Skip to main content Accessibility help
×
Hostname: page-component-7479d7b7d-c9gpj Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-07-13T18:38:25.612Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

1 - How Do We Talk about Human Rights?

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  05 September 2014

Michael Boylan
Affiliation:
Marymount University, Virginia
Get access

Summary

Open the newspaper: how many times do you see the word “right” or “human right”? I tried this recently and found the word used in many different contexts from talking about politics and policy, to the activities of large corporations, to popular uprisings in the Middle East, to dissidents in China, to welfare economics, to affirmative action, to corporations as people, and even to youth sports uniforms: this in just one daily paper.

Common Usage

Clearly we use the terms right, rights, human rights, and natural human rights in many different ways. One touchstone on English linguistic usage is the Oxford English Dictionary that cites the usage of a word historically. When we look at the word “right” we find the same divergence that we saw in the newspaper:

  1. A standard of conduct

  2. A duty

  3. To which is consonant with justice and goodness or reason – something morally or socially correct, just or honorable

  4. Equitable treatment

  5. The cause of that which is fair or morally correct

  6. A judicial decision

  7. Legal entitlement or justifiable claim (on legal or moral grounds)

  8. An entitlement considered to arise through natural justice

  9. Something that a person may properly claim

  10. Political, civil, or liberties

  11. Miscellaneous usages: map making, the Christian Service (rite), shoes, hunting, etc.

Type
Chapter
Information
Natural Human Rights
A Theory
, pp. 9 - 29
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Print publication year: 2014

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Oxford English Dictionary, ed. Murray, James, et al. (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1971)
Hohfeld, Wesley, Fundamental Legal Conceptions (New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 1919): 36
Boylan, Michael, A Just Society (Lanham, MD: Rowman and Littlefleld, 2004): 11–12
Yoon, Kaesuk, Naming Nature (New York: Norton, 2009)
Wilson, Judith, Discovering Species (New York: Columbia University Press, 1999)
Hull, N. E. H., The Woman Who Dared to Vote: The Trial of Susan B. Anthony (Topeka: University Press of Kansas, 2012)
Ross-Nazzal, Jennifer M., Winning the West for Women: The Life of Suffragist Emma Smith DeVoe (Seattle: University of Washington Press, 2011)
Fletcher, Holly Berkeley, Gender and the American Temperance Movement of the Nineteenth Century (London: Routledge, 2007)
Austin, John, The Province of Jurisprudence Determined, 5th ed. vol. 2, ed. Campbell, Robert (London: John Murray, 1885)
Bentham, Jeremy, “Nonsense on Stilts,” in Jeremy Bentham: Rights, Representation and Reform, in The Collected Works of Jeremy Bentham, ed. Schofield, P., Pease-Watkin, C., and Blamires, C. (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 2003)
Cantor, Chris and Price, John, “Traumatic Entrapment, Appeasement, and Complex Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder,Australian and New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry 41.5 (2007): 377–384,Google Scholar
Rhodes, Sinéad and Jones, Fiona, “Captivating Interest in Survival,Psychologist 22.12 (2009): 1008–1009Google Scholar
Under the Rule of Thumb: Battered Women and the Administration of Justice, 2 vols. (Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Library, 1982)
Berlin, Isaiah, Four Essays on Liberty (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1969)
Christofides, Emily, Muise, Amy, and Serge, Desmarais, “Information, Disclosure and Control and Facebook,Cyberpsychology and Behavior 12.3 (2009): 341–345Google Scholar
Peppet, S. R., “Unraveling Privacy: The Personal Prospectus and the Threat of a Full Disclosure Future,Northwestern Law Review 105.3 (2011): 1153–1204Google Scholar
Thavavel, V. and Sivakumar, S., “A Generalized Framework of Privacy Preservation in Distributed Data Mining for Unstructured Data Environment,International Journal of Computer Science 9.1 (2012): 434–441Google Scholar
Sandel, Michael, Justice: What Is the Right Thing to Do? (New York: Farrar, Straus and Giroux, 2009): 3–5
O’Neill, Onora, Towards Justice and Virtue (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1991)
Pask, Colin, Magnificent Principia: Exloring Isaac Newton’s Masterpiece (Amherst, NY: Prometheus, 2013)
Audi, Robert, Epistemology: A Contemporary Introduction to the Theory of Knowledge (New York: Routledge, 2011)
Mulder, Henk L. (Dordrecht: Kluwer, 1979): 259–284
Bridgman, Percy, “The Operational Character of Scientific Concepts,” in The Logic of Modern Physics (London: Macmillan, 1955): 1–32
Carnap, Rudolf, “Empiricism, Semantics, and Ontology,” in Meaning and Necessity, enlarged edition (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1956): 205–221
Popper, Karl, The Logic of Scientific Discovery (London: Unwin Hyman, 1987 [1959]): 133–161
Putnam, Hilary, “The ‘Corroboration’ of Theories” from The Library of Living Philosophers, vol. 14: The Philosophy of Karl Popper, ed. Schilpp, Paul A. (LaSalle, IL: Open Court, 1974): 221–240
Kuhn, Thomas, The Structure of Scientific Revolutions, 2nd ed. (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1962): 92–110
Fraasen, Bas van, “To Save the Phenomena,Journal of Philosophy 73.18 (1976): 623–632Google Scholar
Boyd, Richard, “On the Current Status of Scientific Realism,Erkenntnis 19 (1983): 45–90Google Scholar
Fine, Arthur, “The Natural Ontological Attitude,” in Scientific Realism, ed. Leplin, L. (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1984): 83–107
McGrew, Timothy, “Confirmation, Heuristics, and Explanatory Reasoning,British Journal for the Philosophy of Science 54.4 (2003): 553–567Google Scholar
Snyder, Laura, “Confirmation for a Modest Realism,Philosophy of Science 72.5 (2005): 839–849Google Scholar
Dogan, Aysel, “Confirmation of Scientific Hypotheses as Relations,Journal for General Philosophy of Science 36.2 (2005): 243–259Google Scholar
Lasee, John, Theories on the Scrap Heap: Scientists and Philosophers on the Falsification, Rejection, and Replacement of Theories (Pittsburgh: University of Pittsburgh Press, 2005)
Hennig, Christian, “Falsification of Propensity Models by Statistical Tests and Goodness-of-Fit Paradox,Philosophia Mathematica 15.2 (2007): 1666–1692Google Scholar
Nickelsen, Kãrin and Graß0hoff, Gerd, “In Pursuit of Formaldehyde: Causally Explanatory Models and Falsification,Studies in History and Philosophy of Biological and Biomedical Science 42.3 (2011): 297–305Google Scholar
Waldron, Jeremy, ed., Theories of Rights (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1984): 93
Boylan, Michael, “The Moral Right to Healthcare – Part Two,” in Medical Ethics, 2nd ed., ed. Boylan, Michael (Malden, MA: Blackwell, 2013)
Hart, H. L. A., “Are There Any Natural Rights?Philosophical Review 64 (1955): 176–177Google Scholar
Austin, John, Lectures on Jurisprudence, 5th ed., ed. Campbell, Robert (London: John Murray, 1883)
Singer, Beth and Held, Virginia in Gewirth: Critical Essays on Action, Rationality and Community, ed. Boylan, Michael (New York: Roman and Littlefield, 1999): 13–28
de Vivo, Filippo, Information and Communication in Venice: Rethinking Early Modern Politics (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2009)
Habermas, Jurgen, On Pragmatics of Communication (Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 2000)
Hummer, Hans J., Politics and Power in Early Medieval Europe: Alsace and the Frankish Realm, 600–1000 (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2009)
Nuttall, Jenni, The Creation of Lancastrian Kingship: Literature, Language, and Politics in Late Medieval England (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2011)
Diamond, Jared, Guns, Germs, and Steel: The Fates of Human Societies (New York: Norton, 2005)
“When Is Ignorance Morally Objectionable?” in The Morality and Global Justice Reader, ed. Boylan, Michael (Boulder, CO: Westview, 2011): 51–64
O’Neill, Onora, Towards Justice and Virtue (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1991)
Welfare Rights (Totowa, NJ: Rowman and Allanheld, 1982): 181
Tasioulas, John, “The Moral Reality of Human Rights,” in Freedom from Poverty as a Human Right: Who Owes the Very Poor? ed. Pogge, Thomas (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2007)
Griffin, James, On Human Rights (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2008): 101–110
Aristotle, , Ethica Nicomachea, ed. Bywater, I. (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1920)
Boylan, Michael, Basic Ethics, 2nd ed. (Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall, 2009)
Boylan, Michael, Morality and Global Justice: Justifications and Applications (Boulder, CO: Westview, 2011)

Save book to Kindle

To save this book to your Kindle, first ensure coreplatform@cambridge.org is added to your Approved Personal Document E-mail List under your Personal Document Settings on the Manage Your Content and Devices page of your Amazon account. Then enter the ‘name’ part of your Kindle email address below. Find out more about saving to your Kindle.

Note you can select to save to either the @free.kindle.com or @kindle.com variations. ‘@free.kindle.com’ emails are free but can only be saved to your device when it is connected to wi-fi. ‘@kindle.com’ emails can be delivered even when you are not connected to wi-fi, but note that service fees apply.

Find out more about the Kindle Personal Document Service.

Available formats
×

Save book to Dropbox

To save content items to your account, please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. Find out more about saving content to Dropbox.

Available formats
×

Save book to Google Drive

To save content items to your account, please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. Find out more about saving content to Google Drive.

Available formats
×