Book contents
- Frontmatter
- Contents
- Preface
- Acknowledgments
- List of abbreviations
- 1 Bringing muscles into focus; the first two millennia
- 2 Muscle metabolism after the Chemical Revolution; lactic acid takes the stage
- 3 The relationship between mechanical events, heat production and metabolism; studies between 1840 and 1930
- 4 The influence of brewing science on the study of muscle glycolysis; adenylic acid and the ammonia controversy
- 5 The discovery of phosphagen and adenosinetriphosphate; contraction without lactic acid
- 6 Adenosinetriphosphate as fuel and as phosphate-carrier
- 7 Early studies of muscle structure and theories of contraction, 1870–1939
- 8 Interaction of actomyosin and ATP
- 9 Some theories of contraction mechanism, 1939 to 1956
- 10 On myosin, actin and tropomyosin
- 11 The sliding mechanism
- 12 How does the sliding mechanism work?
- 13 Excitation, excitation-contraction coupling and relaxation
- 14 Happenings in intact muscle: the challenge of adenosinetriphosphate breakdown
- 15 Rigor and the chemical changes responsible for its onset
- 16 Respiration
- 17 Oxidative phosphorylation
- 18 The regulation of carbohydrate metabolism for energy supply to the muscle machine
- 19 A comparative study of the striated muscle of vertebrates
- 20 Enzymic and other effects of denervation, cross-innervation and repeated stimulation
- 21 Some aspects of muscle disease
- 22 Contraction in muscles of invertebrates
- 23 Vertebrate smooth muscle
- 24 Energy provision and contractile proteins in non-muscular functions
- The perspective surveyed
- References
- Author index
- Subject index
6 - Adenosinetriphosphate as fuel and as phosphate-carrier
Published online by Cambridge University Press: 04 August 2010
- Frontmatter
- Contents
- Preface
- Acknowledgments
- List of abbreviations
- 1 Bringing muscles into focus; the first two millennia
- 2 Muscle metabolism after the Chemical Revolution; lactic acid takes the stage
- 3 The relationship between mechanical events, heat production and metabolism; studies between 1840 and 1930
- 4 The influence of brewing science on the study of muscle glycolysis; adenylic acid and the ammonia controversy
- 5 The discovery of phosphagen and adenosinetriphosphate; contraction without lactic acid
- 6 Adenosinetriphosphate as fuel and as phosphate-carrier
- 7 Early studies of muscle structure and theories of contraction, 1870–1939
- 8 Interaction of actomyosin and ATP
- 9 Some theories of contraction mechanism, 1939 to 1956
- 10 On myosin, actin and tropomyosin
- 11 The sliding mechanism
- 12 How does the sliding mechanism work?
- 13 Excitation, excitation-contraction coupling and relaxation
- 14 Happenings in intact muscle: the challenge of adenosinetriphosphate breakdown
- 15 Rigor and the chemical changes responsible for its onset
- 16 Respiration
- 17 Oxidative phosphorylation
- 18 The regulation of carbohydrate metabolism for energy supply to the muscle machine
- 19 A comparative study of the striated muscle of vertebrates
- 20 Enzymic and other effects of denervation, cross-innervation and repeated stimulation
- 21 Some aspects of muscle disease
- 22 Contraction in muscles of invertebrates
- 23 Vertebrate smooth muscle
- 24 Energy provision and contractile proteins in non-muscular functions
- The perspective surveyed
- References
- Author index
- Subject index
Summary
THE CO-ENZYME FUNCTION OF ATP
In 1931 Meyerhof, Lohmann & Meyer (1) published their first observations on the co-enzyme function of ATP in the glycolytic system of muscle. Muscle kochsaft was prepared from extract which had been allowed to autolyse for 1 h at 37° before being boiled; such a kochsaft was incapable of restoring activity to a muscle extract which had lost its glycolytic power after many hours dialysis. Replacement of only a small part of this autolysed kochsaft with kochsaft prepared from fresh extract led to considerable lactic acid formation, though this small quantity had little effect alone. This suggested that the co-ferment system was made up of an autolysable part and a non-autolysable part. Earlier experiments of K. Meyer (1) had suggested that easily hydrolysable phosphate esters with insoluble barium salts were concerned in the co-enzyme activity, and the autolysable, easily hydrolysed component was now identified as ATP. Lohmann (8) showed a little later than the stable component was Mg. With purified ATP he confirmed Meyerhof's earlier finding with kochsaft that more was needed by the system the less the substrate was phosphorylated. The same was true for Mg.
The important implications of these observations became clearer with the experiments of Meyerhof & Lohmann in 1932 (9). It was already known that phosphocreatine synthesis could take place in muscle extracts in circumstances such that lactic acid formation could not supply more than a fraction of the necessary energy.
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- Machina CarnisThe Biochemistry of Muscular Contraction in its Historical Development, pp. 98 - 126Publisher: Cambridge University PressPrint publication year: 1971