“He was a lover of liberty,” observed Mary Howitt when Byron’s funeral procession reached Nottingham, “which the Radical Corporation here thought made him their brother; therefore all the rabble rout from every lane and alley, and garret and cellar, came forth to curse and swear, and shout and push, in his honour.” Both during his life and after, Byron was venerated as the patron saint of radicalism. He was toasted at clandestine Tom Paine dinners in the 1820s. Incendiary works such as Cain (1821), The Vision of Judgment (1822) and Don Juan (1819) were pirated in cheap editions. His name decorated the walls of Chartist public houses alongside those of Paine, Jefferson and Washington, while selections of his verse emblazoned banners at demonstrations across the manufacturing districts of northern England.