Deformities of the foot

Equinus

The entire weight is borne by the forefoot, the hindfoot remaining off the ground. The equinus deformity may be compensatory for either quadriceps or gluteus maximus weakness, or due to shortening of the limb. The equinus deformity may also be caused by contracture of gastrocnemius and/or soleus.

Calcaneus

Here the weight is borne mainly by the hindfoot. The forefoot may have varying degrees of weight bearing, but definitely below normal.

Varus

The weight is borne mainly on the outer side of the foot. This deformity is mainly at the hindfoot.

Valgus

Weight bearing is borne mainly on the inner side of the foot. This deformity is of the hindfoot or of both the forefoot and hindfoot.

Inverted foot

When the hindfoot and forefoot are both in a varus position, the deformity is termed an inverted foot. The accentuation of this position will gradually turn the sole towards the sky – supination of the foot. In these positions, i.e. in inverted and supinated foot, adduction of the forefoot and plantar flexion of the ankle will coexist.

Everted foot

The hindfoot and forefoot are both in a valgus position. The outer part of the sole bears increasingly less weight. In the exaggerated situation, the outer part of the sole acquires a tendency to face towards the sky. In this position, adduction of the forefoot and dorsiflexion at the ankle will coexist.