Book contents
- Frontmatter
- Contents
- Dedication
- List of Figures and Maps
- Acknowledgements
- Abbreviations
- Dramatis Personae
- Part I The Voyage
- Part II Dark, Polluted Gold
- Part III Douglass, Scott and Burns
- Part IV Measuring Heads, Reading Faces
- Part V The Voyage Home
- Part VI The Affinity Scot
- Appendix I Speaking Itinerary, 1846
- Appendix II Maps
- Bibliography
- Index
22 - The Suit and the Engraving
Published online by Cambridge University Press: 07 May 2021
- Frontmatter
- Contents
- Dedication
- List of Figures and Maps
- Acknowledgements
- Abbreviations
- Dramatis Personae
- Part I The Voyage
- Part II Dark, Polluted Gold
- Part III Douglass, Scott and Burns
- Part IV Measuring Heads, Reading Faces
- Part V The Voyage Home
- Part VI The Affinity Scot
- Appendix I Speaking Itinerary, 1846
- Appendix II Maps
- Bibliography
- Index
Summary
A public figure like Douglass faced dilemmas at every turn. No matter how he looked, he could never escape censure, and this would seem to apply both to his appearances on the lecture platform and to representations of him on canvas or the printed page. In an essay of 1849 he stated his belief that ‘Negroes can never have impartial portraits, at the hands of white artists. It seems to us next to impossible for white men to take likenesses of black men, without most grossly exaggerating their distinctive features.’ He went on:
And the reason is obvious. Artists, like all other white persons, have adopted a theory respecting the distinctive features of Negro physiognomy. We have heard many white persons say, that ‘Negroes look all alike,’ and that they could not distinguish between the old and the young. They associate with the Negro face, high cheek bones, distended nostril, depressed nose, thick lips, and retreating foreheads. This theory impressed strongly upon the mind of an artist exercises a powerful influence over his pencil, and very naturally leads him to distort and exaggerate those peculiarities, even when they scarcely exist in the original. The temptation to make the likeness of the Negro, rather than of the man, is very strong; and often leads the artist, as well as the player ‘to overstep the modesty of nature.’
He later expressed the hope that photography would displace these stereotypes with more honest depictions. He was particularly excited about the democratising potential of this new technology, allowing ordinary people to fill their homes with portraits of themselves and their ancestors, a privilege previously reserved to the rich. Alluding to a line by Burns that was also used in advertisements for daguerreotypists, Douglass wrote:
Men of all conditions may see themselves as others see them. What was once the exclusive luxury of the rich and great is now within reach of all. The humbled servant girl whose income is but a few shillings per week may now possess a more perfect likeness of herself than noble ladies and court royalty, with all its precious treasures could purchase fifty years ago.
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- Frederick Douglass and Scotland, 1846Living an Antislavery Life, pp. 221 - 236Publisher: Edinburgh University PressPrint publication year: 2018