Skip to main content Accessibility help

We use cookies to distinguish you from other users and to provide you with a better experience on our websites. Close this message to accept cookies or find out how to manage your cookie settings.

Close cookie message
×
Hostname: page-component-5c6d5d7d68-pkt8n Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-08-13T15:18:38.412Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

Chapter 5 - Predominantly interstitial lung disease

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  05 May 2016

Sanjay Mukhopadhyay
Sanjay Mukhopadhyay
Affiliation:
Cleveland Clinic, Ohio
Get access
Type
Chapter
Information
Non-Neoplastic Pulmonary Pathology
An Algorithmic Approach to Histologic Findings in the Lung
 , pp. 185 - 256
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Print publication year: 2000

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Primary Sources

American Thoracic Society; European Respiratory Society. American Thoracic Society/European Respiratory Society international multidisciplinary consensus classification of the idiopathic interstitial pneumonias. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2002;165:277–304.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Flaherty, KR, Toews, GB, Travis, WD, et al. Clinical significance of histological classification of idiopathic interstitial pneumonia. Eur Respir J 2002;19:275–83.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Flaherty, KR, Travis, WD, Colby, TV, et al. Histopathologic variability in usual and nonspecific interstitial pneumonias. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2001;164:1722–7.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Gruden, JF, Panse, PM, Leslie, KO, Tazelaar, HD, Colby, TV. UIP diagnosed at surgical lung biopsy, 2000–2009: HRCT patterns and proposed classification system. AJR Am J Roentgenol 2013;200:W458–67.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Katzenstein, AA, Mukhopadhyay, S, Myers, JL. Diagnosis of usual interstitial pneumonia and distinction from other fibrosing interstitial lung diseases. Hum Pathol 2008;39:1275–94.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Katzenstein, AA, Myers, JL, Prophet, WD, Corley, LS III, Shin, MS. Bronchiolitis obliterans organizing pneumonia and usual interstitial pneumonia. A comparative clinicopathologic study. Am J Surg Pathol 1986;10:373–81.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Katzenstein, AA, Zisman, DA, Litzky, LA, Nguyen, BT, Kotloff, RM. Usual interstitial pneumonia: Histologic study of biopsy and explant specimens. Am J Surg Pathol 2002;261:1567–77.Google Scholar
Nadrous, HF, Myers, JL, Decker, PA, Ryu, JH. Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis in patients younger than 50 years. Mayo Clin Proc 2005;80:37–40.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Park, JH, Kim, DS, Park, IN, et al. Prognosis of fibrotic interstitial pneumonia: idiopathic versus collagen vascular disease-related subtypes. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2007;175:705–11.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Sverzellati, N, Wells, AU, Tomassetti, S, et al. Biopsy-proved idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis: spectrum of non-diagnostic thin-section CT diagnoses. Radiology 2010;254;957–64.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Secondary Sources

American Thoracic Society; European Respiratory Society. American Thoracic Society/European Respiratory Society international multidisciplinary consensus classification of the idiopathic interstitial pneumonias. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2002;165:277–304.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bulmer, SR, Lamb, D, McCormack, RGM, Walbaum, PR. Aetiology of unresolved pneumonia. Thorax 1978;33:307–14.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Cordier, JF. Cryptogenic organizing pneumonia. Eur Respir J 2006;28:422–46.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Epler, GR, Colby, TV, McLoud, TC, Carrington, CB, Gaensler, EA. Bronchiolitis obliterans organizing pneumonia. N Engl J Med 1985;312:152–8.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Godoy, MCB, Viswanathan, C, Marchiori, E, et al. The reversed halo sign: update and differential diagnosis. Br J Radiol 2012;85:1226–35.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Johkoh, T, Müller, NL, Cartier, Y, et al. Idiopathic interstitial pneumonia: diagnostic accuracy of thin-section CT in 129 patients. Radiology 1999;211:555–60.Google ScholarPubMed
Katzenstein, AA, Mukhopadhyay, S, Myers, JL. Diagnosis of usual interstitial pneumonia and distinction from other fibrosing interstitial lung diseases. Hum Pathol 2008;39:1275–94.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Katzenstein, AA, Myers, JL, Prophet, WD, Corley, LS III, Shin, MS. Bronchiolitis obliterans organizing pneumonia and usual interstitial pneumonia. A comparative clinicopathologic study. Am J Surg Pathol 1986;10:373–81.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Mukhopadhyay, S, Katzenstein, AL. Pulmonary disease due to aspiration of food and other particulate matter: a clinicopathologic study of 59 cases diagnosed on biopsy or resection specimens. Am J Surg Pathol 2007;31:752–9.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Myers, JL, Katzenstein, AL. Ultrastructural evidence of alveolar epithelial injury in idiopathic bronchiolitis obliterans-organizing pneumonia. Am J Pathol 1988;132:102–9.Google ScholarPubMed
Askin, FB, Katzenstein, AL. Pneumocystis infection masquerading as diffuse alveolar damage: a potential source of diagnostic error. Chest 1981;79:420–2.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
de Hemptinne, Q, Remmelink, M, Brimioulle, S, Salmon, I, Vincent, JL. ARDS: a clinicopathological confrontation. Chest 2009;135:944–9.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Katzenstein, AL, Myers, JL, Mazur, MT. Acute interstitial pneumonia. A clinicopathologic, ultrastructural, and cell kinetic study. Am J Surg Pathol 1986;10:256–67.Google ScholarPubMed
Mukhopadhyay, S, Parambil, JG. Acute interstitial pneumonia (AIP): relationship to Hamman-Rich syndrome, diffuse alveolar damage (DAD) and acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). Semin Respir Crit Care Med 2012;33:476–85.Google ScholarPubMed
Parambil, JG, Myers, JL, Ryu, JH. Diffuse alveolar damage: uncommon manifestation of pulmonary involvement in patients with connective tissue diseases. Chest 2006;130:553–8.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Parambil, JG, Myers, JL, Aubry, MC, Ryu, JH. Causes and prognosis of diffuse alveolar damage diagnosed on surgical lung biopsy. Chest 2007;132:50–7.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Patel, SR, Kampaliotis, D, Ayas, NT, et al. The role of open-lung biopsy in ARDS. Chest 2004;125:197–202.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Schwarz, MI, Albert, RK. “Imitators” of the ARDS. Implications for diagnosis and treatment. Chest 2004;125:1530–5.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Yousem, SA, Gibson, K, Kaminski, N, Oddis, CV, Ascherman, DP. The pulmonary histopathologic manifestations of the anti-Jo-1 tRNA synthetase syndrome. Mod Pathol 2010;23:874–80.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Yousem, SA, Faber, C. Histopathology of aspiration pneumonia not associated with food or other particulate matter: a clinicopathologic study of 10 cases diagnosed on biopsy. Am J Surg Pathol 2011;35:426–31.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Delobbe, A, Durieu, J, Duhamel, A, et al. Determinants of survival in pulmonary Langerhans’ cell granulomatosis (histiocytosis X). Eur Respir J 1996;9:2002–6.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Friedman, PJ, Liebow, AA, Sokoloff, J. Eosinophilic granuloma of lung. Clinical aspects of primary pulmonary histiocytosis in the adult. Medicine (Baltimore) 1981;60:385–96.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Kambouchner, M, Basset, F, Marchal, J, Uhl, JF, Hance, AJ, Soler, P. Three-dimensional characterization of pathologic lesions in pulmonary Langerhans cell histiocytosis. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2002;166:1483–90.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Mukhopadhyay, S, Eckardt, S, Scalzetti, EM. Diagnosis of pulmonary Langerhans cell histiocytosis by CT-guided core biopsy of lung: a report of 3 cases. Thorax 2010;65:833–5.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Roden, AC, Hu, X, Kip, S, et al. BRAF V600E expression in Langerhans cell histiocytosis. Clinical and immunohistochemical study on 25 pulmonary and 54 extrapulmonary cases. Am J Surg Pathol 2014;38:548–51.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Tazi, A, de Margerie, C, Naccache, JM, et al. The natural history of adult pulmonary Langerhans cell histiocytosis. Orphanet J Rare Dis 2015;10:30 Epub ahead of print.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Travis, WD, Borok, Z, Roum, JH, et al. Pulmonary Langerhans cell granulomatosis (Histiocytosis X). A clinicopathologic study of 48 cases. Am J Surg Pathol 1993;17:971–86.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Vassallo, R, Jensen, EA, Colby, TV, et al. The overlap between respiratory bronchiolitis and desquamative interstitial pneumonia in pulmonary Langerhans cell histiocytosis: high-resolution CT, histologic, and functional correlations. Chest 2003;124:1199–205.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Vassallo, R, Ryu, JH, Schroeder, DR, et al. Clinical outcomes of pulmonary Langerhans’-cell histiocytosis in adults. N Engl J Med 2002;346:484–90.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Yousem, SA, Dacic, S, Nikiforov, YE, Nikiforova, M. Pulmonary Langerhans cell histiocytosis: profiling of multifocal tumors using next-generation sequencing identifies concordant occurrence of BRAF V600E mutations. Chest 2013;143:1679–84.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Auerbach, O, Garfinkel, L, Hammond, EC. Relation of smoking and age to findings in lung parenchyma: A microscopic study. Chest 1974;65:29–35.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Hogg, J, Wright, J, Wiggs, B, et al. Lung structure and function in cigarette smokers. Thorax 1994;49:473–8.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Katzenstein, AL, Mukhopadhyay, S, Zanardi, C, Dexter, EE. Clinically occult interstitial fibrosis in smokers: classification and significance of a surprisingly common finding in lobectomy specimens. Hum Pathol 2010;41:316–25.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Katzenstein, AL. Smoking-related interstitial fibrosis (SRIF), pathogenesis and treatment of usual interstitial pneumonia (UIP), and transbronchial biopsy in UIP. Mod Pathol 2012;25:S68–78.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Katzenstein, AL. Smoking-related interstitial fibrosis (SRIF): pathologic findings and distinction from other chronic fibrosing lung diseases. J Clin Pathol 2013;66:882–7.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Kawabata, Y, Hoshi, E, Murai, K, et al. Smoking-related changes in the background lung of specimens resected for lung cancer: a semiquantitative study with correlation to postoperative course. Histopathology 2008;53:707–14.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Lederer, DJ, Enright, PL, Kawut, SM, et al. Cigarette smoking is associated with subclinical parenchymal lung disease. The multi-ethnic study of atherosclerosis (MESA)-lung study. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2009;180:407–14.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Primiani, A, Dias-Santagata, D, Iafrate, AJ, Kradin, RL. Pulmonary adenocarcinoma mutation profile in smokers with smoking-related interstitial fibrosis. Int J COPD 2014;9:525–31.Google ScholarPubMed
Snider, G, Kleinerman, J, Thurlbeck, W, Bengali, Z. The definition of emphysema. Report of a national heart, lung and blood institute, division of lung diseases workshop. Am Rev Respir Dis 1985;132:182–5.Google Scholar
Yousem, SA. Respiratory bronchiolitis-associated interstitial lung disease with fibrosis is a lesion distinct from fibrotic nonspecific interstitial pneumonia: a proposal. Mod Pathol 2006;19:1474–9.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Barrios, RJ. Hypersensitivity pneumonitis: histopathology. Arch Pathol Lab Med 2008;132:199–203.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Coleman, A, Colby, TV. Histologic diagnosis of extrinsic allergic alveolitis. Am J Surg Pathol 1988;12:514–18.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Emanuel, DA, Wenzel, FJ, Bowerman, CI, Lawton, BR. Farmer’s lung: clinical, pathologic and immunologic study of twenty-four patients. Am J Med 1964;37:392–401.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Hirschmann, JV, Pipavath, SN, Godwin, JD. Hypersensitivity pneumonitis: a historical, clinical, and radiologic review. Radiographics 2009;29:1921–38.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Katzenstein, AL, Mukhopadhyay, S, Myers, JL. Diagnosis of usual interstitial pneumonia and distinction from other fibrosing interstitial lung diseases. Hum Pathol 2008;39:1275–94.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Metersky, ML, Bean, SB, Meyer, JD, et al. Classification of hypersensitivity pneumonitis: a hypothesis. Int Arch Allergy Immunol 2009;149:161–6.Google Scholar
Morell, F, Roger, A, Reyes, L, Cruz, MJ, Murio, C, Muñoz, X. Bird fancier’s lung: a series of 86 patients. Medicine (Baltimore) 2008;87:110–30.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Mukhopadhyay, S, Gal, AA. Granulomatous lung disease: an approach to the differential diagnosis. Arch Pathol Lab Med 2010;134:667–90.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Mukhopadhyay, S. Pathology of hypersensitivity pneumonitis. Medscape Reference. Updated March 31, 2015. Available at: http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/2078434-overview.Google Scholar
Reyes, CN, Wenzel, FJ, Lawton, BR, Emanuel, DA. The pulmonary pathology of farmer’s lung disease. Chest 1982;81:142–6.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
American Thoracic Society; European Respiratory Society. American Thoracic Society/European Respiratory Society international multidisciplinary consensus classification of the idiopathic interstitial pneumonias. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2002;165:277–304.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bjoraker, JA, Ryu, JH, Edwin, MK, et al. Prognostic significance of histopathologic subsets in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 1998;157:199–203.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Flaherty, KR, Toews, GB, Travis, WD, et al. Clinical significance of histological classification of idiopathic interstitial pneumonia. Eur Respir J 2002;19:275–83.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Flaherty, KR, Travis, WD, Colby, TV, et al. Histopathologic variability in usual and nonspecific interstitial pneumonias. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2001;164:1722–27.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Katzenstein, AL, Fiorelli, RF. Nonspecific interstitial pneumonia/fibrosis. Am J Surg Pathol 1994;18:136–47.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Katzenstein, AA, Mukhopadhyay, S, Myers, JL. Diagnosis of usual interstitial pneumonia and distinction from other fibrosing interstitial lung diseases. Hum Pathol 2008;39:1275–94.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Katzenstein, AA, Zisman, DA, Litzky, LA, Nguyen, BT, Kotloff, RM. Usual interstitial pneumonia: Histologic study of biopsy and explant specimens. Am J Surg Pathol 2002;261:1567–77.Google Scholar
Nunes, H, Schubel, K, Piver, D, et al. Nonspecific interstitial pneumonia: survival is influenced by the underlying cause. Eur Respir J 2015;45:746–55.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Schneider, F, Hwang, DM, Gibson, K, Yousem, SA. Nonspecific interstitial pneumonia: a study of 6 patients with progressive disease. Am J Surg Pathol 2012;36:89–93.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Travis, WD, Matsui, K, Moss, J, Ferrans, VJ. Idiopathic nonspecific interstitial pneumonia: prognostic significance of cellular and fibrosing patterns. Survival comparison with usual interstitial pneumonia and desquamative interstitial pneumonia. Am J Surg Pathol 2000;24:19–33.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
American Thoracic Society; European Respiratory Society. American Thoracic Society/European Respiratory Society international multidisciplinary consensus classification of the idiopathic interstitial pneumonias. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2002;165:277–304.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bouros, D, Wells, AU, Nicholson, AG, et al. Histopathologic subsets of fibrosing alveolitis in patients with systemic sclerosis and their relationship to outcome. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2002;165:1581–6.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Douglas, WW, Tazelaar, HD, Hartman, TE, et al. Polymyositis-dermatomyositis-associated interstitial lung disease. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2001;164:1182–5.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Katzenstein, AA, Mukhopadhyay, S, Myers, JL. Diagnosis of usual interstitial pneumonia and distinction from other fibrosing interstitial lung diseases. Hum Pathol 2008;39:1275–94.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Kim, EJ, Elicker, BM, Maldonado, F, et al. Usual interstitial pneumonia in rheumatoid arthritis-associated interstitial lung disease. Eur Respir J 2010;35:1322–28.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Nunes, H, Schubel, K, Piver, D, et al. Nonspecific interstitial pneumonia: survival is influenced by the underlying cause. Eur Respir J 2015;45:746–55.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Parambil, JG, Myers, JL, Lindell, RM, Matteson, EL, Ryu, JH. Interstitial lung disease in primary Sjögren syndrome. Chest 2006;130:1489–95.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Park, JH, Kim, DS, Park, IN, et al. Prognosis of fibrotic interstitial pneumonia: idiopathic versus collagen vascular disease-related subtypes. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2007;175:705–11.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Song, JW, Do, KH, Kim, MY, Jang, SJ, Colby, TV, Kim, DS. Pathologic and radiologic differences between idiopathic and collagen vascular disease-related usual interstitial pneumonia. Chest 2009;136:23–30.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Strange, C, Highland, KB. Interstitial lung disease in the patient who has connective tissue disease. Clin Chest Med 2004;25:549–59.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Camus, P, Kudoh, S, Ebina, M. Interstitial lung disease associated with drug therapy. Br J Cancer 2004;91(Suppl 2):S18–23.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Hayes, D Jr, Anstead, MI, Kuhn, RJ. Eosinophilic pneumonia induced by daptomycin. J Infect 2007;54:e211–3.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Imokawa, S, Colby, TV, Leslie, KO, Helmers, RA. Methotrexate pneumonitis: review of the literature and histopathological findings in nine patients. Eur Respir J 2000;15:373–81.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Kennedy, JI, Myers, JL, Plumb, VJ, Fulmer, JD. Amiodarone pulmonary toxicity. Clinical, radiologic, and pathologic correlations. Arch Intern Med 1987;147:50–5.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Lal, Y, Assimacopoulos, AP. Two cases of daptomycin-induced eosinophilic pneumonia and chronic pneumonitis. Clin Infect Dis 2010;50:737–40.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Larsen, BT, Vaszar, LT, Colby, TV, Tazelaar, HD. Lymphoid hyperplasia and eosinophilic pneumonia as histologic manifestations of amiodarone-induced lung toxicity. Am J Surg Pathol 2012;36:509–16.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Leduc, D, De Vuyst, P, Lhereux, P, Gevenois, PA, Jacobovitz, D, Yernault, JC. Pneumonitis complicating low-dose methotrexate therapy for rheumatoid arthritis. Discrepancies between lung biopsy and bronchoalveolar lavage findings. Chest 1993;104:1620–3.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Magee, F, Wright, JL, Chan, N, et al. Two unusual pathological reactions to nitrofurantoin: case reports. Histopathology 1986;10:701–6.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Rossi, SE, Erasmus, JJ, McAdams, HP, Sporn, TA, Goodman, PC. Pulmonary drug toxicity: radiologic and pathologic manifestations. RadioGraphics 2000;20:1245–59.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Mendez, JL, Nadrous, HF, Hartman, TE, Ryu, JH. Chronic nitrofurantoin-induced lung disease. Mayo Clin Proc 2005;80:1298–1302.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Becker, CD, Gil, J, Padilla, ML. Idiopathic pleuroparenchymal fibroelastosis: an unrecognized or misdiagnosed entity? Mod Pathol 2008;21:784–7.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Cottin, V, Cordier, JF. Interstitial pulmonary amyloidosis. Respiration 2008;75:210.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Davison, AG, Haslam, PL, Corrin, B, et al. Interstitial lung disease and asthma in hard-metal workers: bronchoalveolar lavage, ultrastructural, and analytic findings and results of bronchial provocation tests. Thorax 1983;38:119–28.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Frankel, SK, Cool, CD, Lynch, DA, Brown, KK. Idiopathic pleuroparenchymal fibroelastosis: description of a novel clinicopathologic entity. Chest 2004;126:2007–13.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Hui, AN, Koss, MN, Hochholzer, L, Wehunt, WD. Amyloidosis presenting in the lower respiratory tract. Clinicopathologic, radiologic, immunohistochemical and histochemical studies on 48 cases. Arch Pathol Lab Med 1986;110:212–8.Google ScholarPubMed
Koss, MN, Hochholzer, L, Langloss, JM, Wehunt, WD, Lazarus, AA. Lymphoid interstitial pneumonia: clinicopathological and immunopathological findings in 18 cases. Pathology 1987;19:178–85.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Naqvi, AH, Hunt, A, Burnett, BR, Abraham, JL. Pathologic spectrum and lung dust burden in giant cell interstitial pneumonia (hard metal lung disease/cobalt pneumonitis): review of 100 cases. Arch Environ Occup Health 2008;63:51–70.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Ohori, NP, Sciurba, FC, Owens, GR, Hodgson, MJ, Yousem, SA. Giant-cell interstitial pneumonia and hard-metal pneumoconiosis. A clinicopathologic study of four cases and review of the literature. Am J Surg Pathol 1989;13:581–7.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Smith, RRL, Hutchins, GM, Moore, GW, Humphrey, RL. Type and distribution of pulmonary parenchymal and vascular amyloid. Correlation with cardiac amyloidosis. Am J Med 1979;66:96–104.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Swigris, JJ, Berry, GJ, Raffin, TA, Kuschner, WG. Lymphoid interstitial pneumonia: a narrative review. Chest 2002;122:2150–64.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Save book to Kindle

To save this book to your Kindle, first ensure coreplatform@cambridge.org is added to your Approved Personal Document E-mail List under your Personal Document Settings on the Manage Your Content and Devices page of your Amazon account. Then enter the ‘name’ part of your Kindle email address below. Find out more about saving to your Kindle.

Note you can select to save to either the @free.kindle.com or @kindle.com variations. ‘@free.kindle.com’ emails are free but can only be saved to your device when it is connected to wi-fi. ‘@kindle.com’ emails can be delivered even when you are not connected to wi-fi, but note that service fees apply.

Find out more about the Kindle Personal Document Service.

Available formats
×

Save book to Dropbox

To save content items to your account, please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. Find out more about saving content to Dropbox.

Available formats
×

Save book to Google Drive

To save content items to your account, please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. Find out more about saving content to Google Drive.

Available formats
×