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69 - Herpes simplex vaccines

from Part VII - Vaccines and immunothgerapy

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  24 December 2009

By
George Kemble  and
Richard Spaete
Edited by
Ann Arvin ,
Gabriella Campadelli-Fiume ,
Edward Mocarski ,
Patrick S. Moore ,
Bernard Roizman ,
Richard Whitley  and
Koichi Yamanishi
George Kemble
Affiliation:
MedImmune Vaccines, Inc., Mountain View, CA, USA
Richard Spaete
Affiliation:
MedImmune Vaccines, Inc., Mountain View, CA, USA
Ann Arvin
Affiliation:
Stanford University, California
Gabriella Campadelli-Fiume
Affiliation:
Università degli Studi, Bologna, Italy
Edward Mocarski
Affiliation:
Emory University, Atlanta
Patrick S. Moore
Affiliation:
University of Pittsburgh
Bernard Roizman
Affiliation:
University of Chicago
Richard Whitley
Affiliation:
University of Alabama, Birmingham
Koichi Yamanishi
Affiliation:
University of Osaka, Japan
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Summary

Introduction

Genital herpes, caused by both herpes simplex virus (HSV) types 1 and 2, can result in painful vesicular and ulcerative lesions on the genitalia and the genital tract, and may cause both urologic and neurologic problems. Following primary infection, HSV establishes a latent infection in the local ganglia and can reactivate on multiple occasions with manifestations ranging from asymptomatic viral shedding to painful recurrences of genital or orofacial lesions (Whitley, 2001). HSV-2 is the predominant etiologic agent of genital herpes and data from the second and third National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys, spanning 1976 to 1994, demonstrated that the prevalence of HSV-2 infection increased by 30% since the late 1970's with the highest rates in teenagers and young adults (Fleming et al., 1997). It is estimated that more than 1.6 million individuals are infected annually with HSV-2 in the USA (Armstrong et al., 2001). From the perspective of vaccine development, however, genital herpes caused by HSV-1 cannot be overlooked. Although genital herpes caused by HSV-1 is generally less severe than HSV-2, HSV-1 is ubiquitous, infects a larger portion of the population than HSV-2, and the percentage of HSV-1 positive cultures isolated from individuals presenting with genital herpes appears to be increasing (Ribes et al., 2001).

In addition to the pain and potential complications (e.g. psychological distress), that genital herpes causes in the infected individual, it is also responsible for increasing the risk of sexual transmission of HIV (Holmberg et al., 1988).

Type
Chapter
Information
Human Herpesviruses
Biology, Therapy, and Immunoprophylaxis
 , pp. 1253 - 1261
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Print publication year: 2007

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