(220.) It is found in every country, that the situation of large manufacturing establishments is confined to particular districts. In the earlier history of a manufacturing community, before cheap modes of transport have been extensively introduced, it will almost always be found that the article will be manufactured near those spots in which nature has produced the raw material. In the heavier articles, and in those the value of which depends more upon the material than upon the labour expended on it, this will most frequently be the case. Most of the metallic ores being exceedingly heavy, and being mixed up with large quantities of weighty and useless materials, must be smelted at no great distance from the spot which affords them: fuel and power are the requisites for reducing them; and any considerable fall of water in the vicinity will naturally be resorted to for aid in all the coarser exertions of physical force; for pounding the ore, blowing the furnaces, or for hammering and rolling out the iron. There are indeed peculiar circumstances which will modify this. Iron, coal, and limestone, frequently occur in the same district; but the union of the fuel in the same locality with the ore does not happen with respect to other metals. In Cornwall there exist mines of copper and of tin, but none of coal.