Book contents
- Frontmatter
- Contents
- BOOK XX WILLIAM III AND PARLIAMENT DURING THE WAR WITH FRANCE, 169O–1697
- BOOK XXI THE LATER YEARS OF WILLIAM III, 1697—1702
- INTRODUCTION
- CHAP. I Relations between France and England after the conclusion of Peace. The Partition treaties
- CHAP. II Parliamentary proceedings in the Session of 1697, 1698
- CHAP. III Reduction of the Army in the Session of 1698, 1699
- CHAP. IV Changes in Court and State. Resumption of the Irish Land-grants, 1699, 1700
- CHAP. V Affairs in Ireland, Scotland, and North America
- CHAP. VI Origin and conditions of the Hanoverian Succession
- CHAP. VII Change in European politics. The Session of 1701 in relation to this change
- CHAP. VIII Conflicts between Tories and Whigs. Negotiations with France in the spring and summer of 1701
- CHAP. IX Breach with France. The sixth Parliament of William III
- CHAP. X Constitutional opposition between Whigs and Tories. Death of King William III
- BOOK XXII REVIEW OF ENGLISH HISTORY TO THE YEAR 1760
- Frontmatter
- Contents
- BOOK XX WILLIAM III AND PARLIAMENT DURING THE WAR WITH FRANCE, 169O–1697
- BOOK XXI THE LATER YEARS OF WILLIAM III, 1697—1702
- INTRODUCTION
- CHAP. I Relations between France and England after the conclusion of Peace. The Partition treaties
- CHAP. II Parliamentary proceedings in the Session of 1697, 1698
- CHAP. III Reduction of the Army in the Session of 1698, 1699
- CHAP. IV Changes in Court and State. Resumption of the Irish Land-grants, 1699, 1700
- CHAP. V Affairs in Ireland, Scotland, and North America
- CHAP. VI Origin and conditions of the Hanoverian Succession
- CHAP. VII Change in European politics. The Session of 1701 in relation to this change
- CHAP. VIII Conflicts between Tories and Whigs. Negotiations with France in the spring and summer of 1701
- CHAP. IX Breach with France. The sixth Parliament of William III
- CHAP. X Constitutional opposition between Whigs and Tories. Death of King William III
- BOOK XXII REVIEW OF ENGLISH HISTORY TO THE YEAR 1760
Summary
We can, in a general way, draw a distinction between two different kinds of Treaties of Peace.
There are but few of them that for any length of time have modified the leading subjects of contention. Such have been in the sixteenth century the religious Peace of Augsburg, and the Treaty of Cateau-Cambresis between Spain and France; in the seventeenth the corresponding Peace of Westphalia, and that of the Pyrenees (for although a new and important subject of contention sprung out of the latter, still it was in reality a new difficulty, and one which depended on a very distant eventuality); in the eighteenth the Treaties of Utrecht and Paris, and even those of Hubertsburg and Kainardji; in the nineteenth the Acts of the Congress of Vienna, and what directly preceded it.
In the crises which ended with these Treaties of Peace, the contending powers had once more strained their strength to the uttermost: consequently the settlements which followed always brought after them a long time of quiet, and contained the germs of new developments.
Among great pacifications of this kind we must not count the Peace of Ryswick. It is one of those treaties which mark the completion of a considerable stage in the onward progress of affairs, but do not indicate their full end. As the treaties of Aachen and Nimuegen correspond to the development of the power of Louis XIV at the very epoch of its rise, so at Ryswick we see the first clear appearance of the resistance it encountered.
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- A History of EnglandPrincipally in the Seventeenth Century, pp. 153Publisher: Cambridge University PressPrint publication year: 2010First published in: 1875