Skip to main content Accessibility help
×
Hostname: page-component-76fb5796d-2lccl Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-04-26T12:53:42.130Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

22 - Self-Regulation and Control in Personality Functioning

from Part V - Cognitive and Motivational Perspectives: Dynamic Processes of Personality

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  18 September 2020

Philip J. Corr
Affiliation:
City, University London
Gerald Matthews
Affiliation:
University of Central Florida
Get access

Summary

Personality has been viewed from many different angles (Carver & Scheier, 2017a). This chapter outlines a view in which personality is considered through the lens of feedback control processes. We address two layers of control processes, managing two distinguishable aspects of behavior. One function of the layers is to permit people to handle multiple tasks across time. More specifically, they help transform simultaneous motives into a stream of actions that shifts repeatedly from one goal to another.

Type
Chapter
Information
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Print publication year: 2020

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Ahadi, S. A., & Rothbart, M. K. (1994). Temperament, development and the Big Five. In Halverson, C. F. Jr., Kohnstamm, G. A. & Martin, R. P. (Eds.), The developing structure of temperament and personality from infancy to adulthood (pp. 189207). Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.Google Scholar
Ballard, T., Yeo, G., Vancouver, J. B., & Neal, A. (2017). The dynamics of avoidance goal regulation. Motivation and Emotion, 41, 698707.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Barratt, E. S. (1965). Factor analysis of some psychometric measures of impulsiveness and anxiety. Psychological Reports, 16, 547554.Google Scholar
Beer, R. D. (1995). A dynamical systems perspective on agent-environment interaction. Artificial Intelligence, 72, 173215.Google Scholar
Berg, J. M., Latzman, R. D., Bliwise, N. G., & Lilienfeld, S. O. (2015). Parsing the heterogeneity of impulsivity: A meta-analytic review of the behavioral implications of the UPPS for psychopathology. Psychological Assessment, 27, 11291146.Google Scholar
Berridge, K. C. (2004). Motivation concepts in behavioral neuroscience. Physiology & Behavior, 81, 179209.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Block, J. (2002). Personality as an affect-processing system: Toward an integrative theory. Mahwah, NJ: Erlbaum.Google Scholar
Block, J. H., & Block, J. (1980). The role of ego-control and ego-resiliency in the organization of behavior. In Collins, W. A. (Ed.), Development of cognition, affect, and social relations (Minnesota symposia on child psychology, Vol. 13, pp. 39101). Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.Google Scholar
Bocanegra, B. R., & Hommel, B. (2014). When cognitive control is not adaptive. Psychological Science, 25, 12491255.Google Scholar
Braver, T. S. (2012). The variable nature of cognitive control: A dual mechanisms framework. Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 16, 106113.Google Scholar
Brehm, J. W., & Self, E. A. (1989). The intensity of motivation. Annual Review of Psychology, 40, 109131.Google Scholar
Buckholz, J. W. (2015). Social norms, self-control, and the value of antisocial behavior. Current Opinion in Behavioral Sciences, 3, 122129.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Carver, C. S. (2001). Affect and the functional bases of behavior: On the dimensional structure of affective experience. Personality and Social Psychology Review, 5, 345356.Google Scholar
Carver, C. S. (2003). Pleasure as a sign you can attend to something else: Placing positive feelings within a general model of affect. Cognition and Emotion, 17, 241261.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Carver, C. S. (2004). Negative affects deriving from the behavioral approach system. Emotion, 4, 322.Google Scholar
Carver, C. S., Johnson, S. L., & Joormann, J. (2008). Serotonergic function, two-mode models of self-regulation, and vulnerability to depression: What depression has in common with impulsive aggression. Psychological Bulletin, 134, 912943.Google Scholar
Carver, C. S., Johnson, S. L., & Joormann, J. (2013). Major depressive disorder and impulsive reactivity to emotion: Toward a dual process view of depression. British Journal of Clinical Psychology, 52, 285299.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Carver, C. S., Johnson, S. L., Joormann, J., Kim, Y., & Nam, J. Y. (2011). Serotonin transporter polymorphism interacts with childhood adversity to predict aspects of impulsivity. Psychological Science, 22, 589595.Google Scholar
Carver, C. S., Johnson, S. L., & Timpano, K. R. (2017). Toward a functional view of the p factor in psychopathology. Clinical Psychological Science, 5, 880889.Google Scholar
Carver, C. S., Lawrence, J. W., & Scheier, M. F. (1999). Self-discrepancies and affect: Incorporating the role of feared selves. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 25, 783792.Google Scholar
Carver, C. S., & Scheier, M. F. (1981). Attention and self-regulation: A control-theory approach to human behavior. New York: Springer.Google Scholar
Carver, C. S., & Scheier, M. F. (1990). Origins and functions of positive and negative affect: A control-process view. Psychological Review, 97, 1935.Google Scholar
Carver, C. S., & Scheier, M. F. (1998). On the self-regulation of behavior. New York: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Carver, C. S., & Scheier, M. F. (2000). Scaling back goals and recalibration of the affect system are processes in normal adaptive self-regulation: Understanding “response shift” phenomena. Social Science & Medicine, 50, 17151722.Google Scholar
Carver, C. S., & Scheier, M. F. (2002). Control processes and self-organization as complementary principles underlying behavior. Personality and Social Psychology Review, 6, 304315.Google Scholar
Carver, C. S., & Scheier, M. F. (2003). Three human strengths. In Aspinwall, L. G. & Staudinger, U. M. (Eds.), A psychology of human strengths: Fundamental questions and future directions for a positive psychology (pp. 87102). Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.Google Scholar
Carver, C. S., & Scheier, M. F. (2017a). Perspectives on personality (8th ed.). Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson Education.Google Scholar
Carver, C. S., & Scheier, M. F. (2017b). Self-regulatory functions supporting motivated action. In Elliot, A. J. (Ed.), Advances in motivation science (Vol. 4, pp. 137). New York: Elsevier.Google Scholar
Caspi, A., Houts, R. M., Belsky, D. W., Goldman-Mellor, S. J., Harrington, H., Israel, S., … Moffitt, T. (2014). The P-factor: One general psychopathology factor in the structure of psychiatric disorders? Clinical Psychological Science, 2, 119137.Google Scholar
Castellanos-Ryan, N., Brière, F. N., O’Leary-Barrett, M., Banaschewski, T., Bokde, A., Bromberg, U., … IMAGEN CONSORTIUM (2016). The structure of psychopathology in adolescence and its common personality and cognitive correlates. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 125, 10391052.Google Scholar
Clark, L. A. (2005). Temperament as a unifying basis for personality and psychopathology. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 114, 505521.Google Scholar
Clark, L. A., & Watson, D. (1999). Temperament: A new paradigm for trait psychology. In Pervin, L. A. & John, O. P. (Eds.), Handbook of personality: Theory and research (2nd ed., pp. 399423). New York: Guilford.Google Scholar
Clark, R. N. (1996). Control system dynamics. New York: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Cleare, A. J., & Bond, A. J. (1997). Does central serotonergic function correlate inversely with aggression? A study using D-fenfluramine in healthy subjects. Psychiatry Research, 69, 8995.Google Scholar
Clore, G. C. (1994). Why emotions are felt. In Ekman, P. & Davidson, R. J. (Eds.), The nature of emotion: Fundamental questions (pp. 103111). New York: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Coccaro, E. F., Kavoussi, R. J., Cooper, T. B., & Hauger, R. L. (1997). Central serotonin activity and aggression: Inverse relationship with prolactin response to d-fenfluramine, but not CSF 5-HIAA concentration, in human subjects. American Journal of Psychiatry, 154, 14301435.Google Scholar
Coccaro, E. F., Kavoussi, R. J., Hauger, R. L., Cooper, T. B., & Ferris, C. F. (1998). Cerebrospinal fluid vasopressin levels: Correlates with aggression and serotonin function in personality-disordered subjects. Archives of General Psychiatry, 55, 708714.Google Scholar
Cooper, M. L, Wood, P. K., Orcutt, H. K., & Albino, A. (2003). Personality and the predisposition to engage in risky or problem behaviors during adolescence. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 84, 390410.Google Scholar
Cyders, M. A., Smith, G. T., Spillane, N. S., Fischer, S., Annus, A. M., & Peterson, C. (2007). Integration of impulsivity and positive mood to predict risky behavior: Development and validation of a measure of positive urgency. Psychological Assessment, 19, 107118.Google Scholar
Daly, M., Delaney, L., Egan, M., & Baumeister, R. F. (2015). Childhood self-control and unemployment throughout the life span: Evidence from two British cohort studies. Psychological Science, 26, 709723.Google Scholar
Davidson, R. J. (1992). Anterior cerebral asymmetry and the nature of emotion. Brain and Cognition, 20, 125151.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Daw, N. D., Niv, Y., & Dayan, P. (2005). Uncertainty-based competition between prefrontal and dorsolateral striatal systems for behavioral control. Nature Neuroscience, 8, 17041711.Google Scholar
Dayan, P. (2008). Simple substrates for complex cognition. Frontiers in Neuroscience, 2, 255263.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Del Giudice, M. (2014). An evolutionary life history framework for psychopathology. Psychological Inquiry, 25, 261300.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Depue, R. A., & Collins, P. F. (1999). Neurobiology of the structure of personality: Dopamine, facilitation of incentive motivation, and extraversion. Behavioral and Brain Sciences, 22, 491517.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Dickman, S. J. (1990). Functional and dysfunctional impulsivity: Personality and cognitive correlates. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 58, 95102.Google Scholar
Diener, E. (1979). Deindividuation, self-awareness, and disinhibition. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 37, 11601171.Google Scholar
Dreisbach, G., & Goschke, T. (2004). How positive affect modulates cognitive control: Reduced perseveration at the cost of increased distractibility. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 30, 343353.Google Scholar
Durston, S., Thomas, K. M., Worden, M. S., Yang, Y., & Casey, B. J. (2002). The effect of preceding context on inhibition: An event-related fMRI study. NeuroImage, 16, 449453.Google Scholar
Durston, S., Thomas, K. M., Yang, Y., Ulug, A. M., Zimmerman, R. D., & Casey, B. J. (2002). A neural basis for the development of inhibitory control. Developmental Science, 5, F9F16.Google Scholar
Eisenberg, N. (2002). Emotion-related regulation and its relation to quality of social functioning. In Hartup, W. W. & Weinberg, R. A. (Eds.), Child psychology in retrospect and prospect: The Minnesota symposium on child psychology (Vol. 32, pp. 133171). Mahwah, NJ: Erlbaum.Google Scholar
Eisenberg, N., Hofer, C., Sulik, M., & Spinrad, T. L. (2014). Self-regulation, effortful control, and their socioemotional correlates. In Gross, J. J. (Ed.), Handbook of emotion regulation (2nd ed., pp. 157172). New York: Guilford Press.Google Scholar
Evans, J. St. B. T., & Stanovich, K. E. (2013). Dual-process theories of higher cognition: Advancing the debate. Perspectives on Psychological Science, 8, 223241.Google Scholar
Finlay-Jones, R., & Brown, G. W. (1981). Types of stressful life event and the onset of anxiety and depressive disorders. Psychological Medicine, 11, 803815.Google Scholar
Freud, S. (1962). The ego and the id. New York: Norton. (Originally published, 1923.)Google Scholar
Frijda, N. H. (1986). The emotions. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Frijda, N. H. (1988). The laws of emotion. American Psychologist, 43, 349358.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Frijda, N. H. (1994). Emotions are functional, most of the time. In Ekman, P. & Davidson, R. J. (Eds.), The nature of emotion: Fundamental questions (pp. 112126). New York: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Fulford, D., Johnson, S. L., Llabre, M. M., & Carver, C. S. (2010). Pushing and coasting in dynamic goal pursuit: Coasting is attenuated in bipolar disorder. Psychological Science, 21, 10211027.Google Scholar
Gendolla, G. H. E., & Richter, M. (2010). Effort mobilization when the self is involved: Some lessons from the cardiovascular system. Review of General Psychology, 14, 212226.Google Scholar
George, D. T., Umhau, J. C., Phillips, M. J., Emmela, D., Ragan, P. W., Shoaf, S. E., … Rawlings, R. R. (2001). Serotonin, testosterone, and alcohol in the etiology of domestic violence. Psychiatry Research, 104, 2737.Google Scholar
Gray, J. A. (1982). The neuropsychology of anxiety: An enquiry into the functions of the septo-hippocampal system. New York: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Gray, J. A. (1994). Personality dimensions and emotion systems. In Ekman, P. & Davidson, R. J. (Eds.), The nature of emotion: Fundamental questions (pp. 329331). New York: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Gross, J. J. (Ed.) (2007). Handbook of emotion regulation. New York: Guilford Press.Google Scholar
Hansen, E. B., & Breivik, G. (2001). Sensation seeking as a predictor of positive and negative risk behaviour among adolescents. Personality and Individual Differences, 30, 627640.Google Scholar
Harvey, A., Watkins, E., Mansell, W., & Shafran, R. (2004). Cognitive behavioural processes across psychological disorders: A transdiagnostic approach to research and treatment. Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Hayes-Roth, B., & Hayes-Roth, F. (1979). A cognitive model of planning. Cognitive Science, 3, 275310.Google Scholar
Higgins, E. T. (1987). Self-discrepancy: A theory relating self and affect. Psychological Review, 94, 319340.Google Scholar
Higgins, E. T. (1996). Ideals, oughts, and regulatory focus: Affect and motivation from distinct pains and pleasures. In Gollwitzer, P. M. & Bargh, J. A. (Eds.), The psychology of action: Linking cognition and motivation to behavior (pp. 91114). New York: Guilford.Google Scholar
Higgins, E. T., & Brendl, C. M. (1995). Accessibility and applicability: Some “activation rules” influencing judgment. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 31, 218243.Google Scholar
Hull, J. G. (1981). A self-awareness model of the causes and effects of alcohol consumption. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 90, 586600.Google Scholar
Johnson, S. L., Carver, C. S., & Joormann, J. (2013). Impulsive responses to emotion as a transdiagnostic vulnerability to internalizing and externalizing symptoms. Journal of Affective Disorders, 150, 872878.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Johnson, S. L., Carver, C. S., Mulé, S., & Joormann, J. (2013). Impulsivity and risk for mania: Toward greater specificity. Psychology and Psychotherapy: Theory, Research, and Practice, 86, 401412.Google Scholar
Johnson-Laird, P. N., Mancini, F., & Gangemi, A. (2006). A hyper-emotion theory of psychological illnesses. Psychological Review, 113, 822841.Google Scholar
Kahneman, D. (2011). Thinking, fast and slow. New York: Farrar, Straus & Giroux.Google Scholar
Kaiser, A., Bonsu, J. A., Charnigo, R. J., Milich, R. A., & Lynam, D. R. (2016). Impulsive personality and alcohol use. Journal of Studies on Alcohol and Drugs, 77, 475482.Google Scholar
Keren, G., & Schul, Y. (2009). Two is not always better than one: A critical evaluation of two-system theories. Perspectives on Psychological Science, 4, 533550.Google Scholar
Kieras, J. E., Tobin, R. M., Graziano, W. G., & Rothbart, M. K. (2005). You can’t always get what you want: Effortful control and children’s responses to undesirable gifts. Psychological Science, 16, 391396.Google Scholar
Klinger, E. (1975). Consequences of commitment to and disengagement from incentives. Psychological Review, 82, 125.Google Scholar
Kochanska, G., & Knaack, A. (2003). Effortful control as a personality characteristic of young children: Antecedents, correlates, and consequences. Journal of Personality, 71, 10871112.Google Scholar
Krueger, R. F., & Markon, K. E. (2006). Reinterpreting comorbidity: A model-based approach to understanding and classifying psychopathology. Annual Review of Clinical Psychology, 2, 111133.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Laceulle, O. M., Vollebergh, W. A. M., & Ormel, J. (2015). The structure of psychopathology in adolescence: Replication of a general psychopathology factor in the TRAILS Study. Clinical Psychological Science, 3, 850860.Google Scholar
Lahey, B. B., Applegate, B., Hakes, J. K., Zald, D. H., Hariri, A. R., & Rathouz, P. J. (2012). Is there a general factor of prevalent psychopathology during adulthood? Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 121, 971977.Google Scholar
Lahey, B. B., Rathouz, P. J., Keenan, K., Stepp, S. D., Loeber, R., & Hipwell, A. E. (2015). Criterion validity of the general factor of psychopathology in a prospective study of girls. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry and Allied Disciplines, 56, 415422.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Louro, M. J., Pieters, R., & Zeelenberg, M. (2007). Dynamics of multiple-goal pursuit. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 93, 174193.Google Scholar
Lynam, D. R. (1996). Early identification of chronic offenders: Who is the fledgling psychopath? Psychological Bulletin, 120, 209234.Google Scholar
MacDonald, K. B. (2008). Effortful control, explicit processing, and the regulation of human evolved dispositions. Psychological Review, 115, 10121031.Google Scholar
MacKay, D. M. (1966). Cerebral organization and the conscious control of action. In Eccles, J. C. (Ed.), Brain and conscious experience (pp. 422445). Berlin: Springer.Google Scholar
Manuck, S. B., Kaplan, J. R., & Lotrich, F. E. (2006). Brain serotonin and aggressive disposition in humans and nonhuman primates. In Nelson, R. J. (Ed.), Biology of aggression (pp. 65102). New York: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Mikulincer, M. (1994). Human learned helplessness: A coping perspective. New York: Plenum.Google Scholar
Miller, G. A., Galanter, E., & Pribram, K. H. (1960). Plans and the structure of behavior. New York: Holt, Rinehart & Winston.Google Scholar
Mizruchi, M. S. (1991). Urgency, motivation, and group performance: The effect of prior success on current success among professional basketball teams. Social Psychology Quarterly, 54, 181189.Google Scholar
Nesse, R. M. (2000). Is depression an adaptation? Archives of General Psychiatry, 57, 1420.Google Scholar
Nigg, J. T. (2000). On inhibition/disinhibition in developmental pychopathology: Views from cognitive and personality psychology and a working inhibition taxonomy. Psychological Bulletin, 126, 220246.Google Scholar
Nigg, J. T. (2003). Response inhibition and disruptive behaviors: Toward a multiprocess conception of etiological heterogeneity for ADHD combined type and conduct disorder early-onset type. Annuals of the New York Academy of Sciences, 1008, 170182.Google Scholar
Norman, D. A. (1981). Categorization of action slips. Psychological Review, 88, 115.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ogilvie, D. M. (1987). The undesired self: A neglected variable in personality research. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 52, 379385.Google Scholar
Ortony, A., Clore, G. L., & Collins, A. (1988). The cognitive structure of emotions. New York: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Otto, A. R., Gershman, S. J., Markman, A. B., & Daw, N. D. (2013). The curse of planning: Dissecting multiple reinforcement learning systems by taxing the central executive. Psychological Science, 24, 751761.Google Scholar
Ouellette, J. A., & Wood, W. (1998). Habit and intention in everyday life: The multiple processes by which past behavior predicts future behavior. Psychological Bulletin, 124, 5474.Google Scholar
Parker, J. D. A., Bagby, R. M., & Webster, C. D. (1993). Domains of the impulsivity construct: A factor analytic investigation. Personality and Individual Differences, 15, 267274.Google Scholar
Payton, D. W. (1990). Internalized plans: A representation for action resources. In Maes, P. (Ed.), Designing autonomous agents: Theory and practice from biology to engineering and back (pp. 89103). Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.Google Scholar
Pearson, C. M., Combs, J. L., Zapolski, T. C., & Smith, G. T. (2012). A longitudinal transactional risk model for early eating disorder onset. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 27, 320331.Google Scholar
Pittman, T. S., & Pittman, N. L. (1980). Deprivation of control and the attribution process. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 39, 377389.Google Scholar
Powers, W. T. (1973). Behavior: The control of perception. Chicago, IL: Aldine.Google Scholar
Rick, S. I., Cryder, C. E., & Loewenstein, G. (2008). Tightwads and spendthrifts. Journal of Consumer Research, 34, 767782.Google Scholar
Riley, E. N., Combs, J. L., Jordan, C. E., & Smith, G. T. (2015). Negative urgency and lack of perseverance: Identification of differential pathways of onset and maintenance risk in the longitudinal prediction of nonsuicidal self-injury. Behavior Therapy, 46, 439448.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Rothbart, M. K., Ahadi, S. A., Hershey, K., & Fisher, P. (2001). Investigations of temperament at three to seven years: The Children’s Behavior Questionnaire. Child Development, 72, 13941408.Google Scholar
Rothbart, M. K., & Bates, J. E. (1998). Temperament. In Damon, W. (Series Ed.) and Eisenberg, N. (Vol. Ed.), Handbook of child psychology: Social, emotional and personality development (5th ed., Vol. 3, pp. 105176). New York: Wiley.Google Scholar
Rothbart, M. K., Ellis, L. K., Rueda, M. R., & Posner, M. I. (2003). Developing mechanisms of temperamental effortful control. Journal of Personality, 71, 11131143.Google Scholar
Rudman, L. A., Phelan, J. E., & Heppen, J. B. (2007). Developmental sources of implicit attitudes. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 33, 17001713.Google Scholar
Sansone, C., Wiebe, D. J., & Morgan, C. (1999). Self-regulating interest: The moderating role of hardiness and conscientiousness. Journal of Personality, 67, 701733.Google Scholar
Schwarz, N., & Clore, G. L. (1983). Mood, misattribution, and judgments of well-being: Informative and directive functions of affective states. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 45, 513523.Google Scholar
Shallice, T. (1978). The dominant action system: An information-processing approach to consciousness. In Pope, K. S. & Singer, J. L. (Eds.), The stream of consciousness: Scientific investigations into the flow of human experience (pp. 117157). New York: Wiley.Google Scholar
Simon, H. A. (1953). Models of man. New York: Wiley.Google Scholar
Simon, H. A. (1967). Motivational and emotional controls of cognition. Psychological Review, 74, 2939.Google Scholar
Smith, G. T., Fischer, S., Cyders, M. A., Annus, A. M., Spillane, N. S., & McCarthy, D. M. (2007). On the validity and utility of discriminating among impulsivity-like traits. Assessment, 14, 155170.Google Scholar
Smith, G. T., Guller, L., & Zapolski, T. C. (2013). A comparison of two models of urgency: Urgency predicts both rash action and depression in youth. Clinical Psychological Science, 1, 266275.Google Scholar
Snyder, H. R., Young, J. F., & Hankin, B. L. (2017). Strong homotypic continuity in common psychopathology-, internalizing- and externalizing-specific factors over time in adolescents. Clinical Psychological Science, 5, 98110.Google Scholar
Solanto, M. V., Abikoff, H., Sonuga-Barke, E., Schachar, R., Logan, G. D., Wigal, T., … Turkel, E. (2001). The ecological validity of delay aversion and response inhibition as measures of impulsivity in AD/HD: A supplement to the NIMH multimodal treatment study of AD/HD. Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 29, 215228.Google Scholar
Sperry, S. H., Lynam, D. P., & Kwapil, T. R. (2018). The convergence and divergence of impulsivity facets in daily life. Journal of Personality, 86, 841852.Google Scholar
Spoont, M. R. (1992). Modulatory role of serotonin in neural information processing: Implications for human psychopathology. Psychological Bulletin, 112, 330350.Google Scholar
Stanford, M. S., & Barratt, E. S. (1992). Impulsivity and the multi-impulsive personality disorder. Personality and Individual Differences, 13, 831834.Google Scholar
Steele, C. M., & Josephs, R. A. (1990). Alcohol myopia: Its prized and dangerous effects. American Psychologist, 45, 921933.Google Scholar
Tackett, J. L., Lahey, B. B., van Hulle, C., Waldman, I., Krueger, R. F., & Rathouz, P. J. (2013). Common genetic influences on negative emotionality and a general psychopathology factor in childhood and adolescence. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 122, 11421153.Google Scholar
Toates, F. (2006). A model of the hierarchy of behaviour, cognition, and consciousness. Consciousness and Cognition: An International Journal, 15, 75118.Google Scholar
Tops, M., Boksem, M. A. S., Luu, P., & Tucker, D. M. (2010). Brain substrates of behavioral programs associated with self-regulation. Frontiers in Neurosciences, 1, 114.Google Scholar
Vallacher, R. R., & Wegner, D. M. (1987). What do people think they’re doing? Action identification and human behavior. Psychological Review, 94, 315.Google Scholar
Vohs, K. D., & Baumeister, R. F. (Eds.) (2016). Handbook of self-regulation: Research, theory, and applications (4th ed.). New York: Guilford.Google Scholar
Waldman, I. D., Poore, H. E., van Hulle, C., Rathouz, P. J., & Lahey, B. B. (2016). External validity of a hierarchical dimensional model of child and adolescent psychopathology: Tests using confirmatory factor analyses and multivariate behavior genetic analyses. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 125, 10531066.Google Scholar
White, J. L., Moffitt, T. E., Caspi, A., Bartusch, D. J., Needles, D. J., & Stouthamer-Loeber, M. (1994). Measuring impulsivity and examining its relationship to delinquency. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 103, 192205.Google Scholar
Whiteside, S. P., & Lynam, D. R. (2001). The Five-Factor Model and impulsivity: Using a structural model of personality to understand impulsivity. Personality and Individual Differences, 30, 669689.Google Scholar
Whiteside, S. P., & Lynam, D. R. (2003). Understanding the role of impulsivity and externalizing psychopathology in alcohol abuse: Application of the UPPS impulsive behavior scale. Experimental and Clinical Psychopharmacology, 11, 210217.Google Scholar
Whiteside, S. P., Lynam, D. R., Miller, J. D., & Reynolds, S. K. (2005). Validation of the UPPS impulsive behavior scale: A four-factor model of impulsivity. European Journal of Personality, 19, 559574.Google Scholar
Wiener, N. (1948). Cybernetics: Control and communication in the animal and the machine. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.Google Scholar
Wood, W., & Neal, D. T. (2007). A new look at habits and the habit–goal interface. Psychological Review, 114, 843863.Google Scholar
Wood, W., & Rünger, D. (2016). Psychology of habit. Annual Review of Psychology, 67, 289314.Google Scholar
Wortman, C. B., & Brehm, J. W. (1975). Responses to uncontrollable outcomes: An integration of reactance theory and the learned helplessness model. In Berkowitz, L. (Ed.), Advances in experimental social psychology (Vol. 8, pp. 277336). New York: Academic Press.Google Scholar
Wrosch, C., Scheier, M. F., Carver, C. S., & Schulz, R. (2003). The importance of goal disengagement in adaptive self-regulation: When giving up is beneficial. Self and Identity, 2, 120.Google Scholar
Wrosch, C., Scheier, M. F., Miller, G. E., Schulz, R., & Carver, C. S. (2003). Adaptive self-regulation of unattainable goals: Goal disengagement, goal re-engagement, and subjective well-being. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 29, 14941508.Google Scholar
Zelenski, J. M., & Larsen, R. J. (1999). Susceptibility to affect: A comparison of three personality taxonomies. Journal of Personality, 67, 761791.Google Scholar

Save book to Kindle

To save this book to your Kindle, first ensure coreplatform@cambridge.org is added to your Approved Personal Document E-mail List under your Personal Document Settings on the Manage Your Content and Devices page of your Amazon account. Then enter the ‘name’ part of your Kindle email address below. Find out more about saving to your Kindle.

Note you can select to save to either the @free.kindle.com or @kindle.com variations. ‘@free.kindle.com’ emails are free but can only be saved to your device when it is connected to wi-fi. ‘@kindle.com’ emails can be delivered even when you are not connected to wi-fi, but note that service fees apply.

Find out more about the Kindle Personal Document Service.

Available formats
×

Save book to Dropbox

To save content items to your account, please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. Find out more about saving content to Dropbox.

Available formats
×

Save book to Google Drive

To save content items to your account, please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. Find out more about saving content to Google Drive.

Available formats
×