The preceding chapters have examined how politics interacted with literature in an attempt to transform early revolutionary Mongolian society, and how overarching themes – political theory, religion, industry, agriculture – informed the treatment of this transformation in literary writing. This chapter – serving as a bridge of sorts between these thematic treatments and a discussion of how the Great Repression, the Great Patriotic War and the engineering of Socialist Realism helped foster the friendship between Mongolia and the Soviet Union – deals with the way in which literature reflected the individual in Mongolian society and their relationships with their extended family and with society as a whole.

In considering how Mongolia's population was framed by socialist ideology, we should remember that at socialism's ideological center lies the idea of ‘class’. Marx, and those who sought to put Marxian theories to the service of the societies in which they lived, saw history not in individual terms but in terms of class dynamics. Class, however, is not an especially helpful way to analyze the dynamics of nomadic society, and the idea of the ‘masses’ that this taxonomy necessitates denies Mongolian nomadic society the idea of fluid personal interactions and associations across time and space by which it is most usefully defined.