Skip to main content Accessibility help
×
Hostname: page-component-7479d7b7d-c9gpj Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-07-12T15:27:26.096Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

12 - Interplay of Relational Parent–Child Representations from a Psychoanalytic Perspective: An Analysis of Two Mother–Father–Child Triads

from Part Three - Clinical Implications

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  10 July 2009

Hadas Wiseman
Affiliation:
Faculty of Education, University of Haifa, Israel
Ruth Hashmonay
Affiliation:
Faculty of Education, University of Haifa, Israel
Judith Harel
Affiliation:
Department of Psychology, University of Haifa, Israel
Ofra Mayseless
Affiliation:
University of Haifa, Israel
Get access

Summary

Abstract

In this chapter a psychoanalytic perspective is applied to the examination of parents' representations of their relationships with their child, and to the interplay between these representations and the child's relational representations. A review of the psychoanalytic object relations and attachment perspectives on parent–child relational representations is followed by the illustration of the application of the Core Conflictual Relational Theme method (CCRT; Luborsky & Crits-Christoph, 1998) and the Working Model of the Child Interview (WMCI; Zeanah et al., 1986) to two mother–father–child triads. The CCRT identifies the content of relational themes in relationship narratives, while the WMCI assesses the parent's working model of the child and the relationship. Links between the parents' and child's relational themes and representation organization are presented in order to demonstrate the shared and unshared aspects of the inner worlds of parents and children, and the implications for clinical work with young children are discussed.

In this chapter, we apply a psychoanalytic perspective to parents' representations of their relationships with their child, and to the interplay between these representations and the child's relational representations. By applying the Core Conflictual Relational Theme method (CCRT: Luborsky & Crits-Christoph, 1998) and the Working Model of the Child Interview (WMCI: Zeanah, Benoit, & Barton, 1986) to the analysis of two mother–father–child triads, we will illustrate both the relational themes (content) and the cognitive aspects (organization and coherence) of the representations of the working model of the parent–child relationship (Gabarino, 1998).

Type
Chapter
Information
Parenting Representations
Theory, Research, and Clinical Implications
, pp. 352 - 387
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Print publication year: 2006

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Abelin, E. L. (1975). Some further observations and comments on the earliest role of the father. The International Journal of Psycho-Analysis, 56, 293–302.Google ScholarPubMed
Aber, J. L., Slade, A., Cohen, L., & Meyer, J. (1989, April). Parental representations of their toddlers: Their relationship to parental history and sensitivity and toddler security. Paper presented at the Biennial Meeting of the Society for Research in Child Development, Baltimore, MD.Google Scholar
Ammaniti, M. & Sergi, G. (2003). Clinical dynamics during adolescence: Psychoanalytic and attachment perspectives. Psychoanalytic Inquiry, 23, 54–80.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Balint, M. (1968). The Basic Fault. London: Tavistock.Google Scholar
Barber, J. P., Foltz, C., & DeRubeis, R. J. (2002). Consistency of interpersonal themes in narratives about relationships. Psychotherapy Research, 12(2), 139–58.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Barber, J. P., Luborsky, L., Crits-Christoph, P., & Diguer, L. (1995). A comparison of core conflictual relationship themes before psychotherapy and during early sessions. Journal of Consulting & Clinical Psychology, 63, 145–8.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Belsky, J., Gilstrap, B., & Rovine, M. (1984). The Pennsylvania infant and family development project: I. Stability and change in mother-infant and father-infant interaction in a family setting at one, three and nine months. Child Development, 55, 692–705.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ben-Aaron, M., Eshel, Y., & Harel, J. (1999). Relational themes in mother-child and father-child dyads of 4.5–6.5 years old children as seen in free play interactions, teaching interactions and evoked story stems. Paper Presented at the IPA Research Seminar, UCL, London.Google Scholar
Ben-Aaron, M., Harel, J., Kaplan, H., & Patt, R. (2001). Mother-child and Father-child Psychotherapy. London and Philadelphia: Whurr.Google Scholar
Benjamin, J. (1988). The Bonds of Love. New York: Pantheon Books.Google Scholar
Bion, W. R. (1967). Second Thoughts. London: Heinemann.Google Scholar
Blatt, S. J.& Lerner, H. (1983). Investigations in the psychoanalytic theory of object relations & object representations. In J. Masling (Ed.), Empirical Studies of Psychoanalytic Theories. Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum, pp. 189–249.Google Scholar
Bowlby, J. (1969). Attachment and Loss: Volume 1. Attachment. London: Hogarth Press and the Institute of Psycho-Analysis.Google Scholar
Bowlby, J. (1973). Attachment and Loss: Volume 2. Separation: Anxiety and Anger. London: Hogarth Press and the Institute of Psycho-Analysis.Google Scholar
Bowlby, J. (1980). Attachment and Loss: Volume 3. Loss: Sadness and Depression. London: Hogarth Press and the Institute of Psycho-Analysis.Google Scholar
Bowlby, J. (1988). A Secure Base. London: Tavistock Routledge.Google Scholar
Bretherton, I. (1984). Representing the social world in symbolic play: Reality and fantasy. In Bretherton, I. (Ed.), Symbolic Play: The Development of Social Understanding. New York: Academic Press, pp. 1–41.Google Scholar
Bretherton, I. (1999). Updating the “internal model” construct: Some reflections. Attachment & Human Development, 1(3), 343–57.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bretherton, I., Biringen, Z., Ridgeway, D., Maslin, C., & Sherman, M. (1989). Attachment: The parental perspective. Infant Mental Health Journal, 10, 203–21.3.0.CO;2-8>CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bretherton, I. & Munholland, K. A. (1999). Internal working models in attachment relationships. A construct revisited. In Cassidy, J. & Shaver, P. R. (Eds.), Handbook of Attachment: Theory, Research, and Clinical Application. New York: Guilford Press, pp. 89–111.Google Scholar
Bretherton, I., Oppenheim, D., Buchsbaum, H., Emde, R., & the MacArthur Narrative Group. (1990). The MacArthur Story-stem Battery. Unpublished manual, University of Wisconsin-Madison.Google Scholar
Britton, R. (1989). The missing link: Parental sexuality in the Oedipus complex. In Steiner, J. (Ed.), The Oedipus Complex Today. London: Karnac Books, pp. 83–102.Google Scholar
Buchsbaum, H. & Emde, R. (1990). Play narratives in 36-month-old children: The portrayal of early moral development and family relationships. In Solnit, A. J., Newbauer, P., Abrams, S., & Dowling, A. S. (Eds.), The Psychoanalytic Study of the Child. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, pp. 129–55.Google Scholar
Cabrera, N. J., Tamis-Lemonda, C. S., Bradley, R. H., Hofferth, S., & Lamb, M. E. (2000). Fatherhood in the twenty-first century. Child Development, 71(1), 127–36.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Cox, M. J., Owen, M. T., Henderson, V. K., & Margand, N. A. (1992). Prediction of infant–father and infant–mother attachment. Developmental Psychology, 28, 474–83.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Diamond, D., Blatt, S. J., & Lichtenberg, J. (2003). Prologue – Attachment research and psychoanalysis III: Further reflections on theory and clinical experience. Psychoanalytic Inquiry, 23, 1–11.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Emde, R. N., Wolf, D. P., & Oppenheim, D. (2003). Revealing the Inner Worlds of Young Children: The MacArthur Story Stem Battery and Parent-Child Narratives. New York: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Etchegoyen, A. (2002). Psychoanalytic ideas about fathers. In Trowell, J. & Etchegoyen, A. (Eds.), The Importance of Fathers. New York: Taylor & Francis, pp. 20–41.Google Scholar
Fairbairn, W. R. D. (1952). Psychoanalytic Studies of the Personality. London: Routledge.Google Scholar
Fitzgerald, H. E., Mann, T., & Barratt, M. (1999). Fathers and infants. InfantMental Health Journal, 20 (3), 213–21.3.0.CO;2-G>CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Fonagy, P. (2001). Attachment Theory and Psychoanalysis. New York: Other Press.Google Scholar
Fonagy, P., Gergely, G., Jurist, E. L., & Target, M. (2002). Affect Regulation, Mentalization, and the Development of the Self. New York: Other Press.Google Scholar
Fonagy, P., Steele, H., & Moran, G. S., Steel, M., & Higgitt, A. (1991). The capacity for understanding mental states: The reflective self in parent and child and its significance for security of attachment. Infant Mental Health Journal, 13, 200–17.Google Scholar
Fonagy, P. & Target, M. (1995). Understanding the violent patient: The use of the body and the role of the father. The International Journal of Psycho-Analysis, 76, 487–501.Google ScholarPubMed
Fonagy, P. & Target, M. (1996). Playing with reality: I. Theory of mind and the normal development of psychic reality. International Journal of Psycho-Analysis, 77, 217–33.Google ScholarPubMed
Fonagy, P. & Target, M. (1998). Mentalization and the changing aims of child psychoanalysis. Psychoanalytic Dialogues, 8, 87–114.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gabarino, J. J. (1998). Comparisons of the constructs and psychometric properties of selected measures of adult attachment. Measurement and Evaluation in Counseling and Development, 31, 28–44.Google Scholar
George, C., Kaplan, N., & Main, M. (1985). Adult Attachment Interview. Unpublished manuscript, University of California at Berkeley.Google Scholar
George, C. & Solomon, J. (1996). Representational models of relationships: Links between caregiving and attachment. Infant Mental Health Journal, 17, 198–216.3.0.CO;2-L>CrossRefGoogle Scholar
George, C. & Solomon, J. (1999). Attachment and caregiving: The caregiving behavioral system. In Cassidy, J. & Shaver, P. R. (Eds.), Handbook of Attachment: Theory, Research, and Clinical Application. New York: Guilford Press, pp. 649–69.Google Scholar
Guntrip, H. (1971). Psychoanalytic Theory, Therapy, and the Self. New York: Basic Books.Google Scholar
Hashmonay, R. (2005). Interplay between representations: Links between mothers' and fathers' representations of their child and the child's relational representations and adjustment. Unpublished doctoral dissertation, University of Haifa, Israel.
Jacobson, E. (1954). The self and the object world: Vicissitudes of their infantile cathexes and their influence on ideational affective development. Psychoanalytic Study of the Child, 9, 75–127.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Jacobson, E. (1964). The Self and the Object World. New York: International Universities Press.Google Scholar
Kerenberg, O. F. (1976). Object relations theory and clinical psychoanalysis. New York: Aronson.
Kerenberg, O. F. (1984). Severe Personality Disorders: Psychotherapeutic Strategies. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press.Google Scholar
Klein, M. (1932). The Psychoanalysis of Children. Reprinted as The Writings of Melanie Klein, Volume 2. London: Hogarth Press, 1975.Google Scholar
Lamb, M. E. & Oppenheim, D. (1989). Fatherhood and father-child relationships: Five years of research. In Cath, S. H., Gurwitt, A., & Gunsberg, L. (Eds.), Fathers and Their Families. Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum, pp. 11–26.Google Scholar
Lieberman, A. F. & Zeanah, C. H. (1999). Contributions of attachment theory to infant-parent psychotherapy and other interventions with infants and young children. In Cassidy, J. & Shaver, P. R. (Eds.), Handbook of Attachment: Theory, Research and Clinical Applications. New York: Guilford, pp. 555–74.Google Scholar
Luborsky, L. (1977). Measuring a pervasive psychic structure in psychotherapy: The Core Conflictual Relationship Theme. In Freedman, N. & Grand, S. (Eds.), Communicative Structures and Psychic Structures. New York: Plenum Press, pp. 367–95.Google Scholar
Luborsky, L. (1998). The Relationship Anecdotes Paradigm (RAP) interview as a versatile source of narratives. In Luborsky, L. & Crits-Christoph, P. (Eds.), Understanding Transference: The Core Conflictual Relationship Theme Method. Washington, DC: American Psychological Association, pp. 109–20.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Luborsky, L. & Crits-Christoph, P. (1998). Understanding Transference: The Core Conflictual Relationship Theme Method. Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Luborsky, L., Luborsky, E. B., Diguer, L., Schaffler, P., Schmidt, K., Dengler, D., Faude, J., Morris, M., Buchsbaum, H., & Emde, R. (1995). Extending the Core Conflictual Relationship into childhood. In Noam, G. & Fisher, K. (Eds.), Development and Vulnerability in Close Relationships. Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum, pp. 287–398.Google Scholar
Lyons-Ruth, K. (1999). The two person unconscious: Intersubjective dialogue, enactive relational representations and the emergence of new forms of relational organization. Psychoanalytic Inquiry, 19(4), 576–617.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lyons-Ruth, K., Bronfman, E., & Atwood, G. (1999). A relational diathesis model of hostile-helpless states of mind: Expressions in mother-infant interaction. In Solomon, J. & George, C. (Eds.), Attachment Disorganization. New York: Guilford, pp. 33–70.Google Scholar
Main, M. (1991). Metacognitive knowledge, metacognitive monitoring, and singular (coherent) vs. multiple (incoherent) model of attachment. Findings and directions for future research. In Parks, C., Stevenson-Hinde, J., & Marris, P. (Eds.), Attachment Across the Life Cycle. London: Routledge, pp. 127–60.Google Scholar
Main, M., Kaplan, K., & Cassidy, J. (1985). Security in infancy, childhood and adulthood: A move to the level of representation. In Bretherton, I. & Waters, E. (Eds.), Growing Points of Attachment Theory and Research. Monographs of the Society for Research in Child Development, 50 (1–2, serial No. 209), 66–104.Google Scholar
Ogden, T. (1994). Subjects of Analysis. Northvale, NJ: Aronson.Google Scholar
Sandler, J. (1995/2003). On attachment to internal objects. Psychoanalytic Inquiry, 23, 12–26.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sandler, J. & Sandler, A. (1978). On the development of object relationships and affects. The International Journal of Psycho-Analysis, 59, 285–96.Google ScholarPubMed
Sandler, J. & Sandler, A. (1998). Internal Objects Revisited. Madison, Connecticut: International University Press.Google Scholar
Schneider-Rosen, K. & Burke, P. B. (1999). Multiple attachment relationships within families: Mothers and fathers with two young children. Developmental Psychology, 35, 436–44.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Shaver, P. R., Collins, N., & Clark, C. L. (1996). Attachment styles and internal working models of self and relationship partners. In Fletcher, G. J., Garth, J. O., & Fitness, J. (Eds.), Knowledge Structures in Close Relationships: A Social Psychological Approach. Mahwah, NJ: Erlbaum, pp. 25–61.Google Scholar
Slade, A. (1999). Representation, symbolization, and affect regulation in the concomitant treatment of a mother and child: Attachment theory and child psychotherapy. Psychoanalytic Inquiry, 91(5), 797–830.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Slade, A., Grienenberger, J., Bernbach, E., Levy, D., & Locker, A. (2001). Maternal reflective functioning and the caregiving relationship: The link between mental states and mother infant affective communication. Paper presented at the Biennial Meeting of the Society for Research in Child Development, Minneapolis, MN, April 22.Google Scholar
Stern, D. N. (1983). The early development of schemas of self, other, and “self with other.” In Lichtenberg, J. D. & Kaplan, S. (Eds.), Reflections on Self Psychology. Hillsdale, N.J.: Analytic Press, pp. 49–83.Google Scholar
Stern, D. N. (1985). The Interpersonal World of the Infant. New York: Basic Books.Google Scholar
Stern, D. N. (1995). The Motherhood Constellation: A Unified View of Parent-Infant Psychotherapy. New York: Basic Books.Google Scholar
Stern, D. N., Sander, L., Nachman, J., Harrison, A., Lyons-Ruth, K., Morgan, A., Bruchweiler-Stern, N., & Tronick, E. (1998). Non-interpretative mechanisms in psychoanalytic therapy: The “something more” than interpretation. International Journal of Psychoanalysis, 79(5), 903–21.Google Scholar
Target, M. & Fonagy, P. (2002). Fathers in modern psychoanalysis and in society: The role of the father and child development. In Trowell, J. & Etchegoyen, A. (Eds.), The Importance of Fathers. New York: Taylor & Francis, pp. 45–66.Google Scholar
IJzendoorn, M. H. (1995). Adult attachment representations, parental responsiveness, and infant attachment: A meta-analysis on the predictive validity of the Adult Attachment Interview. Psychological Bulletin, 117, 387–403.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Waldinger, R. J., Seidman, E. L., Gerber, A. J., Liem, J. H., Allen, J. P., & Hauser, S. T. (2003). Attachment and core relationship themes: Wishes for autonomy and closeness in the narratives of securely and insecurely attached adults. Psychotherapy Research, 13, 77–98.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Winnicott, D. W. (1958). Collected Papers. New York: Basic Books.Google Scholar
Winnicott, D. W. (1965). Ego distortion in terms of true and false self. In The Maturational Processes and the Facilitating Environment. New York: International Universities Press, pp. 140–52.Google Scholar
Winnicott, D. W. (1971). Playing and Reality. Middlesex, UK: Penguin.Google Scholar
Wiseman, H. & Barber, J. P. (2004). The Core Conflictual Relationship Theme approach to relational narratives: Interpersonal themes in the context of intergenerational communication of trauma. In Lieblich, A., McAdams, D. P., & Josselson, R. (Eds.), Healing Plots: The Narrative Basis of Psychotherapy. Washington, DC: American Psychological Association, pp. 151–70.Google Scholar
Wolf, D. P. (1993). There and then, intangible and internal: Narratives in early childhood. In Spodek, B. (Ed.), Handbook of Research on the Education of Young Children. New York: Macmillan, pp. 42–56.Google Scholar
Zeanah, C. H. & Barton, M. L. (1989). Internal representations and parent-infant relationships. Infant Mental Health Journal, 10, 135–41.3.0.CO;2-H>CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Zeanah, C. & Benoit, D. (1995). Clinical applications of a parent perception interview. Child Psychiatric Clinics of North America, 4, 539–54.Google Scholar
Zeanah, C., Benoit, D., & Barton, M. (1986). Working Model of the Child Interview. Unpublished manuscript, Brown University, Providence, RI.Google Scholar

Save book to Kindle

To save this book to your Kindle, first ensure coreplatform@cambridge.org is added to your Approved Personal Document E-mail List under your Personal Document Settings on the Manage Your Content and Devices page of your Amazon account. Then enter the ‘name’ part of your Kindle email address below. Find out more about saving to your Kindle.

Note you can select to save to either the @free.kindle.com or @kindle.com variations. ‘@free.kindle.com’ emails are free but can only be saved to your device when it is connected to wi-fi. ‘@kindle.com’ emails can be delivered even when you are not connected to wi-fi, but note that service fees apply.

Find out more about the Kindle Personal Document Service.

Available formats
×

Save book to Dropbox

To save content items to your account, please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. Find out more about saving content to Dropbox.

Available formats
×

Save book to Google Drive

To save content items to your account, please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. Find out more about saving content to Google Drive.

Available formats
×