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34 - HSV-1 and 2: immunobiology and host response

from Part III - Pathogenesis, clinical disease, host response, and epidemiology: HSV-1 and HSV-2

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  24 December 2009

By
David M. Koelle
Edited by
Ann Arvin ,
Gabriella Campadelli-Fiume ,
Edward Mocarski ,
Patrick S. Moore ,
Bernard Roizman ,
Richard Whitley  and
Koichi Yamanishi
David M. Koelle
Affiliation:
Department of Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA
Ann Arvin
Affiliation:
Stanford University, California
Gabriella Campadelli-Fiume
Affiliation:
Università degli Studi, Bologna, Italy
Edward Mocarski
Affiliation:
Emory University, Atlanta
Patrick S. Moore
Affiliation:
University of Pittsburgh
Bernard Roizman
Affiliation:
University of Chicago
Richard Whitley
Affiliation:
University of Alabama, Birmingham
Koichi Yamanishi
Affiliation:
University of Osaka, Japan
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Summary

Introduction

Herpesviruses began to evolve prior to the development of acquired immunity (Arzul et al., 2002). It is therefore likely that evasion of innate immunity is an ancient function of alphaherpesviruses. Additional immune evasion functions have developed to adapt to the diverse repertoires of B- and T-cell immune receptors that characterize acquired immunity (Roizman and Pellet, 2001; Littman et al., 1999). Immune evasion is covered in detail elsewhere in this volume. The innate and acquired immune responses to HSV are relevant to preventative and therapeutic vaccines for HSV, HSV-induced immunopathology, and the use of modified HSV for gene or cancer therapy. While human studies are, of necessity, observational or ex vivo in nature and seldom access sites of neuronal latency, we review them in detail because of their medical relevance. The excellent tools available for murine studies, including exquisite control of the DNA sequence of HSV challenge strains, and of the phenotype and genotype of recipient animals, are yielding dramatic new insights as well. Reactivation of HSV from neuronal latency is less frequent in mice than in humans, limiting immunologic studies of this challenging phenomenon. Readers are referred to excellent reviews (Schmid and Rouse, 1992; Nash, 2000; Lopez et al., 1993, Simmons et al., 1992; Kohl,1992) for models and materials that cannot be covered in detail.

HSV interactions with dendritic cells

Dendritic cells (DC) are a major link between innate and acquired immunity. DC are mobile cells that can potently initiate acquired immunity.

Type
Chapter
Information
Human Herpesviruses
Biology, Therapy, and Immunoprophylaxis
 , pp. 616 - 641
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Print publication year: 2007

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