estimation of a Microeconomic Model,” The Journal of Finance, 38(4), 1233–1251CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Barth, James R., R. Dan Brumbaugh, Jr., Daniel Sauerhaft, and George H. K. Wang. 1985. “Thrift-Institution Failures: Causes and Policy Issues,” Working Paper for presentation at the conference on Bank Structure and Competition, Federal Reserve Bank of Chicago, May 1–3
Barth, James R., R. Dan Brumbaugh, Jr., Daniel Sauerhaft, and George H. K. Wang. 1989. “Thrift-Institution Failures: Estimating the Regulator's Closure Rule,” in Kaufman, George G., ed., Research in Financial Services, Vol. 1, 1–23 (London: JAI Press Inc.)Google Scholar
Barth, James R. 1990. “Deposit Insurance Reform,” in Deposit Insurance Reform and Financial Modernization, Hearings before the Committee on Banking, Housing, and Urban Affairs, United States Senate, Vol. II of III, 58–67 (Washington, D.C.: U.S. Government Printing Office)Google Scholar
Barth, James R., Bartholomew, Philip F., and Bradley, Michael G.. 1990. “Determinants of Thrift Institution Resolution Costs,” The Journal of Finance, 45(3), 731–754CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Barth, James R. 1991. The Great Savings and Loan Debacle (Washington, DC: The AEI Press)Google Scholar
Barth, James R., and R. Dan Brumbaugh, Jr. 1994a. “Moral-Hazard and Agency Problems: Understanding Depository Institution Failure Costs,” in Kaufman, George G., ed., Research In Financial Services: Public and Private Policy, Vol. 6, 61–102 (London: JAI Press Ltd.)Google Scholar
Barth, James R., and R. Dan Brumbaugh, Jr. 1994b. “Risk Based Capital: Informational and Political Issues,” in Stone, Charles A. and Zissu, Anne, eds., Global Risk Based Capital Regulations, Volume I: Capital Adequacy, 363–399 (New York: Irwin Professional Publishing)Google Scholar
Barth, James R., and R. Dan Brumbaugh, Jr. 1996. “The Condition and Regulation of Madison Guaranty Savings and Loan Association in the 1980s: A Case Study of Regulatory Failure,” in Kaufman, George G., ed., Research In Financial Services: Public and Private Policy, Vol. 8, 73–96 (London: JAI Press Ltd.)Google Scholar
Barth, James R., Ray Chou, and John S. Jahera, Jr. 1999. “The U.S. Banking Industry in Transition,” in Haar, Jerry and Dandapani, Krishnan, eds., Banking in North America: NAFTA and Beyond, 53–80 (Amsterdam and New York: Pergamon)Google Scholar
Barth, James R., Dan Brumbaugh, R., and Wilcox, James A.. 2000. “The Repeal of Glass-Steagall and the Advent of Broad Banking,” Journal of Economic Perspectives, 14(2), 191–204CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Barth, James R., Daniel E. Nolle, and Tara N. Rice. 2000. “Commercial Banking Structure, Regulation and Performance: An International Comparison,” in Papadimitriou, Dimitri B., ed., Modernizing Financial Systems, 119–251 (New York: St. Martin's Press)Google Scholar
Barth, James R., Gerard Caprio, and Ross Levine. 2001a. “Banking Systems Around the Globe: Do Regulations and Ownership Affect Performance and Stability?,” in Mishkin, Frederic S., ed., Prudential Supervision: What Works and What Doesn't, 31–96 (Chicago: University of Chicago Press)CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Barth, James R., Gerard Caprio, and Ross Levine. 2001b. “The Regulation and Supervision of Bank Around the World: A New Database,” in Litan, Robert E. and Herring, Richard, eds., Integrating Emerging Market Countries into the Global Financial System, Brookings-Wharton Papers on Financial Services, 183–240 (Washington, D.C.: Brookings Institution Press)Google Scholar
Barth, James R., L. G. Dopico, Daniel E. Nolle, and J. A. Wilcox. 2002. “An International Comparison and Assessment of the Structure of Bank Supervision” in Lin, J. and Arner, D., eds., Financial Regulation: A Guide to Structural Reform, 57–92 (Hong Kong: Sweet & Maxwell)Google Scholar
Barth, James R., Nolle, Daniel E., Phumiwasana, Triphon, and Yago, Glenn. 2003. “A Cross-Country Analysis of the Bank Supervisory Framework and Bank Performance,” Financial Markets, Institutions & Instruments, New York University Solomon Center 12(2), 67–120CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Barth, James R., Caprio, Gerard, and Levine, Ross. 2004. “Bank Regulation and Supervision: What Works Best?,” Journal of Financial Intermediation, 13(2), 205–248CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Barth, James R., Koepp, Rob, and Zhou, Zhongfei. 2004. “Institute View: Disciplining China's Banks,” Milken Institute Review: Journal of Economic Policy, 2nd Quarter, 83–92Google Scholar
Barth, James R., Lawrence Goldberg, Daniel E. Nolle, and Glenn Yago. 2004. “Financial Supervision and Crisis Management: U.S. Experience and Lessons for Emerging Market Economies,” prepared for the 2004 EWC/KDI Conference, Honolulu, July 29–30
Basel Committee on Bank Supervision. 2004. “International Convergence of Capital Measurement and Capital Standards: A Revised Framework,” mimeo, Bank for International Settlements, http://www.bis.org/bcbs/index.htm
Baumann, Ursel, and Nier, Erlend. 2003. “Market Discipline and Financial Stability: Some Empirical Evidence,” Financial Stability Review, 14: 134–141Google Scholar
Beatty, Anne L., and Gron, Anne. 2001. “Capital, Portfolio, and Growth: Bank Behavior under Risk-based Capital Guidelines,” Journal of Financial Services Research, 20(1), 5–31CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Beck, Thorsten. 2002. “Deposit Insurance as a Private Club: The Case of Germany,” Quarterly Review of Economics and Finance, 42(4), 701–719CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Beck, Thorsten, Asli Demirgüç-Kunt, Luc Laeven, and Ross Levine. 2004. “Finance, Firm Size, and Growth”. National Bureau of Economic Research Working Paper, No. 10983, Cambridge, MA
Beck, Thorsten, Demirgüç-Kunt, Asli, and Levine, Ross. 2000. “A New Database on the Structure and Development of the Financial Sector,” The World Bank Economic Review, 14, 597–605CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Beck, Thorsten, Demirgüç-Kunt, Asli, and Levine, Ross. 2001. “Legal Theories of Financial Development,” Oxford Review of Economic Policy, 17, 483–501CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Beck, Thorsten, Demirgüç-Kunt, Asli, and Levine, Ross. 2003a. “Law, Endowments, and Finance,” Journal of Financial Economics, 70, 137–181CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Beck, Thorsten, Asli Demirgüç-Kunt, and Ross Levine. 2003b. “Bank Supervision and Corporate Finance,” National Bureau of Economic Research Working Paper No. 9620, Cambridge, MA
Beck, Thorsten, Demirgüç-Kunt, Asli, and Levine, Ross. 2004a. “Law and Finance: Why Does Legal Origin Matter?,” Journal of Comparative Economics, 31, 653–675CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Beck, Thorsten, Asli Demirgüç-Kunt, and Ross Levine. 2004b. “Finance, Inequality, and Poverty: Cross-Country Evidence,” National Bureau of Economic Research Working Paper, No. 10979, Cambridge, MA
Beck, Thorsten, Demirgüç-Kunt, Asli, and Levine, Ross. 2005a. “Law and Firms' Access to Finance,” American Law and Economics Review, 7, 211–252Google Scholar
Beck, Thorsten, Asli Demirgüç-Kunt, and Ross Levine. 2005b. “Bank Supervision and Corruption in Lending,” National Bureau of Economic Research Working Paper, No. 11498, Cambridge, MA
Beck, Thorsten, Demirgüç-Kunt, Asli, and Levine, Ross. 2006a. “Bank Concentration, Competition, and Crises: First Results,” Journal of Banking and Finance, forthcomingCrossRefGoogle Scholar
Beck, Thorsten, Asli Demirgüç-Kunt, and Ross Levine. 2006b. “Bank Concentration and Fragility: Impact and Mechanics,” in Carey, Mark and Stulz, Rene, ed., Risks of Financial Institutions, Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, forthcomingGoogle Scholar
Beck, Thorsten, and Levine, Ross. 2004. “Stock Markets, Banks, and Growth: Correlation and Causality,” Journal of Banking and Finance, 28, 423–442CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Beck, Thorsten, and Ross Levine. 2005. “Legal Institutions and Financial Development,” in Menard, Claude and Shirley, Mary, eds., Handbook of New Institutional Economics 251–278 (The Netherlands: Springer)CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Beck, Thorsten, Levine, Ross, and Loayza, Norman. 2000. “Finance and the Sources of Growth,” Journal of Financial Economics, 58, 261–300CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Becker, Gary S. 1983. “A Theory of Competition among Pressure Groups for Political Influence,” Quarterly Journal of Economics, 98, 371–400CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bennedsen, Morten, and Wolfenzon, Daniel. 2000. “The Balance of Power in Closely Held Corporations,” Journal of Financial Economics, 58(1–2), 113–139CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Benston, George J., and Kaufman, George G.. 1988. “Risk and Solvency Regulation of Depository Institutions: Past Policies and Current Options,” in Monograph Series in Finance and Economics, No. 1988–1, Salomon Brothers Center for the Study of Financial Institutions (New York: New York University)Google Scholar
Benston, George, Bromwich, Michael, Litan, Robert, and Wagenhofer, Alfred. 2003. Following the Money: the Enron Failure and the State of Corporate Disclosure (Washington, DC: AEI-Brookings Joint Center for Regulatory Studies)Google Scholar
Berger, Allen, and Gregory Udell. 1996. “Universal Banking and the Future of Small Business Lending,” in Walter, I. and Saunders, A., eds., Universal Banking: Financial System Design Reconsidered (559–627) (Chicago: Irwin)Google Scholar
Berger, Allen, and Udell, Gregory. 2002. “Small Business Credit Availability and Relationship Lending: The Importance of Bank Organisational Structure,” Economic Journal, 112(477), 32–53CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Berger, Allen, Davies, Sally, and Flannery, Mark. 2000. “Comparing Market and Supervisory Assessments of Bank Performance: Who Knows What When?,” Journal of Money, Credit, and Banking (August), Part 2: 641–667CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Berger, Allen, Demirgüç-Kunt, Asli, Haubrich, Joel G., and Levine, Ross. 2004. “Bank Concentration and Competition,” Journal of Money, Credit, and Banking, 36(3), 433–452CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Berger, Allen, Herring, Richard J., and Szegö, Giorgio P.. 1995. “The Role of Capital in Financial Institutions,” Journal of Banking and Finance, 19, 257–276CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bernanke, Ben. 2004. “The Implementation of Basel II: Some Issues for Cross-Border Banking,” remarks from the Institute of International Bankers' Annual Breakfast Dialogue, Washington, DC, October 4
Besanko, D., and Kanatas, G.. 1996. “The Regulation of Bank Capital: Do Capital Standards Promote Bank Safety?,” The Journal of Finance Intermediation, 5(4), 160–183CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Besley, Timothy, and Stephen Coate. 1996. “Lobbying and Welfare in a Representative Democracy,” mimeo, London School of Economics
Besley, Timothy, and Coate, Stephen. 1997. “An Economic Model of Representative Democracy,” Quarterly Journal of Economics, 112, 85–114CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Besley, Timothy, and Coate, Stephen. 1998. “Sources of Inefficiency in a Representative Democracy: A Dynamic Analysis,” American Economic Review, 88, 139–156Google Scholar
Bhattacharya, Sudipo, Boot, Arnoud W. A., and Thakor, Anjan V.. 1998. “The Economics of Bank Regulation,” Journal of Money Credit and Banking, 30(4), 745–770CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bishop, Matthew. 2002. “The Regulator Who Isn't There,” Economist, May 16, 12–16Google Scholar
Blanchard, Olivier, and Mark Watson. 1982. “Bubbles, Rational Expectations, and Financial Markets,” in Wachtel, Paul, ed., Crises in the Economic and Financial Structure (Lexington, MA: Lexington Books)Google Scholar
Bliss, Robert R. 2003. “Market Discipline: Players, Processes, and Purposes,” paper presented at “Market Discipline: The Evidence across Countries and Industries,” Sixth Annual Global Conference, Cosponsored by the Bank for International Settlements and the Federal Reserve Bank of Chicago, Chicago, IL, October 30–November 1, 2003
Blum, Jurg. 1999. “Do Bank Capital Adequacy Requirements Reduce Risks,” Journal of Banking and Finance, 23, 755–771CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bodenhorn, Howard. 2003. State Banking in Early America: A New Economic History (Oxford: Oxford University Press)Google Scholar
Boot, Arnoud. 2003. “Regulatory and Supervisory Arrangements in the EMU: Some Issues,” mimeo, University of Amsterdam and CEPR
Boot, Arnoud, and Thakor, Anjan. 1997. “Financial System Architecture,” Review of Financial Studies, 10(3), 693–733CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Boot, Arnoud, and Thakor, Anjan. 2000. “Can Relationship Banking Survive Competition?,” Journal of Finance, 55(2), 679–713CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Borio, Claudio, Hunter, William, Kaufman, George, and Tsatsaronis, Kostas. 2004. Market Discipline across Countries and Industries (Cambridge, MA: MIT Press)Google Scholar
Boyd, John H., Chang, Chun, and Smith, Bruce D.. 1998. “Moral Hazard under Commercial and Universal Banking,” Journal of Money, Credit, and Banking 30(2), 426–468CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Boyd, John H., and Nicolo, Gianni. 2005. “The Theory of Bank Risk-Taking and Competition Revisited,” Journal of Finance, 60(3), 1329–1343CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Boyd, John H., Levine, Ross, and Smith, Bruce D.. 2001. “The Impact of Inflation on Financial Sector Performance,” Journal of Monetary Economics, 47, 221–248CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Boyd, John H., and Prescott, Edward C.. 1986. “Financial Intermediary-Coalitions,” Journal of Economic Theory, 38, 211–232CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Briault, Clive. 1999. “The Rationale for a Single National Financial Services Regulator,” Financial Services Authority Occasional Paper, Series 2
Brumbaugh, R. Dan Jr. 1988. Thrifts Under Siege: Restoring Order to American Banking (Cambridge, MA: Ballinger Publishing)Google Scholar
Buch, Claudia, and Ralph Heinrich. 2002. “Financial Integration in Europe and Banking Sector Performance,” mimeo, Kiel Institute for World Economics, January
Buchanan, James J., and Tullock, Gordon. 1962. The Calculus of Consent: Logical Foundation of Constitutional Democracy (Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press)CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Burkart, Mike, Gromb, Denis, and Panunzi, Fausto. 1997. “Large Shareholders, Monitoring, and Fiduciary Duty,” Quarterly Journal of Economics, 112, 693–728CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Burkart, Mike, Gromb, Denis, and Panunzi, Fausto. 1998. “Why Higher Takeover Premia Protect Minority Shareholders,” Journal of Political Economy, 106, 172–204CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bushman, Robert M., and Smith, Abbie J.. 2003. “Transparency, Financial Accounting Information, and Corporate Governance,” Economic Policy Review, 9(1), 65–90Google Scholar
Calomiris, Charles W. 1992. “Getting the Incentives Right in the Current Deposit Insurance System: Successes from the Pre-FDIC Era,” in Barth, James R. and Brumbaugh, R., eds., The Reform of Federal Deposit Insurance: Disciplining the Government and Protecting Taxpayers, 13–35 (New York: Harper Business)Google Scholar
Calomiris, Charles. 1997a. “Universal Banking and the Financing of Industrial Development,” in Caprio, Gerard Jr. and Vittas, Dimitri, eds., Reforming Financial Systems: Historical Implications for Policy (Cambridge and New York: Cambridge University Press)CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Calomiris, Charles. 1997b. The Postmodern Bank Safety Net: Lessons from Developed and Developing Countries (Washington, DC: The AEI Press)Google Scholar
Calomiris, Charles. 1997c. “Contagion and Bank Failures during the Great Depression: The June 1932 Chicago Banking Panic,” American Economic Review, 87, 863–883Google Scholar
Calomiris, Charles. 2003. “Modern Banking,” in Mokyr, Joel, ed., The Oxford Encyclopedia of Economic History (New York: Oxford University Press)Google Scholar
Calomiris, Charles W., and Kahn, Charles. 1991. “The Role of Demandable Debt in Structuring Optimal Banking Arrangements,” American Economic Review, 81(3), 497–513Google Scholar
Calomiris, Charles, and Mason, Joseph. 2003. “Fundamentals, Panics, and Bank Distress during the Depression,” American Economic Review, 93(5), 1615–1647CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Calomiris, Charles W., and Andrew Powell. 2000. “Can Emerging Market Bank Regulators Establish Credible Discipline? The Case of Argentina,” mimeo, Washington, DC, The World Bank. http://www.worldbank.org/research/interest/intrstweb.htm
Calomiris, Charles, and Carlos Ramirez. 2002. “The Political Economy of Bank Entry Restrictions: Theory and Evidence from the US in the 1920s,” mimeo, Columbia Business School
Calomiris, Charles, and Eugene N. White. 1994. “The Origins of Federal Deposit Insurance,” in Goldin, Claudia and Libecap, Gary, eds., The Regulated Economy: A Historical Approach to Political Economy (145–188) (Chicago: University of Chicago Press)CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Camdessus, M. 1997. “The Challenges of a Sound Banking System,” in Enoch, C. and Green, J. H., eds., Banking Soundness and Monetary Policy (535–539) (Washington, DC: International Monetary Fund)Google Scholar
Capie, Forrest. 1997. “The Evolution of Central Banking,” in Caprio, G. and Vittas, D., eds., Reforming Financial Systems: Historical Implications for Policy (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press)CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Capie, Forrest. 2004. The Political Economy of Financial Regulation over the Long Run, mimeo, Cass Business School, London, January
Caprio, Gerard, James A. Hanson, and Patrick Honohan. 2001. “Introduction and Overview: the Case for Liberalization and Some Drawbacks,” in Caprio, Gerard, Honahan, Patrick, and Stiglitz, Joseph E., eds., Financial Liberalization: How Far, How Fast? (3–30) (New York: Cambridge University Press)CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Caprio, Gerard, and Patrick Honohan. 2004. “Can the Unsophisticated Market Provide Discipline?,” in Borio, Claudio, Hunter, William, Kaufman, George, and Tsatsaronis, Kostas, eds., Market Discipline Across Countries and Industries (349–362) (Cambridge, MA: The MIT Press)Google Scholar
Caprio, Gerard, Jr., and Daniela Klingebiel. 1997. “Bank Insolvency: Bad Luck, Bad Policy, or Bad Banking?,” in Bruno, Michael and Pleskovic, Boris, eds., Annual Bank Conference on Development Economics 1996 (29–62), The World BankCrossRefGoogle Scholar
Caprio, Gerard, Jr., and Daniela Klingebiel. 1999. “Episodes of Systematic and Borderline Financial Distress,” mimeo, The World Bank
Caprio, Gerard, Daniela Klingebiel, Luc Laeven, and Guillermo Noguera. 2003. “An Update of the Caprio-Klingebiel Database,” mimeo, the World Bank, http:/www.worldbank.org/finance/html/database_sfd.html
Caprio, Gerard, Luc Laeven, and Ross Levine. 2003. “Governance and Bank Valuation,” National Bureau of Economic Research, Working Paper No. 10158
Caprio, Gerard Jr., and Ross Levine. 2002. “Corporate Governance in Finance: Concepts and International Observations,” in Litan, Robert E., Pomerleano, Michael, and Sundararajan, V., eds., Financial Sector Governance: The Roles of the Public and Private Sectors (17–50) (Washington, DC: Brookings Institution Press)Google Scholar
Caprio, Gerard Jr., and Lawrence Summers. 1996. “Financial Reform: Beyond Laissez Faire,” in Papadimitriou, Dimitri, ed., Stability of the Financial System, (400–422) (New York: Macmillan Press)CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Carkovic, Maria, and Ross Levine. 2002. “Finance and Growth: New Evidence and Policy Analyses for Chile,” in Loayza, Norman and Soto, Raimundo, eds., Economic Growth: Sources, Trends, and Cycles (343–376) (Santiago, Chile: Central Bank of Chile)Google Scholar
Center for Medieval and Renaissance Studies, University of California, Los Angeles. 1979. The Dawn of Modern Banking (New Haven, CT: Yale University Press)
Centre for the Study of Financial Innovation. 2005. Banana Skins 2005: CSFI's Annual Survey of the Risks Facing Banks (London: Centre for the Study of Financial Innovation and PriceWaterhouseCoopers)
Cetorelli, Nicola, and Gambera, M.. 2001. “Banking Market Structure, Financial Dependence and Growth: International Evidence from Industry Data,” Journal of Finance, 56(2), 617–648CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cetorelli, Nicola, and Strahan, Philip, 2005. “Finance as a Barrier to Entry: Bank Competition and Industry Structure in Local U.S. Markets,” forthcoming, Journal of FinanceGoogle Scholar
Chen, A. H., and Mazumdar, S. C.. 1994. “Impact of Regulatory Interactions on Bank Capital Structure,” Journal of Financial Services Research, 8, 283–300CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Claessens, Stijn, Djankov, Simeon, and Lang, Larry. 2000. “The Separation of Ownership and Control in East Asian Corporations,” Journal of Financial Economics, 58 (1–2), 81–112CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Claessens, Stijn, Demirgüç-Kunt, Asli, and Huizinga, Harry. 2001. “How Does Foreign Entry Affect Domestic Banking Markets?,” Journal of Banking and Finance, 25(5), 891–911CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Claessens, Stijn, Djankov, Simeon, Fan, Joseph, and Lang, Larry. 2002. “Disentangling the Incentive and Entrenchment Effects of Large Shareholdings,” Journal of Finance, 57(6), 2741–2771CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Claessens, Stijn, and Daniela Klingebiel, 1999. “Alternative Frameworks for Providing Financial Services, World Bank Policy Research Working Paper 2189, November
Claessens, Stijn, and Laeven, Luc. 2003. “Financial Development, Property Rights, and Growth,” Journal of Finance, 58, 2401–2436CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Coase, Ronald H. 1960. “The Problem of Social Cost,” The Journal of Law and Economics, 3, 1–44CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Collier, Berna. 2004. “Australia's Regulatory Response to Financial Consolidation in the Context of Globalization,” prepared for the 2004 EWC/KDI Conference, Honolulu, July 29–30
Cornwall, Rupert. 1983. God's Banker: An Account of the Life and Death of Roberto Calvi (London: V. Gollancz)Google Scholar
Courtis, Neil, ed. 2002. How Countries Supervise Their Banks, Insurers, and Securities Markets 2003 (London: Central Banking Publishing Ltd)Google Scholar
Crockett, Andrew. 2001. “Banking Supervision and Regulation: International Trends,” paper presented at the 64th Banking Convention of the Mexican Bankers' Association, Acapulco, March 30, http://www.bis.org/speeches/sp010330.htm
Crockett, Andrew, Harris, Trevor, Mishkin, Frederic, and White, Eugene. 2004. Conflicts of Interest in the Financial Services Industry: What Should We Do about Them? (Geneva: International Centre for Monetary and Banking Studies, London: Centre for Economic Policy Research)Google Scholar
Cull, Robert, Senbet, Lemma, and Sorge, Marco. 2005. “Deposit Insurance and Financial Development,” Journal of Money, Credit, and Banking, 37(1), February, 43–82CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cull, Robert, Lance Davis, Naomi Lamoreaux, and Jean-Laurent Rosenthal. 2004. “Historical Financing of SMEs,” mimeo, The World Bank
Dale, Richard. 1994. “Issues in International Banking Regulation: Global Policies for Global Markets,” Financial Review, 32, 118–150Google Scholar
Darlap, Patrick, and Grünbichler Andreas. 2004. “Regulation and Supervision of Financial Markets and Institutions: A European Perspective,” paper presented at the 2004 European Financial Management Association, Basel, Switzerland, June 30–July 3
Das, Udaibir, Marc Quintyn, and Kina Chenard. 2004. “Does Regulatory Governance Matter for Financial System Stability? An Empirical Analysis,” IMF Working Paper, May
DeLong, Bradford. 1991. “Did J. P. Morgan's Men Add Value? An Economist's Perspective on Financial Capitalism,” in Temin, P., ed., Inside the Business Enterprise: Historical Perspectives on the Use of Information (205–250) (Chicago: University of Chicago Press)CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Demirgüç-Kunt, Asli, and Detragiache, Enria. 1998. “The Determinants of Banking Crises in Developing and Developed Countries,” The International Monetary Fund Staff Papers, 45(1), 81–109CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Demirgüç-Kunt, Asli, and Detragiache, Enrica. 2002. “Does Deposit Insurance Increase Banking System Stability? An Empirical Investigation,” Journal of Monetary Economics, 49(7), 1373–1406CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Demirgüç-Kunt, Asli, and Huizinga, Harry. 2004. “Market Discipline and Deposit Insurance,” Journal of Monetary Economics, 51(2) 375–399CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Demirgüç-Kunt, Asli, and Kane, Edward. 2002. “Deposit Insurance Around the Globe: Where Does it Work?,” Journal of Economic Perspectives, 16(2), 175–195CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Demirgüç-Kunt, Asli, Edward J. Kane, and Luc Laeven. 2005. “Determinants of Deposit Insurance: Adoption and Design,” mimeo, The World Bank
Demirgüç-Kunt, Asli, Laeven, Luc, and Levine, Ross. 2004. “Regulations, Market Structure, Institutions, and the Cost of Financial Intermediation,” Journal of Money, Credit and Banking, 36(3, Pt.2), 593–622CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Demirgüç-Kunt, Asli, Ross Levine, and Hong-Ghi Min. 1998. “Opening to Foreign Banks: Issues of Stability, Efficiency and Growth,” in Lee, Seongtae, ed., The Implications of Globalization of World Financial Markets (83–105) (Seoul: Bank of Korea)Google Scholar
Dermine, Jean. 2002. “European Banking: Past, Present and Future,” paper presented at the Second ECB Central Banking Conference, Frankfurt, Germany, October 24–25
Dewatripont, Mathias, and Tirole, Jean. 1993. The Prudential Regulation of Banks (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press)Google Scholar
Díaz-Alejandro, Carlos F. 1985. “Goodbye Financial Repression, Hello Financial Crash,” Journal of Development Economics, 19(September/October), 1–24CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Diamond, Douglas. 1984. “Financial Intermediation and Delegated Monitoring,” Review of Economic Studies, 51(3), 393–414CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Diamond, Douglas, and Dybvig, Philip. 1983. “Bank Runs, Deposit Insurance, and Liquidity,” Journal of Political Economy, 91, 401–419CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Diamond, Jared. 1997. Guns, Germs, and Steel: The Fates of Human Societies (New York: W. W. Norton)Google Scholar
Dinc, Serdar, and Criag O'Neil Brown. 2004. “The Politics of Bank Failures: Evidence from Emerging Markets,” mimeo, University of Michigan Business School
Dixit, Avinash, Grossman, Gene, and Helpman, Elhanan. 1997. “Common Agency and Coordination: General Theory and Application to Government Policy Making,” Journal of Political Economy, 105, 752–769CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Dixit, Avinash, and Londregan, John. 1996. “The Determinants of Success of Special Interests in Redistributive Politics,” Journal of Politics, 58, 1132–1155CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Dixit, Avinash, and Londregan, John. 1998. “Ideology, Tactics, and Efficiency in Redistributive Politics,” Quarterly Journal of Economics, 113, 497–529CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Djankov, S., Porta, R., Lopez-de-Silanes, F., and Shleifer, A.. 2002. “The Regulation of Entry,” Quarterly Journal of Economics, 117(1), 1–37CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Djankov, Simeon, McLiesh, Caralee, Nenova, Tatiana, and Shleifer, Andrei. 2003. “Who Owns the Media,” Journal of Law and Economics, 46, 341–383CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Easterly, William. 2006. “The White Man's Burden: The Wacky Ambition of the West to Transform the Rest,” New York: Penguin, forthcomingGoogle Scholar
Easterly, William, and Levine, Ross. 1997. “Africa's Growth Tragedy: Policies and Ethnic Divisions,” Quarterly Journal of Economics, 112, 1203–1250CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Easterly, William, and Levine, Ross. 2003. “Tropics, Germs, and Crops,” Journal of Monetary Economics, 50, 3−39CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Economides, Nicolas, Glenn Hubbard, R., and Palia, Darius. 1996. “The Political Economy of Branching Restrictions and Deposit Insurance,” Journal of Law and Economics, 29, 667–704CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Edwards, Franklin R. 1979. “Banks and Securities Activities: Legal and Economic Perspective on the Glass-Steagall Act,” in Goldberg, L. and White, L. J., eds., The Deregulation of Banking Securities Activities (273–294) (Lexington, MA: Lexington Books)Google Scholar
Edwards, Franklin R. 1987. “Can Regulatory Reform Prevent the Impending Disaster in Financial Markets?,” in Restructuring the Financial System (1–17) (Kansas City: Federal Reserve Bank of Kansas City)Google Scholar
Ehrenberg, Richard. 1928. Capital and Finance in the Age of the Renaissance: A Study of the Fuggers and Their Connections (New York: Harcourt, Brace, and Co.)Google Scholar
Eisenbeis, R., and Wall, L. D.. 1984. “Risk Considerations in Deregulating Bank Activities,” Federal Reserve Bank of Atlanta Economic Review, 69, 6–19Google Scholar
Engerman, Stanley L., and Kenneth L. Sokoloff. 1997. “Factor Endowments, Institutions, and Differential Paths of Growth among New World Economies,” in Haber, Stephen, ed., How Latin America Fell Behind (260–304) (Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press)Google Scholar
Engerman, Stanley L., and Sokoloff, Kenneth L.. 2002. “Factor Endowments, Inequality, and Paths of Development among New World Economies,” Economia 3 (Fall): 41–102Google Scholar
Engerman, Stanley L., and Sokoloff, Kenneth L.. 2005. “The Evolution of Suffrage Institutions in the New World,” Journal of Economic History, forthcomingCrossRefGoogle Scholar
Eppendorfer, Carsten, Rainer Beckmann, and Markus Neimke. 2002. Background paper to the study “The Benefits of a Working European Retail Market for Financial Services,” European Financial Services Round Table
Eppendorfer, Carsten, Beckmann, Rainer, and Neimke, Markus. 2005. “Banking: McCreevy Asks Italy to Confirm Equal Treatment for Foreign Banks,” European Report, February 9Google Scholar
Federal Reserve Deposit Insurance Corporation. 1984. The First Fifty Years (Washington, DC: Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation)
Federal Reserve Staff. 1941. Banking Studies, Members of the Staff Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System (Baltimore: Waverly Press)
Ferejohn, John. 1986. “Incumbent Performance and Electoral Control,” Public Choice, 50, 5–26CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ferguson, Niall. 2001. The Cash Nexus: Money and Power in the Modern World, 1700–2000 (New York: Basic Books)Google Scholar
Financial Stability Institute. 2004. “Implementation of the New Capital Adequacy Framework in Non-Basel Committee Member Countries,” Occasional Paper Number 4, Basel: Bank for International Settlements
Flandreau, Marc. 2003. The Money Doctors: The Experience of International Financial Advising 1850–2000 (London and New York: Routledge)Google Scholar
Flannery, Mark. 1984. “The Social Costs of Unit Banking Restrictions,” Journal of Monetary Economics, 13, 239–242CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Flannery, Mark. 1989. “Capital Regulation and Insured Banks' Choices of Individual Loan Default Rates,” Journal of Monetary Economics, 24, 235–258CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Flannery, Mark, Kwan, Simon H., and Nimalendran, M.. 2004. “Market Evidence on the Opaqueness of Banking Firms' Assets,” Journal of Financial Economics, 71(3), 419–614CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Flannery, Mark, Young, Robert, Lang, William, and Sorescu, Sorin. 2001. “The Informational Content of Bank Exam Ratings and Subordinated Debt Prices,” Journal of Money, Credit, and Banking, November, 900–925Google Scholar
Foot, Michael. 2004. “Paper 1: Legal Reforms of Financial Regulations: Case of the United Kingdom,” prepared for the 2004 EWC/KDI Conference, Honolulu, July 29–30
Freixas, Xavier. 2002. “An Overall Perspective on Banking Regulation,” Federal Reserve Bank of Philadelphia Working Paper No. 02–1
Furfine, Craig. 2001. “Bank Portfolio Allocation: The Impact of Capital Requirements, Regulatory Monitoring, and Economic Conditions,” Journal of Financial Services Research, 20(1), 33–56CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Furlong, F. T., and Keeley, M. C.. 1989. “Capital Regulation and Bank Risk-Taking: A Note,” Journal of Banking and Finance, 13, 883–891CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Garber, Peter. 2000. Famous First Bubbles: The Fundamentals of Early Manias (Cambridge, MA: MIT Press)Google Scholar
Genotte, G., and Pyle, D.. 1991. “Capital Controls and Bank Risk,” Journal of Banking and Finance, 15(5), 805–924CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gerschenkron, A. 1962. Economic Backwardness in Historical Perspective: A Book of Essays (Cambridge, MA: Belknap Press of Harvard University Press)Google Scholar
Glaeser, Edward L., and Shleifer, Andrei. 2003. “The Rise of the Regulatory State,” Journal of Economic Literature, 41(2), 401–425CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Glaessner, Thomas, Thomas Kellermann, and Valerie McNevin. 2004. “Electronic Safety and Soundness: Securing Finance in a New Age,” Working Paper No. 26, The World Bank
Goldsmith, Raymond. 1969. Financial Structure and Development (New Haven, CT: Yale University Press)Google Scholar
Goodhart, Charles. 2002. “Financial Integration and Prudential Control Segmentation: What Kind of Coordination Does Prudential Policy Need in the Integrated European Financial Market?,” Unpublished paper, Financial Markets Group, London School of Economics
Goodhart, Charles, and Schoenmaker, Dirk. 1995. “Should the Functions of Monetary Policy and Banking Supervision be Separated?,” Oxford Economic Papers 47: 539–560CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Goodhart, Charles, Schoenmaker, Dirk, and Dasgupta, Paolo. 2001. “The Skill Profile of Central Bankers and Supervisors,” FMG Discussion Papers (London: United Kingdom)Google Scholar
Gorton, Gary. 1984. “Private Clearinghouses and the Origins of Central Banking,” Federal Reserve Bank of Philadelphia Business Review (January-February), 3–12Google Scholar
Gorton, Gary. 1985. “Clearinghouses and the Origins of Central Banking in the United States,” Journal of Economic History, 45, 277–283CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gorton, Gary, and Lixin Huang. 2001. “Banking Panics and the Origin of Central Banking,” Working Paper, Wharton Financial Institutions Center
Gorton, Gary, and Andrew Winton. 1999. “Liquidity Provision, and Cost of Bank Capital, and the Macroeconomy,” International Monetary Fund Seminar Series Paper, No. 2000–22:1–43
Greenspan, Alan. 1998. “The Role of Capital in Optimal Banking Supervision and Regulation,” in “Financial Services at the Crossroads: Capital Regulation in the Twenty-First Century, Proceedings of a Conference,” FRBNY Economic Policy Review, 4(3), 163–168Google Scholar
Grossman, Gene M., and Helpman, Elhanan. 1994. “Protection for Sale,” Amercian Economics Review, 84, 833–850Google Scholar
Grossman, Gene M., and Helpman, Elhanan. 1995. “The Politics of Free-Trade Agreements,” American Economic Review, 85, 667–690Google Scholar
Grossman, Gene M., and Helpman, Elhanan. 1996. “Electoral Competition and Special Interest Politics,” Review of Economic Studies, 63, 265–286CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Grossman, Gene M., and Helpman, Elhanan. 2001. Special Interest Politics (Cambridge, MA: MIT Press)Google Scholar
Grossman, Sanford, and Hart, Oliver. 1988. “One Share One Vote and the Market for Corporate Control,” Journal of Financial Economics, 20, 175–202CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Grossman, Sanford, and Stiglitz, Joseph. 1980. “On the Impossibility of Informationally Efficient Markets,” American Economic Review, 70, 393–408Google Scholar
Guiso, Luigi, Sapienza, Paola, and Zingales, Luigi. 2004. “Does Local Financial Development Matter?,” Quarterly Journal of Economics, 119, 929–969CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Haber, Stephen. 2004. “Political Institutions and Economic Development: Evidence from the Banking Systems of the United States and Mexico,” mimeo, Stanford University
Haber, Stephen, Razo, Armando, and Maurer, Noel. 2003. The Politics of Property Rights: Political Instability, Credible Commitments, and Economic Growth in Mexico (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press)CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hahm, Joon-Ho, and Joon-Kyung Kim. 2004. “Risks and Supervisory Challenges of Financial Conglomerates in Korea,” prepared for the EWC/KDI Conference, Honolulu, Hawaii, July 29–30
Hamilton, Alexander, John Jay, and James Madison. 1788. The Federalist Papers (Reprinted in Rossiter, C., ed., The Federalist Papers, New York: New American Library, 1961)Google Scholar
Hammond, Bray. 1957. Banks and Politics in America: From the Revolution to the Civil War (Princeton: Princeton University Press)Google Scholar
Hanson, James. 2003. “Banking in Developing Countries in the 1990s,” World Bank Policy Research Working Paper 3168, The World Bank
Hanson, James, Honohan, Patrick, and Majnoni, Giovanni, eds. 2003. Globalization and National Financial Systems (Washington, DC: The World Bank)Google Scholar
Hanson, James. 2001. “Indonesia and India: Contrasting Approaches to Repression and Liberalization,” in Caprio, Gerard, Honahan, Patrick, and Stiglitz, Joseph E., eds., Financial Liberalization: How Far, How Fast? (233–264) (New York: Cambridge University Press)CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Haubrich, Joseph G., and Santos, João A.. 2003. “Alternative Forms of Mixing Banking with Commerce: Evidence from American History,” Financial Markets, Institutions & Instruments, 12(2), 121–164CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Haubrich, Santos, and Haubrich, Joseph. 2005. “Banking and Commerce: A Liquidity Approach,” Journal of Banking and Finance, 29(2), 271–294CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hawke, John. 2003. “Basel II: a Brave New World for Financial Institutions?,” mimeo, Office of the Comptroller of the Currency, http://www.occ.gov/ftp/release/2003-99a.pdf
Hayek, Friedrich A. 1960. The Constitution of Liberty (Chicago: University of Chicago Press)Google Scholar
Heinemann, Friedrich, and Mathias Jopp. 2002. “The Benefits of a Working European Retail Market for Financial Services,” Report to European Financial Services Round Table, February
Hellman, J., G. Jones, Daniel Kaufmann, and M. Schankerman. 2000. “Measuring Governance and State Capture: The Role of Bureaucrats and Firms in Shaping the Business Environment,” European Bank for Reconstruction and Development, WP 51
Hellmann, Thomas, Murdoch, Kevin, and Stiglitz, Joseph. 2000. “Liberalization, Moral Hazard in Banking and Prudential Regulation: Are Capital Requirements Enough?,” American Economic Review, 90(1), 147–165CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hellmann, Thomas, Kevin Murdoch, and Joseph Stiglitz. 2002. “Franchise Value and the Dynamics of Financial Liberalization: The Use of Capital Requirements and Deposit Rate Controls for Prudential Regulation,” in Meyendorff, Anna and Thakor, Anjan, eds., Financial Systems in Transition: The Design of Financial Systems in Central Europe (111–127) (Cambridge, MA: MIT Press)Google Scholar
Herring, Richard. 2004. “How Can the Invisible Hand Prudential Supervision? and How Can Prudential Supervision Strengthen the Invisible Hand?,” in Borio, Claudio, Hunter, William, Kaufman, George, and Tsatsaronis, Kostas, eds., Market Discipline Across Countries and Industries 363–380 (Cambridge, MA: MIT Press)Google Scholar
Hibbert, Christopher. 2003. The House of Medici: Its Rise and Fall (New York: Perennial)Google Scholar
HM Treasury. 2004. “After the EU Financial Services Plan: A New Strategic Approach,” HM Treasury, England, May
HM Treasury. 2004. “After the EU Financial Services Plan: UK Response to the Reports of the Four Independent Expert Groups,” HM Treasury, England, September
Homer, Sidney, and Sylla, Richard. 1996. A History of Interest Rates (New Brunswick, NJ: Rutgers University Press)Google Scholar
Honohan, Patrick. 2004. “Financial Sector Policy and the Poor: Selected Findings and Issues,” World Bank Working Paper No. 43, The World Bank
Honohan, Patrick, and Daniela Klingebiel. 2000. “Controlling the Fiscal Costs of Banking Crisis,” Policy Research Working Paper 2441, The World Bank
Honohan, Patrick, and Laeven, Luc. 2005. Systemic Financial Crises: Containment and Resolution (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press)CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Horvitz, Paul. 1984. “Subordinated Debt Is Key to New Bank Capital Requirements,” in American Banker, page 5, December 31Google Scholar
Hunter, William C., Kaufman, George G., and Pomerleano, Michael. 2003. Asset Price Bubbles: The Implications for Monetary, Regulatory, and International Policies (Cambridge, MA: MIT Press)Google Scholar
Ingves, Stefan, and Carol S. Carson. 2003. “Offshore Financial Center Program: A Progress Report.” Prepared by the Monetary and Exchange Affairs and Statistics Departments, International Monetary Fund, March
Institute of International Bankers. 2003. Global Survey of Regulatory and Market Developments in Banking, Securities and Insurance (New York: Institute of International Bankers)
International Monetary Fund. 2000. “Offshore Financial Centers,” IMF Background Paper, International Monetary Fund, June 23
International Monetary Fund. 2000. “Offshore Financial Centers,” mimeo, International Monetary Fund
International Monetary Fund. 2001. International Capital Markets (Washington, DC: International Monetary Fund)
International Monetary Fund. 2002. “Offshore Financial Center Program,” A Progress Report, International Monetary Fund, March 28
International Monetary Fund. 2004. International Financial Statistics (Washington, DC: International Monetary Fund)
Jackson, Howell. 2004. “An American Perspective on the U. K. Financial Services Authority: Politics, Goals & Regulatory Intensity,” prepared for the 2004 EWC/KDI Conference, Honolulu, July 29–30
James, John A. 1978. Money and Capital Markets in Postbellum America (Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press)Google Scholar
Jameson, Rob. 2001. “Between Raroc and a Hard Place,” Erisk, February, 1–5Google Scholar
Jayaratne, Jith, and Strahan, Philip E.. 1996. “The Finance Growth Nexus: Evidence from Bank Branch Deregulation,” Quarterly Journal of Economics, 101, 639–670CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Jayaratne, Jith, and Strahan, Philip E.. 1998. “Entry Restrictions, Industry Evolution and Dynamic Efficiency: Evidence from Commercial Banking,” Journal of Law and Economics, 49, 239–274CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Jensen, Michael, and Meckling, William. 1976. “Theory of the Firm, Managerial Behavior, Agency Costs and Ownership Structure,” Journal of Financial Economics, 3, 305–360CrossRefGoogle Scholar
John, Kose, John, Teresa A., and Saunders, Anthony. 1994. “Universal Banking and Firm Risk Taking,” Journal of Banking and Finance,” 18(2), January, 307–323CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Johnson, Simon, McMillan, John, and Woodruff, Christopher. 2002b. “Property Rights and Finance, American Economic Review, 92, 1335–1356CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kahane, Y. 1977. “Capital Adequacy and the Regulation of Financial Intermediaries,” Journal of Banking and Finance, 1, 207–218CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kahn, C. M., and João A. C. Santos. 2004. “Allocating the Lender of Last Resort and Supervision in the Euro Area,” in Alexander, V., Melitz, J., and Furstenberg, G. M., eds., Monetary Unions and Hard Pegs – Effects on Trade, Financial Development, and Stability (347–360) (Oxford and New York: Oxford University Press)CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kahn, Charles M., and Santos, João A. C.. 2005. “Allocating Bank Regulatory Powers: Lender of Last Resort, Deposit Insurance and Supervision,” European Economic Review, forthcoming.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kahneman, D., and Tversky, Andrei. 1979. “Prospect Theory: An Analysis of Decision under Risk,” Econometrica, 47, 263–291CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kane, Edward J. 1977. “Good Intentions and Unintended Evil,” Journal of Money Credit in Banking (February), 55–69CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kane, Edward J. 1981. “Accelerating Inflation, Technological Innovation, and the Decreasing Effectiveness of Banking Regulation,” Journal of Finance, 36(2), 355–367CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kane, Edward J. 1984. “Technological and Regulatory Forces in the Developing Fusion of Financial Services Competition,” Columbus: Ohio State University, WPS 84–4
Kane, Edward J. 1989. The S&L Insurance Mess: How Did It Happen? (Washington, DC: Urban Institute Press)Google Scholar
Kane, Edward J. 1996. “De Jure Interstate Banking: Why Only Now?,” Journal of Money, Credit and Banking, 28, 141–161CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kane, Edward J. 1997. “Ethical Foundations of Financial Regulation,” National Bureau of Economic Research Working Paper 6020
Kane, Edward J., and Berry Wilson. 1998. “A Contracting-Theory Interpretation of the Origins of Federal Deposit Insurance,” National Bureau of Economic Research Working Paper W6451
Kane, Edward J. 2000. “The Dialectical Role of Information and Disinformation in Regulation and Used Banking Crises,” Pacific Basin Finance Journal, 8, 285–308CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kane, Edward J. 2002. “Using Deferred Compensation to Strengthen the Ethics of Financial Regulation,” Journal of Banking and Finance, 26 (September), 1919–1933CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kane, Edward J. 2004. “Financial Regulation and Bank Safety Nets: An International Comparison,” mimeo, Boston College
Kashyup, Anil, and Stein, Jerome. 2004. “Cyclical Implications of the Basel-II Capital Standards,” Federal Reserve Bank of Chicago, Economic Perspectives, First Quarter, 18–31Google Scholar
Kaufmann, D., A. Kraay, and P. Zoido-Lobaton. 1999. “Governance Matters,” Policy Research Working Paper 2196, The World Bank
Kaufman, George. 1994. “Bank Contagion: A Review of the Theory and Evidence,” Journal of Financial Services Research, 8(2), 123–150CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kaufman, George, and Randall Kroszner. 1997. “How Should Financial Institutions and Markets Be Structured?,” in Rojas-Suarez, Liliana, ed., Safe and Sound Financial Systems: What Works for Latin America? (97–122) (Washington, DC: Inter-American Development Bank)Google Scholar
Kaufman, George G. 1999. “Helping to Prevent Banking Crises: Taking the ‘State’ out of State Banks,” Review of Pacific Basin Financial Markets and Policies, 2, 83–98CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kaufman, George G. 1991. “Capital in Banking: Past, Present and Future,” Journal of Financial Services Research, 5, 385–402CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Keefer, Philip. 2000. “When do Special Interest Run Rampant? Disentangling the Role of Elections, Incomplete Information, and Checks and Balances in Banking Crises,” mimeo, The World Bank
Keeley, M. C. 1990. “Deposit Insurance, Risk, and Market Power in Banking,” American Economic Review, 80(5), 1183–1200Google Scholar
Keeley, M. C., and Furlong, F. T.. 1990. “A Reexamination of Mean-Variance Analysis of Bank Capital Regulations,” Journal of Banking and Finance, 14, 69–84CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Key, Sydney. 2003. The Doha Round and Financial Services Negotiations (Washington, DC: AEI Press)Google Scholar
Khan, B. Zorina, and Kenneth L. Sokoloff. 2004. The Innovation of Patent Systems in the Nineteenth Century: A Comparative Perspective, National Bureau of Economic Research, Working Paper
Khwaja, Asim Ijaz, and Atif Mian. 2004. “Do Lenders Favor Politically Connected Firms? Rent Provision in an Emerging Financial Market,” mimeo, University of Chicago
Kim, D., and Santomero, A. M.. 1988. “Risk in Banking and Capital Regulation,” The Journal of Finance, 35, 1219–1233CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kindleberger, Charles P. 1978, 1996. Manias, Panics, and Crashes: A History of Financial Crises (New York: John Wiley and Sons)CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kindleberger, Charles P. 1986. The World in the Depression, 1929–1939 (Berkeley: University of California Press)Google Scholar
Kindleberger, Charles P. 1984. A Financial History of Western Europe (London: Allen & Unwin)Google Scholar
King, Robert G., and Levine, Ross. 1993a. “Finance and Growth: Schumpeter Might Be Right,” Quarterly Journal of Economics, 108, 717–738CrossRefGoogle Scholar
King, Robert G., and Levine, Ross. 1993b. “Finance, Entrepreneurship, and Growth: Theory and Evidence,” Journal of Monetary Economics, 32, 513–542CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Koehn, M., and Santomero, A. M.. 1980. “Regulation of Bank Capital and Portfolio Risk,” Journal of Finance, 35, 1235–1250CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kohn, Meir. 1999. “Early Deposit Banking,” draft chapter of Finance, Business, and Government before the Industrial Revolution, Dartmouth College, http://www.dartmouth.edu/~mkohn/
Kohn, Meir. 2004. Financial Institutions and Markets (New York and Oxford: Oxford University Press)Google Scholar
Kornai, Janos. 1979. “Resource-Constrained vs. Demand-Constrained Systems,” Econometrica, 49, 801–819CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kroszner, Randall S. 1997. “Free Banking: The Scottish Experience as a Model for Emerging Economies,” in Caprio, Gerard and Vittas, Dimitri, eds., Reforming Financial Systems: Historical Implications for Policy (41–64) (New York: Cambridge University Press)CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kroszner, Randall S. 1998. “On the Political Economy of Banking in Financial Regulatory Reform in Emerging Markets,” mimeo, University of Chicago
Kroszner, Randall S. 2001. “The Motivations behind Banking Reform,” Regulation, 24(2), 36–41Google Scholar
Kroszner, Randall S., and Irwin, Douglas. 1999. “Interest, Institutions, and Ideology in Securing Policy Change: The Republican Conversion to Trade Liberalization after Smoot-Hawley,” Journal of Law and Economics, 643–673Google Scholar
Kroszner, Randall S., and Rajan, Raghuram G.. 1994. “Is the Glass-Steagall Act Justified? A Study of the US Experience with Universal Banking before 1933,” American Economic Review, 84, 810–832Google Scholar
Kroszner, Randall S., and Rajan, Raghuram G.. 1997. “Organization Structure and Credibility: Evidence from Commercial Bank Securities Activities before the Glass-Steagall Act,” Journal of Monetary Economics, 29, 475–516CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kroszner, Randall S., and Strahan, Philip. 1999. “What Drives Deregulation? Economics and Politics of the Relaxation of Bank Branching Restrictions,” Quarterly Journal of Economics, 1437–1467CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kroszner, Randall, and Philip Strahan. 2001. “Obstacles to Optimal Policy: The Interplay of Politics and Economics in Shaping Bank Supervision and Regulation Reforms,” in Mishkin, Frederic, ed., Prudential Supervision: What Works and What Doesn't (233–266) (Chicago: University of Chicago Press)CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kroszner, Randall S., and Stratmann, Thomas. 1998. “Interest Group Competition and the Organization of Congress: Theory and Evidence from Financial Services Political Action Committees,” American Economic Review, 1163–1187Google Scholar
Kupiec, Paul, and O'Brien, James. 1995. “A Pre-Commitment Approach to Capital Requirements for Market Risk,” Finance and Economics Discussion Paper Series, No. 1997–14 (Washington, DC: Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve)Google Scholar
Kupiec, Paul, and James O'Brien. 1997. “The Pre-Commitment Approach: Using Incentives to Set Market Risk Capital Requirements,” Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System, Finance and Economics Discussion Paper Series, 1997/14, March
Kuran, Timur. 2004. “Islam and Mammon,” Milken Institute Review, Third Quarter, 61–81Google Scholar
Kwan, S. H., and Laderman, E. S.. 1999. “On the Portfolio Effects of Financial Convergence – A Review of the Literature,” Federal Reserve Bank of San Francisco, 2, 18–31Google Scholar
Laeven, Luc. 2002. “Bank Risk and Deposit Insurance,” World Bank Economic Review, 16, 109–137CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Laeven, Luc. 2002a. “The Pricing of Deposit Insurance,” World Bank Policy Research Working Paper 2871
Laeven, Luc. 2002b. “Insider Lending and Bank Ownership: The Case of Russia,” Journal of Comparative Economics, 29(2), 207–229CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Laeven, Luc. 2004. “The Political Economy of Deposit Insurance,” Journal of Financial Services Research, 26, 201–224CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Laeven, Luc, and Levine, Ross. 2005. “Is There a Diversification Discount in Financial Conglomerates?,” Journal of Financial Economics forthcomingGoogle Scholar
Lam, C. H., and Chen, A. H.. 1985. “Joint Effects of Interest Rate Deregulation and Capital Requirements on Optimal Bank Portfolio Adjustments,” Journal of Finance, 45(2), 563–575CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lamoreaux, N. 1994. Insider Lending: Banks, Personal Connections, and Economic Development in Industrial New England (Cambridge and New York: Cambridge University Press)CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Landes, David. 1998. The Wealth and Poverty of Nations (New York: W. W. Norton)Google Scholar
Lannoo, Karel. 2000. “Challenges to the Structure of Financial Supervision in the EU,” CEPS Working Party Report, Centre for European Policy Studies (Chairman: David Green)
Porta, Rafael, Lopez-de-Silanes, Florencio, and Shleifer, Andrei. 2002. “Government Ownership of Commercial Banks,” The Journal of Finance, 57(1), 265–301CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Porta, Rafael, Lopez-de-Silanes, Florencio, and Shleifer, Andrei. 2005. “What Works in Securities Laws?,” Journal of Finance, forthcomingGoogle Scholar
Porta, Rafael, Lopez-de-Silanes, Florencio, Shleifer, Andrei, and Vishny, Robert W.. 1997. “Legal Determinants of External Finance,” Journal of Finance, 52, 1131–1150CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Porta, Rafael, Lopez-de-Silanes, Florencio, Shleifer, Andrei, and Vishny, Robert W.. 1998. “Law and Finance,” Journal of Political Economy, 106, 1113–1155CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Porta, Rafael, Lopez-de-Silanes, Florencio, Shleifer, Andrei, and Vishny, Robert W.. 1999. “The Quality of Government,” Journal of Law, Economics and Organization, 15, 222–279CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Porta, Rafael, Lopez-de-Silanes, Florencio, Shleifer, Andrei, and Vishny, Robert W.. 2002. “Investor Protection and Corporate Valuation,” Journal of Finance, 57, 1147–1170CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Porta, Rafael, Lopez-de-Silanes, Florencio, and Zamarripa, Guillermo. 2003. “Related Lending,” The Quarterly Journal of Economics, 118(1), 231–268CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lastra, Rosa. 2003. “The Governance Structure for Financial Regulation and Supervision in Europe,” Financial Market Group Special Paper 149, May
Goff, Jacques. 1990. Your Money or Your Life: Economy and Religion in the Middle Ages, trans. Patricia Ranum (Cambridge, MA: MIT Press)Google Scholar
Levine, Ross. 1997. “Financial Development and Economic Growth: Views and Agenda,” Journal of Economic Literature, 35, 688–726Google Scholar
Levine, Ross. 1998. “The Legal Environment, Banks, and Long-run Economic Growth,” Journal of Money, Credit, and Banking, 30, 596–620CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Levine, Ross. 1999. “Law, Finance, and Economic Growth,” Journal of Financial Intermediation, 8, 36–67CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Levine, Ross. 2002. “Bank-Based or Market-Based Financial Systems: Which Is Better?,” Journal of Financial Intermediation, 11, 398–428CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Levine, Ross. 2004. “Denying Foreign Bank Entry: Implications for Bank Interest Margins,” in Ahumada, Luis Antonio and Fuentes, J. Rodrigo, eds., Bank Market Structure and Monetary Policy (271–292) (Santiago: Banco Central de Chile)Google Scholar
Levine, Ross. 2005a. “Finance and Growth: Theory and Evidence,” in Handbook of Economic Growth. Eds. Aghion, Philippe and Durlauf, Steven, Amsterdam: North-Holland Elsevier Publishers, forthcomingGoogle Scholar
Levine, Ross. 2005b. “Law, Endowments, and Property Rights,” Journal of Economic Perspectives, forthcomingCrossRefGoogle Scholar
Levine, Ross, Loayza, Norman, and Beck, Thorsten. 2000. “Financial Intermediation and Growth: Causality and Causes,” Journal of Monetary Economics, 46, 31–77CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Levine, R., and Zervos, Sara. 1993. “What Have We Learned about Policy and Growth from Cross-country Regressions?,” The American Economic Review, 83(2), 426–430Google Scholar
Levine, Ross, and Zervos, Sara. 1998. “Stock Markets, Banks, and Economic Growth,” American Economic Review, 88, 537–558Google Scholar
Lewis, Arthur. 1950. The Principles of Economic Planning (London: G. Allen & Unwin)Google Scholar
Lindgren, Carl-Johan, Garcia, Gillian, and Saal, Matthew I.. 1996. Bank Soundness and Macroeconomic Policy (Washington, DC: International Monetary Fund)Google Scholar
Lown, Cara, Morgan, Donald P., and Rohatgi, Sonali. 2000. “Listening to Loan Officers: The Impact of Commercial Credit Standards on Lending and Output,” Economic Policy Review, Federal Reserve Bank of New York, 6(2), 1–16Google Scholar
Macey, Jonathan R. 2003. Regulatory Globalization as a Response to Regulatory Competition, Emory Law Journal, 52(3), 1353–1379Google Scholar
Macey, Jonathan R., and O'Hara, Maureen. 2003. “The Corporate Governance of Banks,” Economic Policy Review, Federal Reserve Bank of New York 9 (Special Issue), 91–108Google Scholar
Marchetti, Juan A. 2003. “What Should Financial Regulators Know About the GATS?,” mimeo, paper presented at the Central Banking seminar, Cambridge University, England, 7–11
Marshall, Monty, and Keith Jaggers. 2002. “Data Users' Manual,” Polity IV Project, Center for International Development and Conflict Management, University of Maryland. http://www.cidcm.umd.edu/inscr/polity/index.htm
Martínez, José de Luna, and Thomas A. Rose. 2003. “International Survey of Integrated Supervision,” in Arner, Douglas and Lin, Jan-Juy, eds., Financial Regulation: A Guide to Structural Reform (3–39) (Hong Kong: Sweet & Maxwell Asia)Google Scholar
Martinez-Peria, Maria Soledad, and Schmukler, Sergio. 2001. “Do Depositors Punish Banks for ‘Bad’ Behavior? Market Discipline, Deposit Insurance and Banking Crises,” The Journal of Finance, 56(3), 1029–1051CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Mathieson, Donald, and Jorge Roldos. 2001. “The Role of Foreign Banks in Emerging Markets,” presented at the 3rd Annual Financial Markets and Development Conference, New York, New York, April 19–21
Mauro, Paolo. 1995. “Corruption and Growth,” Quarterly Journal of Economics, 110, 681–712CrossRefGoogle Scholar
McCraw, Thomas K. 1984. The Prophets of Regulation (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press)Google Scholar
Mian, Atif. 2003. “Foreign, Domestic Private, and Government Banks: New Evidence from Emerging Markets,” mimeo, Graduate School of Business, University of Chicago
Milne, Alistair. 2004. “The Inventory Perspective on Bank Capital,” mimeo, City University, London
Mishan, E. J. 1969. Welfare Economics: An Assessment (Amsterdam and London: North Holland Publishing Company)Google Scholar
Morgan, Donald. 2002. “Rating Banks: Risk and Uncertainty in an Opaque Industry,” American Economic Review, 92, 874–888CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Morner, Anna. 1997. “Banking Law Reform in Central and Eastern Europe – The Influence of European Union Banking Legislation,” Essays in International Financial & Economic Law, No.11, London Institute of International Banking, Finance, & Development Law, England
Myrdal, Gunnar. 1968. Asian Drama (New York: Pantheon)Google Scholar
Nenovsky, Nikolay, and Kalina Dimirova. 2003. “Deposit Insurance During EU Accession,” William Davidson Institute Working Paper Number 617, October
North, Douglass C., and Weingast, Barry R.. 1989. “Constitutions and Commitment: The Evolution of Institutions Governing Public Choice in Seventeenth-Century England,” Journal of Economic History, 49(4), 803–832CrossRefGoogle Scholar
North, Douglass C., William Summerhill, and Barry Weingast. 2000. “Order, Disorder, and Economic Change: Latin America Versus North America,” in Mesquita, Bruce Bueno and Root, Hilton L., eds., Governing for Prosperity, 17–58 (New Haven, CT: Yale University Press)Google Scholar
Office of the Comptroller of the Currency. 2003. Detecting Red Flags in Board Reports: A Guide for Directors (Washington, DC: Office of the Comptroller of the Currency)
Olson, Mancur. 1965. The Logic of Collective Action (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press)Google Scholar
Pages, H., and J. A. C. Santos. 2001. “Optimal Supervisory Policies and Depositor-Preference Laws,” mimeo, Federal Reserve Bank of New York
Palia, Darius, and Porter, Robert. 2003. “Contemporary Issues in Regulatory Risk Management of Commercial Banks,” Financial Markets, Institutions & Instruments, 12(4), 223–289CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Peek, Joseph, and Rosengren, Eric. 2000. “Collateral Damage: Effects of the Japanese Bank Crisis on Real Activity in the United States,” American Economic Review, 90(1), 30–45CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Peltzman, Sam. 1976. “Toward a More General Theory of Regulation,” Journal of Law and Economics, 10, 109–148Google Scholar
Peltzman, Sam. 1989. “The Economic Theory of Regulation after a Decade of Deregulation,” Brookings Papers: Microeconomics, 1–41Google Scholar
Persson, Torsten, Roland, Gerard, and Tabellini, Guido. 1997. “Separation of Powers and Political Accountability,” Quarterly Journal of Economics, 112, 1163–1202CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Persson, Torsten, and Tabellini, Guido. 2000. Political Economics: Explaining Economic Policy (Cambridge, MA: MIT Press)Google Scholar
Persson, Torsten, and Guido Tabellini. 2002. “Political Economics and Public Finance,” in Auerbach, A. and Feldstein, M., eds., Handbook of Public Economics, Volume 3 (1549–1650) (Amsterdam: North-Holland)Google Scholar
Peterson, Mitchell, and Rajan, Raghuram. 1994. “The Benefits of Lending Relationships: Evidence from Small Business Data,” The Journal of Finance, 49, 3–37CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Philipps, Ronnie J. 1995. The Chicago Plan and New Deal Banking Reform (Armonk, NY: M. E. Sharpe)Google Scholar
Pigou, Arthur C. 1938. The Economics of Welfare, 4th edition (London: Macmillan)Google Scholar
Poole, Keith, and Rosenthal, Howard. 1997. Congress: A Political-Economic History of Roll Call Voting (Oxford: Oxford University Press)Google Scholar
Posner, Richard A. 1974. “Theories of Economic Regulation,” The Bell Journal of Economics and Management Science, 5(2), 3–21CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Powell, Andrew. 2004. “Basel II and Developing Countries: Sailing through the Sea of Standards,” mimeo, Universidad Torcuato di Tella and The World Bank
Puri, M. 1996. “Commercial Banks in Investment Banking: Conflict of Interest or Certification Role?,” Journal of Financial Economics, 40, 373–401CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Putnam, Robert. 1993. Making Democracy Work: Civic Traditions in Modern Italy (Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press)Google Scholar
Quintyn, Marc, and Taylor, Michael W. 2004. “Should Financial Sector Regulators Be Independent?,” Economic Issues, 32, International Monetary FundGoogle Scholar
Rajan, Raghuram, and Zingales, Luigi. 2003. Saving Capitalism from the Capitalists: Unleashing the Power of Financial Markets to Create Wealth and Spread Opportunity (New York: Crown)Google Scholar
Ramirez, C. 1995. “Did J. P. Morgan's Men Add Liquidity? Corporate Investment, Cash-Flow, and Financial Structure at the Turn of the Century,” Journal of Finance, 50, 661–678CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ramirez, Carlos. 1999. “Did Bank Security Affiliates Add Value? Evidence from the Commercial Banking Industry During the 1920s,” mimeo, George Mason University
Robertson, Ross M. 1995. The Comptroller and Bank Supervision: A Historical Appraisal (Washington, D.C.: The Office of the Comptroller of the Currency, Administrator of National Banks)Google Scholar
Rochet, Jean-Charles. 2003. “Rebalancing the 3 Pillars of Basel 2,” mimeo, paper prepared for Columbia University – N.Y. Federal Reserve Bank Conference, Beyond Pillar Three in International Bank Regulation
Rochet, Jean-Charles. 1992. “Capital Requirements and the Behavior of Commercial Banks,” European Economic Review, 36(5), 1137–1170CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Rodrik, Dani. 2004. “Rethinking Growth Policies in the Developing World,” mimeo, Harvard University
Rodrik, Dani, Arvind Subramanium, and Francesco Trebbi. 2002. “Institutions Rule: The Privacy of Institutions over Geography and Integration in Economic Development,” mimeo, Harvard University
Roe, Mark J. 1994. Strong Managers Weak Owners: The Political Roots of American Corporate Finance (Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press)Google Scholar
Roosevelt, Franklin D. 1933. “Franklin D. Roosevelt's First Fireside Chat,” The Fireside Chats of Franklin Delano Roosevelt, March 12. http://www.blackmask.com/books93c/fdrfc.htm
Rosen, Richard J. 2003. “Is Three a Crowd? Competition among Regulators in Banking,” Journal of Money, Credit & Banking, 35(6), 967–998CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Roover, Raymond. 1966. The Rise and Fall of the Medici Bank, 1397–1494 (New York: W. W. Norton)Google Scholar
Rousseau, Peter L., and Richard Sylla. 2003. “Financial Systems, Economic Growth, and Globalization,” in Bordo, Michael D., Taylor, Alan M. and Williamson, Jeffrey G., eds., Globalization in Historical Perspective (373–413) (Chicago: University of Chicago Press)CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Santos, João A. C. 1998a. “Banking and Commerce: How Does the United States Compare to Other Countries?,” Federal Reserve Bank of Cleveland Economic Review, 34(4), 14–26Google Scholar
Santos, João A. C. 1998b. “Commercial Banks in the Securities Business: A Review,” Journal of Financial Services Research, 14(1), 35–59CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Santos, João A. C. 1999. “Bank Capital and Equity Investment Regulations,” Journal of Banking and Finance, 23(7), 1095–1120CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Santos, João A. C. 2001. “Bank Capital Regulation in Contemporary Banking Theory: A Review of the Literature,” Financial Markets, Institutions and Instruments, 10(2), 41–84CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Santos, João A. C. 2004. “Do Markets Discipline All Banks Equally,” mimeo, Federal Reserve Bank of New York
Saunders, Anthony, and Wilson, Berry. 1999. “The Impact of Consolidation and Safety-net Support on Canadian, U.S., and U. K. Banks: 1893–1992,” Journal of Banking and Finance, 23, 537–571CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Saunders, Anthony. 1994. “Banking and Commerce: An Overview of the Public Policy Issues,” Journal of Banking and Finance, 18(2), 231–254CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Schüler, Martin. 2003a. “How Do Banking Supervisors Deal with Europe-wide Systemic Risk,” Discussion Paper No. 03–03, Centre for European Economic Research
Schüler, Martin. 2003b. “Incentive Problems in Banking Supervision – The European Case,” Discussion Paper No. 03–62, Center for European Economic Research, Mannheim, Germany, October
Schumpeter, Joseph A. 1912. “Theorie der Wirtschaftlichen Entwicklung. Leipzig: Dunker & Humblot,” The Theory of Economic Development, translated by R. Opie. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1934Google Scholar
Shadow Financial Regulatory Committee. 1999. The Basel Committee's New Capital Adequacy Framework, Statement Number 156, September 27, http://www.aei.org/research/shadow/publications/pageID.241,projectID.15/default.asp
Shaffer. Sherrill. 1993. “Market Conduct and Excess Capacity in Banking: A Cross-country Comparison,” Federal Reserve Bank of Philadephia, Working Papers No. 93–28:1–41
Shiller, Robert. 2003. The New Financial Order (Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press)Google Scholar
Shin, Hyun Song, Felix Muennich, Charles Goodhart, Paul Embrechts, Jon Danielsson, and Con Keating. 2001. “An Academic Response to Basel II,” FMG Special Papers SP130, Financial Markets Group, London School of Economics
Shleifer, Andrei. 2000. Inefficient Markets: An Introduction to Behavioral Finance (New York: Oxford University Press)CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Shleifer, Andrei. 2005. “Understanding Regulation,” mimeo, Harvard University, and European Financial Management, forthcomingCrossRefGoogle Scholar
Shleifer, Andrei, and Summers, Lawrence. 1990. “The Noise Trader Approach to Finance,” Journal of Economic Perspectives, 4(2), 19–33CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Shleifer, Andrei, and Vishny, R.. 1993. “Corruption,” Quarterly Journal of Economics, 108, 599–617CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Shleifer, Andrei, and Vishny, R.. 1994. “Politicians and Firms,” Quarterly Journal of Economics, 109, 995–1025CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Shleifer, Andrei, and Vishny, Robert W.. 1997. “A Survey of Corporate Governance,” The Journal of Finance, 52(2), 737–783CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Shleifer, Andrei, and Vishny, Robert W.. 1998. The Grabbing Hand: Government Pathologies and Their Cures (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press)Google Scholar
Shleifer, Andrei, and Wolfenzon, Daniel. 2002. “Investor Protection and Equity Markets,” Journal of Financial Economics, 66(1), 3–27CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Singer, David, A. 2003. “Capital Rules: The Domestic Politics of International Regulatory Harmonization,” mimeo, August 15
Sokoloff, Kenneth L., and Engerman, Stanley L.. 2000. “History Lessons: Institutions, Factor Endowments, and Paths of Development in the New World,” Journal of Economic Perspectives, 14(3), 217–232CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Song, Inwon. 2004. “Foreign Banking Supervision and Challenges to Emerging Market Supervisors,” IMF Working Paper, May
Staff report. 2002. “Legal Framework Must for Governing Islamic Financial Institutions,” Daily Times Pakistan, November 11, 2002,
Steil, Benn. 1994. “Introduction: Effective Public Policy in a World of Footloose Finance,” in Steil, Benn, ed., International Financial Market Regulation (1–14) Wiley PublishersGoogle Scholar
Stevens, E. 2000. “Evolution in Banking Supervision,” Economic Commentary, Federal Reserve Bank of Cleveland, http://www.clevelandfed.org/research/com2000/0301.htm
Stigler, George J. 1971. “The Theory of Economic RegulationThe Bell Journal of Economics and Management Science, 2(1), 3–21CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Stigler, George. 1975. The Citizen and the State: Essays on Regulation (Chicago: University of Chicago Press)Google Scholar
Stiglitz, Joseph. 1994. Whither Socialism (Cambridge, MA: MIT Press)Google Scholar
Stiglitz, Joseph E., and Weiss, Andrew. 1981. “Credit Rationing in Markets with Imperfect Information,” American Economic Review, 71, 393–410Google Scholar
Stulz, Rene. 1988. “Managerial Control of Voting Rights: Financial Policies and the Market for Corporate Control,” Journal of Financial Economics, 20, 25–54CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Stulz, Rene, and Williamson, Rohan. 2003. “Culture, Openness, and Finance,” Journal of Financial Economics, 313–349, DecemberCrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sundararajan, V., and Luca Errico. 2002. “Islamic Financial Institutions and Products in the Global Financial System: Key Issues in Risk Management and Challenges Ahead,” IMF Working Paper No. 02/192
Sundararajan, V., David Marston, and Ritu Basu. 2001. “Financial System Standards and Financial Stability – The Case of Basel Core Principles,” IMF Working Paper No. 01/62
Swamy, P. A. V. B., James R. Barth, Ray Y. Chou, and John S. Jahera, Jr. 1996. “Determinants of U.S. Commercial Bank Performance: Regulatory and Econometric Issues,” in Chen, Andrew H., ed., Research in Finance, Volume 14, 117–156 (London: JAI Press Inc.)Google Scholar
Sylla, Richard E. 1975. The American Capital Market, 1846–1914: A Study of the Effects of Public Policy on Economic Development (New York: Arno Press)Google Scholar
Sylla, Richard, Legler, John, and Wallis, John. 1987. “Banks and State Public Finance in the New Republic: The United States, 1790–1860,” Journal of Economic History, 47, 391–403CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Tabellini, Guido. 2004. “Culture and Institutions: Economic Development in the Regions of Europe,” mimeo, IGIER, Bocconi University
Tadesse, Soloman. 2004. “Banking Fragility and Disclosure: International Evidence,” mimeo, University of South Carolina (Moore School of Business)
Tarullo, Daniel. “Banking on Basel: the Future of International Financial Regulation,” Washington, DC: Institute for International Economics, forthcoming
Taylor, Edward. 2005. “Europe's Banks Find Bold Moves Lead to Outcry; Drive to Match U.S. Rivals Stokes Fears of Losing Jobs as well as National Pride,” Wall Street Journal (Eastern Edition), page A9, February 11Google Scholar
Temin, Peter, and Voth, Hans Joachim. 2004. “Riding the South Sea Bubble,” American Economic Review, 94(5), 1654–1668CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Thakor, Anjan. 1996. “The Design of Financial Systems: An Overview,” Journal of Banking and Finance, 20, 917–948CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Thakor, Anjan, and Wilson, Patricia, 1995. “Capital Requirements, Loan Renegotiation and the Borrower's Choice of Financing Source,” Journal of Banking and Finance, 19, 693–711CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Marjolein, T. Hart, Jonker, Joost, and Zanden, Jan Luiten. 1997. A Financial History of the Netherlands (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press)Google Scholar
Townsend, Robert M. 1979. “Optimal Contracts and Competitive Markets with Costly State Verification,” Journal of Economic Theory, 21(2), 265–293CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Tsebelis, George. 1999. “Veto Players and Law Production in Parliamentary Democracies: An Empirical Analysis,” American Political Science Review, 93(3), 591–608CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Tullock, Gordon. 1959. “Some Problems of Majority Voting,” Journal of Political Economy, 67, 571–579CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Vennet, R. V. 1999. “Costs and Profit Dynamics in Financial Conglomerates and Universal Banks in Europe,” mimeo, University of Gent
Udell, Gregory F. 1989. “Loan Quality, Commercial Loan Review and Loan Officer Contracting,” Journal of Banking and Finance, 13, 367–382CrossRefGoogle Scholar
U.S. Department of State. 2004. “Offshore Financial Centers,” International Narcotic Control Strategy Report-2003, released by the Bureau for International Narcotics and Law Enforcement Affairs, March
Thadden, Eric L. 2004. “Introduction to Bank Capital Adequacy Regulation Under the New Basel Accord,” Journal of Financial Intermediation, 13, 90–95Google Scholar
Wallis, John. 2004. “The Concept of Systematic Corruption in American History,” in Glaeser, Edward L. and Goldin, Claudia, eds., Corruption and Reform: Lessons from America's History, forthcoming, University of Chicago PressCrossRefGoogle Scholar
Weber, Max. 1958. The Protestant Ethic and the Spirit of Capitalism (New York: Charles Scribner's Sons)Google Scholar
Weingast, Barry R., and Marshall, William. 1988. “The Industrial Organization of Congress,” Journal of Political Economy, 96, 132–163CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Weingast, Barry R., Shepsle, Kenneth, and Johnsen, Christopher. 1981. “The Political Economy of Benefits and Costs: A Neoclassical Approach to Distributive Politics,” Journal of Political Economy, 89, 642–664CrossRefGoogle Scholar
White, Eugene. 1982. “The Political Economy of Banking Regulation, 1864–1933,” The Journal of Economic History, 42(1), 33–40CrossRefGoogle Scholar
White, Eugene. 1983. The Regulation and Reform of the American Banking System, 1900–1929 (Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press)CrossRefGoogle Scholar
White, Eugene. 1986. “Before the Glass-Steagall Act: An Analysis of the Investment Banking Activities of Commercial Banks,” Explorations in Economic History, 23, 33–55CrossRefGoogle Scholar
White, Eugene. 1997. “Deposit Insurance,” in Caprio, Gerard and Vittas, Dimitri, eds., Reforming Financial Systems: Historical Implications for Policy (85–100) (New York: Cambridge University Press)CrossRefGoogle Scholar
White, Eugene. 2005. “The Evolution of Banking Regulation in Twentieth Century Colombia,” mimeo, Rutgers University, http://econweb.rutgers.edu/white/.
White, Lawrence J. 1991. The S&L Debacle: Public Policy Lessons for Bank and Thrift Regulation (Oxford: Oxford University Press)Google Scholar
White, Lawrence H. 1995. Free Banking in Britain: Theory, Experience, and Debate, 1800–1845, 2nd edition (London: Institute of Economic Affairs)Google Scholar
Wittman, Donald N. 1995. The Myth of Democratic Failure (Chicago: University of Chicago Press)Google Scholar
World Bank. 1995. Bureaucrats in Business, A World Bank Policy Research Report (Oxford: Oxford University Press)
World Bank. 2001. Finance for Growth: Policy Choices in a Volatile World, A World Bank Policy Research Report (Oxford: Oxford University Press)
Wurgler, Jeffrey. 2000. “Financial Markets and the Allocation of Capital,” Journal of Financial Economics, 58, 187–214CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wyplosz, Charles. 2001. “Financial Restraints and Liberalization in Postwar Europe,” in Caprio, Gerard, Honohan, Patrick, and Stiglitz, Joseph E., eds., Financial Liberalization: How Far, How Fast? (125–158) (New York and Cambridge: Cambridge University Press)CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Zimmerman, Gary. 1996. “Integrating Banking Markets in the EC,” FRBSF Economic Letter, April, www.sf.frb.org‏econrsrch‏wklylty‏el9612.htmlGoogle Scholar
Zingales, Luigi. 2004. “The Costs and Benefits of Financial Market Regulation,” European Corporate Governance Institute, Working Paper No. 21/2004
Abrams, Burton A., and Settle, Russell F.. 1993. “Pressure-group influence and Institutional Change: Branch Banking Legislation during the Great Depression,” Public Choice, 77, 687–705CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Acemoglu, Daron, Johnson, Simon, and Robinson, James A.. 2001. “The Colonial Origins of Comparative Development: An Empirical Investigation,” American Economic Review, 91(5), 1369–1401CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Adams, Renée, and Mehran, Hamid 2003. “Is Corporate Governance Different for Bank Holding Companies?,” Economic Policy Review, 9 (Special Issue, April), Federal Reserve Bank of New York, 123–142Google Scholar
Adams, Renée, and Joao Santos. 2004. “Identifying the Effect of Managerial Control on Firm Performance,” mimeo, Federal Reserve Bank of New York
Akerlof, George. 1970. “The Market for Lemons: Quality Uncertainty and the Market Mechanism,” Quarterly Journal of Economics, 89, 488–500CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Alexander, G. J., and A. M. Baptista. 2001. “A VaR-Constrained Mean-Variance Model: Implications for Portfolio Selection and the Basle Capital Accord,” mimeo, University of Minnesota
Alexander, Kern. 2002. “The World Trade Organization and Financial Stability: The Need to Resolve the Tension between Liberalization and Prudential Regulation,” Working Paper No. 5, ESRC Centre for Business Research, Cambridge University
Allen, Franklin, and Douglas Gale. 2003. “Capital Adequacy Regulation: In Search of a Rationale,” in Arnott, R., Greenwald, B., Kanbur, R., and Nalebuff, B., eds., Economics for an Imperfect World: Essays in Honor of Joseph Stiglitz (Cambridge, MA: MIT Press)Google Scholar
Alston, Philip. 1997. “The Myopia of the Handmaidens: International Lawyers and Globalization,” European Journal of International Law, 8(2), 435–441CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ang, J. S., and Richardson, T.. 1994. “The Underpricing Experience of Commercial Bank Affiliates Prior to the Glass-Steagall Act: A Re-examination of Evidence for Passage of the Act,” Journal of Banking and Finance, 18, 351–395CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Armstrong, Lawrin. 2003. “Usury,” in Mokyr, Joel, ed., The Oxford Encyclopedia of Economic History (New York: Oxford University Press)Google Scholar
Arner, Douglas, Zhongfei Zhou, Mattheo Bushehri, Berry F. C. Hsu, Jianbo Lou, and Wei Wang. 2004. “Financial Regulation and the WTO: Liberalization and Restructuring in China Two Years Post-Accession,” EAIEL Policy Paper no. 1. East Asian International Economic Law & Policy Programme, University of Hong Kong
Atkinson, Andrew B., and Stiglitz, Joseph E.. 1980. Lectures on Public Economics (London: McGraw-Hill)Google Scholar
Austin-Smith, David, and Wright, John. 1992. “Competitive Lobbying for a Legislator's Vote,” Social Choice and Welfare, 9, 229–257Google Scholar
Austin-Smith, David, and Wright, John. 1994. “Counteractive Lobbying,” American Journal of Political Science, 38, 25–44CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Banerjee, Abhijit V., Shawn Cole, and Esther Duflo. 2004. “Banking Reform in India,” mimeo, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, http://econ-www.mit.edu/faculty/index.htm?prof_id=banerjee&type=paper
Baron, David. 1991. “Majoritarian Incentives, Pork Barrel Programs and Procedural Control,” American Journal of Political Science, 35, 57–90CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Baron, David. 1994. “Electoral Competition with Informed and Uniformed Voters,” American Political Science Review, 8, 33–47CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Baron, David, and Ferejohn, John. 1989. “Bargaining in Legislatures,” American Political Science Review, 83, 1181–1206CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Barron, John M., and Michael Staten. 2003. “The Value of Comprehensive Credit Reports: Lessons from the U.S. Experience,” in Miller, Margaret J., ed., Credit Reporting Systems and the International Economy (273–310) (Cambridge, MA: MIT Press)Google Scholar
Barth, James R., Cordes, Joseph J., and Yezer, Anthony M. J.. 1983. “An Analysis of Informational Restrictions on the Lending Decisions of Financial Institutions,” Economic Inquiry, 21(3), 349–360CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Barth, James R., Gotur, Padma, Manage, Neela, and Yezer, Anthony M. J.. 1983. “The Effect of Government Regulations on Personal Loan Markets: A Tobit Estimation of a Microeconomic Model,” The Journal of Finance, 38(4), 1233–1251CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Barth, James R., R. Dan Brumbaugh, Jr., Daniel Sauerhaft, and George H. K. Wang. 1985. “Thrift-Institution Failures: Causes and Policy Issues,” Working Paper for presentation at the conference on Bank Structure and Competition, Federal Reserve Bank of Chicago, May 1–3
Barth, James R., R. Dan Brumbaugh, Jr., Daniel Sauerhaft, and George H. K. Wang. 1989. “Thrift-Institution Failures: Estimating the Regulator's Closure Rule,” in Kaufman, George G., ed., Research in Financial Services, Vol. 1, 1–23 (London: JAI Press Inc.)Google Scholar
Barth, James R. 1990. “Deposit Insurance Reform,” in Deposit Insurance Reform and Financial Modernization, Hearings before the Committee on Banking, Housing, and Urban Affairs, United States Senate, Vol. II of III, 58–67 (Washington, D.C.: U.S. Government Printing Office)Google Scholar
Barth, James R., Bartholomew, Philip F., and Bradley, Michael G.. 1990. “Determinants of Thrift Institution Resolution Costs,” The Journal of Finance, 45(3), 731–754CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Barth, James R. 1991. The Great Savings and Loan Debacle (Washington, DC: The AEI Press)Google Scholar
Barth, James R., and R. Dan Brumbaugh, Jr. 1994a. “Moral-Hazard and Agency Problems: Understanding Depository Institution Failure Costs,” in Kaufman, George G., ed., Research In Financial Services: Public and Private Policy, Vol. 6, 61–102 (London: JAI Press Ltd.)Google Scholar
Barth, James R., and R. Dan Brumbaugh, Jr. 1994b. “Risk Based Capital: Informational and Political Issues,” in Stone, Charles A. and Zissu, Anne, eds., Global Risk Based Capital Regulations, Volume I: Capital Adequacy, 363–399 (New York: Irwin Professional Publishing)Google Scholar
Barth, James R., and R. Dan Brumbaugh, Jr. 1996. “The Condition and Regulation of Madison Guaranty Savings and Loan Association in the 1980s: A Case Study of Regulatory Failure,” in Kaufman, George G., ed., Research In Financial Services: Public and Private Policy, Vol. 8, 73–96 (London: JAI Press Ltd.)Google Scholar
Barth, James R., Ray Chou, and John S. Jahera, Jr. 1999. “The U.S. Banking Industry in Transition,” in Haar, Jerry and Dandapani, Krishnan, eds., Banking in North America: NAFTA and Beyond, 53–80 (Amsterdam and New York: Pergamon)Google Scholar
Barth, James R., Dan Brumbaugh, R., and Wilcox, James A.. 2000. “The Repeal of Glass-Steagall and the Advent of Broad Banking,” Journal of Economic Perspectives, 14(2), 191–204CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Barth, James R., Daniel E. Nolle, and Tara N. Rice. 2000. “Commercial Banking Structure, Regulation and Performance: An International Comparison,” in Papadimitriou, Dimitri B., ed., Modernizing Financial Systems, 119–251 (New York: St. Martin's Press)Google Scholar
Barth, James R., Gerard Caprio, and Ross Levine. 2001a. “Banking Systems Around the Globe: Do Regulations and Ownership Affect Performance and Stability?,” in Mishkin, Frederic S., ed., Prudential Supervision: What Works and What Doesn't, 31–96 (Chicago: University of Chicago Press)CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Barth, James R., Gerard Caprio, and Ross Levine. 2001b. “The Regulation and Supervision of Bank Around the World: A New Database,” in Litan, Robert E. and Herring, Richard, eds., Integrating Emerging Market Countries into the Global Financial System, Brookings-Wharton Papers on Financial Services, 183–240 (Washington, D.C.: Brookings Institution Press)Google Scholar
Barth, James R., L. G. Dopico, Daniel E. Nolle, and J. A. Wilcox. 2002. “An International Comparison and Assessment of the Structure of Bank Supervision” in Lin, J. and Arner, D., eds., Financial Regulation: A Guide to Structural Reform, 57–92 (Hong Kong: Sweet & Maxwell)Google Scholar
Barth, James R., Nolle, Daniel E., Phumiwasana, Triphon, and Yago, Glenn. 2003. “A Cross-Country Analysis of the Bank Supervisory Framework and Bank Performance,” Financial Markets, Institutions & Instruments, New York University Solomon Center 12(2), 67–120CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Barth, James R., Caprio, Gerard, and Levine, Ross. 2004. “Bank Regulation and Supervision: What Works Best?,” Journal of Financial Intermediation, 13(2), 205–248CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Barth, James R., Koepp, Rob, and Zhou, Zhongfei. 2004. “Institute View: Disciplining China's Banks,” Milken Institute Review: Journal of Economic Policy, 2nd Quarter, 83–92Google Scholar
Barth, James R., Lawrence Goldberg, Daniel E. Nolle, and Glenn Yago. 2004. “Financial Supervision and Crisis Management: U.S. Experience and Lessons for Emerging Market Economies,” prepared for the 2004 EWC/KDI Conference, Honolulu, July 29–30
Basel Committee on Bank Supervision. 2004. “International Convergence of Capital Measurement and Capital Standards: A Revised Framework,” mimeo, Bank for International Settlements, http://www.bis.org/bcbs/index.htm
Baumann, Ursel, and Nier, Erlend. 2003. “Market Discipline and Financial Stability: Some Empirical Evidence,” Financial Stability Review, 14: 134–141Google Scholar
Beatty, Anne L., and Gron, Anne. 2001. “Capital, Portfolio, and Growth: Bank Behavior under Risk-based Capital Guidelines,” Journal of Financial Services Research, 20(1), 5–31CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Beck, Thorsten. 2002. “Deposit Insurance as a Private Club: The Case of Germany,” Quarterly Review of Economics and Finance, 42(4), 701–719CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Beck, Thorsten, Asli Demirgüç-Kunt, Luc Laeven, and Ross Levine. 2004. “Finance, Firm Size, and Growth”. National Bureau of Economic Research Working Paper, No. 10983, Cambridge, MA
Beck, Thorsten, Demirgüç-Kunt, Asli, and Levine, Ross. 2000. “A New Database on the Structure and Development of the Financial Sector,” The World Bank Economic Review, 14, 597–605CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Beck, Thorsten, Demirgüç-Kunt, Asli, and Levine, Ross. 2001. “Legal Theories of Financial Development,” Oxford Review of Economic Policy, 17, 483–501CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Beck, Thorsten, Demirgüç-Kunt, Asli, and Levine, Ross. 2003a. “Law, Endowments, and Finance,” Journal of Financial Economics, 70, 137–181CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Beck, Thorsten, Asli Demirgüç-Kunt, and Ross Levine. 2003b. “Bank Supervision and Corporate Finance,” National Bureau of Economic Research Working Paper No. 9620, Cambridge, MA
Beck, Thorsten, Demirgüç-Kunt, Asli, and Levine, Ross. 2004a. “Law and Finance: Why Does Legal Origin Matter?,” Journal of Comparative Economics, 31, 653–675CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Beck, Thorsten, Asli Demirgüç-Kunt, and Ross Levine. 2004b. “Finance, Inequality, and Poverty: Cross-Country Evidence,” National Bureau of Economic Research Working Paper, No. 10979, Cambridge, MA
Beck, Thorsten, Demirgüç-Kunt, Asli, and Levine, Ross. 2005a. “Law and Firms' Access to Finance,” American Law and Economics Review, 7, 211–252Google Scholar
Beck, Thorsten, Asli Demirgüç-Kunt, and Ross Levine. 2005b. “Bank Supervision and Corruption in Lending,” National Bureau of Economic Research Working Paper, No. 11498, Cambridge, MA
Beck, Thorsten, Demirgüç-Kunt, Asli, and Levine, Ross. 2006a. “Bank Concentration, Competition, and Crises: First Results,” Journal of Banking and Finance, forthcomingCrossRefGoogle Scholar
Beck, Thorsten, Asli Demirgüç-Kunt, and Ross Levine. 2006b. “Bank Concentration and Fragility: Impact and Mechanics,” in Carey, Mark and Stulz, Rene, ed., Risks of Financial Institutions, Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, forthcomingGoogle Scholar
Beck, Thorsten, and Levine, Ross. 2004. “Stock Markets, Banks, and Growth: Correlation and Causality,” Journal of Banking and Finance, 28, 423–442CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Beck, Thorsten, and Ross Levine. 2005. “Legal Institutions and Financial Development,” in Menard, Claude and Shirley, Mary, eds., Handbook of New Institutional Economics 251–278 (The Netherlands: Springer)CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Beck, Thorsten, Levine, Ross, and Loayza, Norman. 2000. “Finance and the Sources of Growth,” Journal of Financial Economics, 58, 261–300CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Becker, Gary S. 1983. “A Theory of Competition among Pressure Groups for Political Influence,” Quarterly Journal of Economics, 98, 371–400CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bennedsen, Morten, and Wolfenzon, Daniel. 2000. “The Balance of Power in Closely Held Corporations,” Journal of Financial Economics, 58(1–2), 113–139CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Benston, George J., and Kaufman, George G.. 1988. “Risk and Solvency Regulation of Depository Institutions: Past Policies and Current Options,” in Monograph Series in Finance and Economics, No. 1988–1, Salomon Brothers Center for the Study of Financial Institutions (New York: New York University)Google Scholar
Benston, George, Bromwich, Michael, Litan, Robert, and Wagenhofer, Alfred. 2003. Following the Money: the Enron Failure and the State of Corporate Disclosure (Washington, DC: AEI-Brookings Joint Center for Regulatory Studies)Google Scholar
Berger, Allen, and Gregory Udell. 1996. “Universal Banking and the Future of Small Business Lending,” in Walter, I. and Saunders, A., eds., Universal Banking: Financial System Design Reconsidered (559–627) (Chicago: Irwin)Google Scholar
Berger, Allen, and Udell, Gregory. 2002. “Small Business Credit Availability and Relationship Lending: The Importance of Bank Organisational Structure,” Economic Journal, 112(477), 32–53CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Berger, Allen, Davies, Sally, and Flannery, Mark. 2000. “Comparing Market and Supervisory Assessments of Bank Performance: Who Knows What When?,” Journal of Money, Credit, and Banking (August), Part 2: 641–667CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Berger, Allen, Demirgüç-Kunt, Asli, Haubrich, Joel G., and Levine, Ross. 2004. “Bank Concentration and Competition,” Journal of Money, Credit, and Banking, 36(3), 433–452CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Berger, Allen, Herring, Richard J., and Szegö, Giorgio P.. 1995. “The Role of Capital in Financial Institutions,” Journal of Banking and Finance, 19, 257–276CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bernanke, Ben. 2004. “The Implementation of Basel II: Some Issues for Cross-Border Banking,” remarks from the Institute of International Bankers' Annual Breakfast Dialogue, Washington, DC, October 4
Besanko, D., and Kanatas, G.. 1996. “The Regulation of Bank Capital: Do Capital Standards Promote Bank Safety?,” The Journal of Finance Intermediation, 5(4), 160–183CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Besley, Timothy, and Stephen Coate. 1996. “Lobbying and Welfare in a Representative Democracy,” mimeo, London School of Economics
Besley, Timothy, and Coate, Stephen. 1997. “An Economic Model of Representative Democracy,” Quarterly Journal of Economics, 112, 85–114CrossRefGoogle Scholar