ABSTRACT

This chapter covers the broad scientific issues associated with water quality control in response to the various socio-economic activities within the humid tropics. The account will emphasize the dearth of rigorous scientific field studies and the associated problem of validation of water quality models in this climatic type. Consequently, a substantial part of the work will highlight research gaps and needs. Where possible, however, examples of water quality research will be highlighted, many of which relate to the experiences from ORSTOM projects. An underlying theme will be the linkages between water quality research and control and the institutional, social and economic aspects of water management. In addition, the various types of urban and rural pollution emanating from domestic and industrial sources will be described. Particular attention will be paid to the microbiological aspects because of their effects on human health.

INTRODUCTION

This chapter will review the broad scientific issues associated with water quality control in response to the various socio-economic activities within the humid tropics. In common with other themes of Section IV, the dearth of scientific field studies and the associated problem of validation of water quality models will be given strong emphasis. Consequently, the research gaps will be highlighted and some attention devoted to various methodologies that require further testing under humid tropical conditions.

Any consideration of water quality problems cannot be separated from the topic of water management. Therefore, the linkages between water quality control and institutional, social and economic aspects of water management will be an underlying theme throughout this chapter and will receive particular attention in the early stages of the work.