Book contents
- Frontmatter
- Contents
- Preface
- About the editor
- List of contributors
- 1 Introduction
- 2 The art and science of large-scale disasters
- 3 Multiscale modeling for large-scale disaster applications
- 4 Addressing the root causes of large-scale disasters
- 5 Issues in disaster relief logistics
- 6 Large-scale disasters: perspectives on medical response
- 7 Augmentation of health care capacity in large-scale disasters
- 8 Energy, climate change, and how to avoid a manmade disaster
- 9 Seawater agriculture for energy, warming, food, land, and water
- 10 Natural and anthropogenic aerosol-related hazards affecting megacities
- 11 Tsunamis: manifestation and aftermath
- 12 Intermediate-scale dynamics of the upper troposphere and stratosphere
- 13 Coupled weather–chemistry modeling
- 14 Seasonal-to-decadal prediction using climate models: successes and challenges
- 15 Climate change and related disasters
- 16 Impact of climate change on precipitation
- 17 Weather-related disasters in arid lands
- 18 The first hundred years of numerical weather prediction
- 19 Fundamental issues in numerical weather prediction
- 20 Space measurements for disaster response: the International Charter
- 21 Weather satellite measurements: their use for prediction
- Epilogue
- Index
13 - Coupled weather–chemistry modeling
Published online by Cambridge University Press: 20 October 2009
- Frontmatter
- Contents
- Preface
- About the editor
- List of contributors
- 1 Introduction
- 2 The art and science of large-scale disasters
- 3 Multiscale modeling for large-scale disaster applications
- 4 Addressing the root causes of large-scale disasters
- 5 Issues in disaster relief logistics
- 6 Large-scale disasters: perspectives on medical response
- 7 Augmentation of health care capacity in large-scale disasters
- 8 Energy, climate change, and how to avoid a manmade disaster
- 9 Seawater agriculture for energy, warming, food, land, and water
- 10 Natural and anthropogenic aerosol-related hazards affecting megacities
- 11 Tsunamis: manifestation and aftermath
- 12 Intermediate-scale dynamics of the upper troposphere and stratosphere
- 13 Coupled weather–chemistry modeling
- 14 Seasonal-to-decadal prediction using climate models: successes and challenges
- 15 Climate change and related disasters
- 16 Impact of climate change on precipitation
- 17 Weather-related disasters in arid lands
- 18 The first hundred years of numerical weather prediction
- 19 Fundamental issues in numerical weather prediction
- 20 Space measurements for disaster response: the International Charter
- 21 Weather satellite measurements: their use for prediction
- Epilogue
- Index
Summary
In the past, much of the development for the simulation of different Earth system components such as weather and air chemistry has occurred independently. As a result, most atmospheric predictive models treat chemistry and meteorology decoupled from each other. Yet accurate forecasting of air quality and aerial transport of hazardous materials may depend strongly on interactions of chemistry and meteorology. This chapter describes state-of-the-art approaches that couple these two and allow feedback at each model timestep, both from meteorology to chemistry and from chemistry to meteorology. Dispersion forecasts and global climate change are described as two archetypal examples of coupled weather–chemistry systems.
Introduction
Many of the current environmental challenges in weather, climate, and air quality involve strongly coupled systems. It is well accepted that weather is of decisive importance for air quality or for the aerial transport of hazardous materials. It is also recognized that chemical species will influence the weather by changing the atmospheric radiation budget and through cloud formation. However, a fundamental assumption in traditional air quality modeling procedures is that it is possible to make accurate air quality forecasts (and simulations) even while ignoring much of the coupling between meteorological and chemical processes. This commonly used approach is termed “offline”. Here, we describe a modeling system―and some relevant applications―that represents an opportunity to include these coupled interactions.
- Type
- Chapter
- Information
- Large-Scale DisastersPrediction, Control, and Mitigation, pp. 302 - 317Publisher: Cambridge University PressPrint publication year: 2008
- 2
- Cited by